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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 1016-104.2: 1991 Methods for Analysis and testing of coal and coke Part 104: Proximate analysis Section 104.2 Determination of moisture content of the general analysis sample of coke Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 08:05:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy
2、, (c) BSI BS 1016-104.2:1991 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Solid Mineral Fuels Standards Policy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 30 April 1991 BSI 07-1999 First published as BS 1016-4, March 1942 Sec
3、ond edition May 1957 Third edition October 1965 Fourth edition October 1973 Fifth edition as BS 1016-104.2, April 1991 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference SFC/3 Draft for comment 90/53515 DC ISBN 0 580 19470 1 Committees responsible for this British
4、Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Solid Mineral Fuels Standards Policy Committee (SFC/-) to Technical Committee SFC/3, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Cement Association British Coal Corporation British Gas plc British Steel Industry Dep
5、artment of Trade and Industry (Standards and Quality Policy Unit, Quality, Design and Education Division) Electricity Supply Industry in United Kingdom GAMBICA (BEAMA Ltd.) Institute of British Foundrymen Institute of Petroleum Power Generation Contractors Association (BEAMA Ltd.) Amendments issued
6、since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 08:05:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1016-104.2:1991 BSI 07-1999i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover Forewordii 0Introduction1 1Scope1 2Definitions1 3Principle1 4Reagen
7、t1 5Apparatus1 6Preparation of test sample1 7Procedure1 8Expression of results2 9Precision2 10Test report2 Publication(s) referred toInside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 08:05:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1016-104.2:1991 ii BSI 07-1999 Foreword
8、 This Section of BS 1016 has been prepared under the direction of the Solid Mineral Fuels Standards Policy Committee. Part 104 is a revision of the 1973 editions of BS 1016-3 and BS 1016-4, which are superseded and withdrawn. This Section replaces clause 4 in BS 1016-4:1973, from which the principal
9、 changes are the omission of the direct gravimetric method (in 4.2) and the replacement of drying in nitrogen (in 4.3) by heating in air and then cooling in nitrogen. Part 104 is a further Part numbered under a scheme for rationalizing and restructuring BS 1016. The new series, when complete, will b
10、egin with Part 100, which will include a general introduction. The earlier series of Parts is as follows, with the new Part numbers (which will be given to revisions when they are published) in parentheses. Part 1: Total moisture of coal (Part 101); Part 2: Total moisture of coke (Part 102); Part 5:
11、 Gross calorific value of coal and coke (Part 105); Part 6: Ultimate analysis of coal (Part 106); Part 7: Ultimate analysis of coke (Part 106); Part 8: Chlorine in coal and coke (Part 106); Part 9: Phosphorus in coal and coke (Part 106); Part 10: Arsenic in coal and coke (Part 106); Part 11: Forms o
12、f sulphur in coal (Part 106); Part 12: Caking and swelling properties of coal (Part 107); Part 13: Tests special to coke (Part 108); Part 14: Analysis of coal ash and coke ash (Part 114); Part 15: Fusibility of coal ash and coke ash (Part 113); Part 16: Methods for reporting results (Part 100); Part
13、 17: Size analysis of coal (Part 109); Part 18: Size analysis of coke (Part 110); Part 20: Determination of Hardgrove grindability index of hard coal (Part 112); Part 21: Determination of moisture-holding capacity of hard coal (Part 103). The following Parts in the new series have been published. Pa
14、rt 104: Proximate analysis; Part 111: Determination of abrasion index of coal. Part 104 is divided into four Sections as follows. Section 104.1: Determination of moisture content of the general analysis sample of coal; Section 104.2: Determination of moisture content of the general analysis sample o
15、f coke; Section 104.3; Determination of volatile matter content; Section 104.4: Determination of ash. This Section is related to ISO 687:1974, published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The principal difference is that in the method described in ISO 687 the weighing dish
16、is cooled in a desiccator instead of in an atmosphere of nitrogen. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 08:05:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1016-104.2:1991 BSI 07-1999iii There may be alternative methods for carrying out this determination which are more rapid an
17、d/or less labour-intensive than the reference method described in this Section of BS 1016. Work is in hand on the preparation of a standard for the validation of such alternative methods. It is important to demonstrate that an alternative method is free from bias when compared to this reference meth
18、od, and will give a level of repeatability which is the same as or better than that quoted for the reference method (see clause 9). WARNING NOTE. This British Standard does not necessarily detail all the precautions necessary to comply with the requirements of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act
19、1974 or the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1988. Attention should be paid to any appropriate precautions and the method should be operated only by trained personnel. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Sta
20、ndards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 and 2, an inside back cover and a back cover. This
21、 standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 08:05:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv blank Licensed Copy: sheffi
22、eldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 08:05:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1016-104.2:1991 BSI 07-19991 0 Introduction As coke is hygroscopic, its moisture content will vary with change of humidity of the atmosphere. Therefore, the moisture in the general analysis sample has to be dete
23、rmined whenever portions are weighed out for other analytical determinations (for example, volatile matter content, calorific value, cabon and hydrogen content) and when results are required on a dry basis. If all the portions taken for analysis are weighed out on the same day and at about the same
24、time, one test for moisture content should suffice. 1 Scope This Section of BS 1016 describes a reference method for determining the moisture content of the general analysis sample of coke. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Definit
25、ions For the purposes of this Section of BS 1016, the definitions given in BS 1017-2 apply, together with the following. moisture in the general analysis sample moisture content of the general analysis sample of a solid mineral fuel after it has attained approximate equilibrium with the atmosphere i
26、n the laboratory and which is removable under specified conditions 3 Principle A known mass of the coke is heated in air at between 190 C and 210 C (see note 1 to 7.2) and maintained at this temperature until constant in mass. The moisture content is calculated from the loss in mass of the coke. 4 R
27、eagent 4.1 Nitrogen, dry and containing less than 10 L of oxygen per litre. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Balance, capable of weighing to the nearest 0.1 mg. 5.2 Air oven, capable of maintaining a temperature within the range 190 C to 210 C (see note 1 to 7.2) and in which the atmosphere changes from 3 times to 8
28、 times per hour. 5.3 Weighing dishes, shallow, of glass with ground-on covers or of corrosion-resistant metal with well-fitting covers, of such a size that the mass of coke per unit area does not exceed 0.15 g/cm2 (see note 2 to 7.2). 5.4 Cooling vessel, with provision for the nitrogen to pass throu
29、gh it at about 15 volumes per hour. NOTEThe provision of a metal plate, preferably of aluminium, inside the vessel will increase the rate of cooling. 6 Preparation of test sample The coke used for the determination of moisture content is the general analysis sample, ground to pass a sieve of 212 m a
30、perture (see BS 1017-2). Expose the sample in a thin layer for the minimum time required for the moisture content to reach approximate equilibrium with the laboratory atmosphere. Immediately before weighing out the test portion (see 7.1), mix the test sample for not less than 1 min, preferably by me
31、chanical means. 7 Procedure 7.1 Test portion Weigh, to the nearest 0.1 mg, a clean, dry, empty weighing dish (5.3) with its cover. Add 1 g to 2 g of the test sample to the dish in an even layer and reweigh the dish, cover and test portion to the nearest 0.1 mg. 7.2 Determination Transfer the dish co
32、ntaining the test portion (see 7.1), without its cover, to the oven (5.2), preheated to a temperature within the range 190 C to 210 C (see note 1), and heat the dish at that temperature for a minimum of 60 min (see notes 2 and 3). Remove the dish from the oven and replace its cover. Transfer the dis
33、h to the cooling vessel (5.4) through which the nitrogen (4.1) is passing at about 15 volumes per hour, and weigh the dish, to the nearest 0.1 mg, when cool. For further periods each of at least 10 min, reheat the dish without its cover at the same temperature as before, then cool and reweigh it wit
34、h its cover to the nearest 0.1 mg, until any further change in mass on successive weighings does not exceed 1 mg. NOTE 1The time taken for the determination can be considerably shortened if drying is carried out at a temperature of 320 C in an atmosphere of nitrogen, when heating for 1 h will usuall
35、y suffice. NOTE 2The mass per unit area of the coke layer may be increased up to 0.25 g/cm2, provided that the heating time is increased sufficiently (see note 3). NOTE 3Heating for 4 h is normally sufficient if the mass of coke per unit area does not exceed 0.15 g/cm2, but if the mass per unit area
36、 is 0.25 g/cm2, 6 h will probably be required. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 08:05:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1016-104.2:1991 2 BSI 07-1999 8 Expression of results The moisture content of the coke, expressed as a percentage by mass, is given by the form
37、ula: where m1 is the mass of the empty dish plus cover (in g); m2 is the mass of the dish plus cover plus coke before heating (in g); m3 is the mass of the dish plus cover plus coke after heating (in g). Report the result to the nearest 0.1 % (m/m). NOTEIt is recommended that the result is calculate
38、d as the mean of duplicate determinations. 9 Precision 9.1 Repeatability The results of duplicate determinations, carried out in the same laboratory by the same operator with the same apparatus on representative portions weighed out at the same time from the same test sample, should not differ by mo
39、re than 0.1 % (m/m). 9.2 Reproducibility Since the humidity conditions in different laboratories will vary, it is not practical to quote a limiting value for reproducibility. 10 Test report The test report shall include the following: a) the identification of the sample; b) the reference to the meth
40、od used, i.e. BS 1016-104.2:1991; c) the results expressed in accordance with clause 8; d) any unusual features noted during the determination; e) any operations not specified in this standard or regarded as optional. m2m3 m2m1 -100 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 08:05:57 GMT
41、+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1016-104.2:1991 BSI 07-1999 Publication(s) referred to BS 1017, Sampling of coal and coke. BS 1017-2, Methods for sampling of coke. ISO 687, Coke Determination of moisture in the analysis sample1). 1) Referred to in the foreword only. Licensed Copy: sheffie
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