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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 1016-104.1: 1991 Methods for Analysis and testing of coal and coke Part 104: Proximate analysis Section 104.1 Determination of moisture content of the general analysis sample of coal Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 08:05:56 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy
2、, (c) BSI BS 1016-104.1:1991 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Solid Mineral Fuels Standards Policy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 30 April 1991 BSI 04-1999 First published, as BS 1016-3, March 1942 Se
3、cond edition May 1957 Third edition September 1965 Fourth edition October 1973 Fifth edition, as BS 1016-104.1 April 1991 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference SFC/3 Draft for comment 90/53514 DC ISBN 0 580 19469 8 Committees responsible for this Briti
4、sh Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Solid Mineral Fuels Standards Policy Committee (SFC/-) to Technical Committee SFC/3, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Cement Association British Coal Corporation British Gas plc British Steel Industry
5、Department of Trade and Industry (Standards and Quality Policy Unit, Quality Design and Education Division) Electricity Supply Industry in United Kingdom GAMBICA (BEAMA Ltd.) Institute of British Foundrymen Institute of Petroleum Power Generation Contractors Association (BEAMA Ltd.) Amendments issue
6、d since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 08:05:56 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1016-104.1:1991 BSI 04-1999i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover Forewordii 0Introduction1 1Scope1 2Definitions1 3Principle1 4Reag
7、ent1 5Apparatus1 6Preparation of test sample1 7Procedure1 8Expression of results3 9Precision3 10Test report3 Figure 1 Example of a suitable oven2 Table 1 Precision3 Publication(s) referred toInside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 08:05:56 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolle
8、d Copy, (c) BSI BS 1016-104.1:1991 ii BSI 04-1999 Foreword This Section of BS 1016 has been prepared under the direction of the Solid Mineral Fuels Standards Policy Committee. Part 104 is a revision of the 1973 editions of BS 1016-3 and BS 1016-4, which are superseded and withdrawn. This Section rep
9、laces clause 4 in BS 1016-3:1973, from which the principal changes are the omission of the direct gravimetric method (in 4.2) and the method of drying in vacuo (in 4.4). Part 104 is a further Part numbered under a scheme for rationalizing and restructuring BS 1016. The new series, when complete, wil
10、l begin with Part 100, which will include a general introduction. The earlier series of Parts is as follows, with the new Part numbers (which will be given to revisions when they are published) in parentheses. Part 1: Total moisture of coal (Part 101); Part 2: Total moisture of coke (Part 102); Part
11、 5: Gross calorific value of coal and coke (Part 105); Part 6: Ultimate analysis of coal (Part 106); Part 7: Ultimate analysis of coke (Part 106); Part 8: Chlorine in coal and coke (Part 106); Part 9: Phosphorus in coal and coke (Part 106); Part 10: Arsenic in coal and coke (Part 106); Part 11: Form
12、s of sulphur in coal (Part 106); Part 12: Caking and swelling properties of coal (Part 107); Part 13: Tests special to coke (Part 108); Part 14: Analysis of coal ash and coke ash (Part 114); Part 15: Fusibility of coal ash and coke ash (Part 113); Part 16: Methods for reporting results (Part 100); P
13、art 17: Size analysis of coal (Part 109); Part 18: Size analysis of coke (Part 110); Part 20: Determination of Hardgrove grindability index of hard coal (Part 112); Part 21: Determination of moisture-holding capacity of hard coal (Part 103). The following Parts in the new series have been published.
14、 Part 104: Proximate analysis; Part 111: Determination of abrasion index of coal. Part 104 is divided into four Sections as follows. Section 104.1: Determination of moisture content of the general analysis sample of coal; Section 104.2: Determination of moisture content of the general analysis sampl
15、e of coke; Section 104.3: Determination of volatile matter content; Section 104.4: Determination of ash. There is no international standard describing an indirect method for determination of moisture content in the analysis sample of coal, as described in this Section of BS 1016. A direct method is
16、described in ISO 331:1983, published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 08:05:56 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1016-104.1:1991 BSI 04-1999iii There may be alternative methods for carrying out this determ
17、ination which are more rapid and/or less labour-intensive than the reference method described in this Section of BS 1016. Work is in hand on the preparation of a standard for the validation of such alternative methods. It is important to demonstrate that an alternative method is free from bias when
18、compared to this reference method, and will give a level of repeatability which is the same as or better than that quoted for the reference method (see clause 9). WARNING NOTE. This British Standard does not necessarily detail all the precautions necessary to comply with the requirements of the Heal
19、th and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 or the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1988. Attention should be paid to any appropriate precautions and the method should be operated only by trained personnel. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
20、 contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 4, an inside bac
21、k cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 08:05:56 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
22、iv blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 08:05:56 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1016-104.1:1991 BSI 04-19991 0 Introduction As coal is hygroscopic, its moisture content will vary with change in humidity of the atmosphere. Therefore, the moisture in the general
23、analysis sample has to be determined whenever portions are weighed out for other analytical determinations (for example, volatile matter content, calorific value, carbon and hydrogen content) and when results are required on a dry basis. If all the portions taken for analysis are weighed out on the
24、same day and at about the same time, one test for moisture content should suffice. 1 Scope This Section of BS 1016 describes a reference method for determining the moisture content of the general analysis sample of hard coal. It is also applicable to certain manufactured solid fuels, excluding coke,
25、 derived directly from coal. It is not applicable to brown coals and lignites. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this Section of BS 1016, the definitions given in BS 1017-1 apply, together with the f
26、ollowing. moisture in the general analysis sample moisture content of the general analysis sample of a solid mineral fuel after it has attained approximate equilibrium with the atmosphere in the laboratory and which is removable under specified conditions 3 Principle A known mass of the coal is heat
27、ed in a stream of oxygen-free, dry nitrogen at a temperature between 105 C and 110 C and is maintained at this temperature until constant in mass. The moisture content is calculated from the loss in mass of the coal. 4 Reagent 4.1 Nitrogen, dry and containing less than 10 L of oxygen per litre. 5 Ap
28、paratus 5.1 Balance, capable of weighing to the nearest 0.1 mg. 5.2 Oven. A minimum-free-space oven capable of maintaining a temperature within the range 105 C to 110 C and with provision for the nitrogen to pass through it at about 15 oven volumes per hour. A suitable oven is illustrated in Figure
29、1 Arrangements shall be made for measuring the flow of nitrogen through the oven. 5.3 Weighing dishes, shallow, of glass with ground-on covers or of corrosion-resistant metal with well-fitting covers, of such a size that the mass of coal per unit area does not exceed 0.15 g/cm2. 5.4 Cooling vessel,
30、with provision for the nitrogen to pass through it at about 15 volumes per hour. NOTEThe provision of a metal plate, preferably of aluminium, inside the vessel will increase the rate of cooling. 6 Preparation of test sample The coal used for the determination of moisture content is the general analy
31、sis sample, ground to pass a sieve of 212 m aperture (see clause 22 of BS 1017-1:1989). Expose the sample in a thin layer for the minimum time required for the moisture content to reach approximate equilibrium with the laboratory atmosphere. Immediately before weighing out the test portion (see 7.1)
32、, mix the test sample for not less than 1 min, preferably by mechanical means. 7 Procedure 7.1 Test portion Weigh, to the nearest 0.1 mg, a clean, dry, empty weighing dish (5.3) with its cover. Add about 1 g of the test sample to the dish in an even layer and reweigh the dish, cover and test portion
33、 to the nearest 0.1 mg. 7.2 Determination Transfer the dish containing the test portion (see 7.1), without its cover, to the oven (5.2) preheated to a temperature within the range 105 C to 110 C, and heat the dish at that temperature for a minimum of 60 min while passing the nitrogen (4.1) through t
34、he oven at about 15 volumes per hour. Remove the dish from the oven and replace its cover. Transfer the dish to the cooling vessel (5.4), through which the nitrogen is passing at about 15 volumes per hour, and weigh the dish, to the nearest 0.1 mg, when cool. For further periods each of at least 10
35、min, reheat the dish without its cover at 105 C to 110 C, then cool and reweigh it to the nearest 0.1 mg, until any further change in mass on successive weighings does not exceed 1 mg. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 08:05:56 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1016-
36、104.1:1991 2 BSI 04-1999 Figure 1 Example of a suitable oven Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 08:05:56 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1016-104.1:1991 BSI 04-19993 8 Expression of results The moisture content of the coal, expressed as a percentage by mass, is give
37、n by the formula: where Report the result to the nearest 0.1 % (m/m). NOTEIt is recommended that the result is calculated as the mean of duplicate determinations. 9 Precision 9.1 Repeatability The results of duplicate determinations, carried out in the same laboratory by the same operator with the s
38、ame apparatus on representative portions weighed out at the same time from the same test sample, should not differ by more than the value given in Table 1. Table 1 Precision 9.2 Reproducibility Since the humidity conditions in different laboratories will vary, it is not practical to quote a limiting
39、 value for reproducibility. 10 Test report The test report shall include the following: a) the identification of the sample; b) the reference to the method used, i.e. BS 1016-104.1:1991; c) the results expressed in accordance with clause 8; d) any unusual features noted during the determination; e)
40、any operations not specified in this standard or regarded as optional. m1is the mass of the empty dish plus cover (in g); m2is the mass of the dish plus cover plus coal before heating (in g); m3is the mass of the dish plus cover plus coal after heating (in g). m2m3 m2m1 - -100 Moisture contentRepeat
41、abilityReproducibility % (m/m)% (m/m) Lower than 50.10See 9.2 Equal to or higher than 5 0.15See 9.2 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 08:05:56 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 4 blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 08:05:56 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncon
42、trolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1016-104.1:1991 BSI 04-1999 Publication(s) referred to BS 1017, Sampling of coal and coke. BS 1017-1, Methods for sampling of coal. ISO 331, Coal Determination of moisture in the analysis sample Direct gravimetric method1). 1) Referred to in the foreword only. Licensed Copy:
43、 sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 08:05:56 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1016-104.1: 1991 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSI British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on sta
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