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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 1881-102: 1983 Incorporating Amendment Nos. 1 and 2 Testing concrete Part 102: Method for determination of slump UDC 666.972.017:691.32:620.1 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 08:24:58 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1881-102:1983 This British S
2、tandard, having been prepared under the direction of the Cement, Gypsum, Aggregates and Quarry Products Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 31 May 1983 BSI 12-1998 The Following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Commit
3、tee reference CAB/4 Draft for comment 81/12319 DC ISBN 0 580 11922 X Committees responsible for this British Standard This British Standard was published under the direction of the Cement, Gypsum, Aggregates and Quarry Products Standards Committee CAB/. Its preparation was entrusted to Technical Com
4、mittee CAB/4 upon which the following bodies were represented: British Aggregate Construction Materials Industries British Precast Concrete Federation Ltd. British Ready Mixed Concrete Association Cement Admixtures Association Cement and Concrete Association Cement Makers Federation Concrete Society
5、 Limited County Surveyors Society Department of the Environment (PSA) Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment) Department of the Environment (Transport and Road Research Laboratory) Department of Transport Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales Federation of Civil En
6、gineering Contractors Greater London Council Institute of Concrete Technology Institution of Civil Engineers Institution of Highway Engineers Institution of Municipal Engineers Institution of Structural Engineers Institution of Water Engineers and Scientists National Federation of Building Trades Em
7、ployers Royal Institute of British Architects Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors Sand and Gravel Association Limited Society of Chemical Industry The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: British Civil Engineering Test Equipme
8、nt Manufacturers Association Coopted members Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.Date of issueComments 6090July 1989 6727July 1991Indicated by a sideline in the margin Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 08:24:58 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1881-102:1983
9、BSI 12-1998i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1Scope1 2Definitions1 3Apparatus1 4Sampling1 5Preparing the sample for test1 6Procedure2 7Expression of results2 8Report3 Table 1 Precision data for slump measurements (single determination)2 Table 2 Precision data for
10、slump measurements (duplicate determinations)2 Publications referred toInside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 08:24:58 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1881-102:1983 ii BSI 12-1998 Foreword This Part of this British Standard, prepared under the directio
11、n of the Cement, Gypsum, Aggregates and Quarry Products Standards Committee, is a revision of clause 2 of BS 1881-2:1970. Minor modifications have been made to the method for the determination of slump, in particular the number of layers in the test has been reduced from four to three. Testing in ac
12、cordance with this Part of this standard will comply with ISO 4109. Together with Parts 103, 104, 106 and 107, this Part of BS 1881 supersedes BS 1881-2:1970, which is withdrawn. Reference is made to BS 1881-101 for sampling. An alternative method of sampling is permitted for the measurement of slum
13、p of concrete delivered in a truck. This alternative method is only permitted for the slump test as no data are available at the present time for its use for the methods of test given in other Parts of this standard. Four methods of determining the workability of concrete are given in BS 1881, these
14、 being the slump, compacting factor, Vebe and flow. The methods are appropriate to concrete mixes of different workabilities as follows: There are no unique relationships between the values yielded by the four tests. Relationships depend upon such factors as the shape of the aggregate, the sand frac
15、tion and the presence of entrained air. This test is not suitable for concrete having a measured slump less than 5 mm or more than 175 mm. An estimate is given for repeatability but not for reproducibility. Reference should be made to BS 5497-1 for further information on the determination of repeata
16、bility and reproducibility. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. WorkabilityMe
17、thod Very lowVebe time LowVebe time, compacting factor MediumCompacting factor, slump HighCompacting factor, slump, flow Very highFlow Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 4, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has
18、 been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 08:24:58 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1881-102:1983 BSI 12-19981 1 Scope This
19、Part of this British Standard describes a method for determination of slump of cohesive concrete of medium to high workability. The method applies to plain and air-entrained concrete, made with lightweight, normal weight or heavy aggregates having a nominal maximum size of 40 mm or less but not to a
20、erated concrete and no-fines concrete. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on an inside back cover. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this Part of this British Standard the definitions given in BS 5328, BS 1881-101 and BS 5497-1 apply. 3 Apparatus 3.1 Mould. Mo
21、uld made of metal1) not readily attacked by cement paste and not thinner than 1.5 mm. The interior of the mould shall be smooth and free from projections such as protruding rivets and shall be free from dents. The mould shall be in the form of a hollow frustum of a cone having the following internal
22、 dimensions: The base and the top shall be open and parallel to each other and at right angles to the axis of the cone. The mould shall be provided with two handles at two-thirds of the height, and with foot pieces to enable it to be held steady. A mould which can be clamped to a baseplate is accept
23、able as an alternative if the clamping arrangement can be released without movement of the mould. 3.2 Scoop, approximately 100 mm wide. 3.3 Sampling tray, minimum dimensions 900 mm 900 mm 50 mm deep, of rigid construction and made from a non-absorbent material not readily attacked by cement paste. 3
24、.4 Square mouthed shovel, size 2 in accordance with BS 3388. 3.5 Tamping rod, made out of straight iron or steel bar of circular cross section, 16 1 mm diameter and 600 5 mm long, with both ends hemispherical. 3.6 Rule, graduated from 0 mm to 300 mm at 5 mm intervals, the zero point being at one end
25、 of the rule. 3.7 Funnel (optional). Funnel made from a non-absorbent material1) not readily attacked by cement paste. The funnel shall comprise two co-axial conical frustums having a common diameter of 100 mm, the ends being of greater diameter, one frustum to act as a filling funnel and the other
26、as a collar to enable the funnel to be located on the outer surface of the mould. 4 Sampling 4.1 General method. Obtain the sample of fresh concrete by the procedure given in BS 1881-101 or BS 1881-125. Commence the determination of slump as soon as possible after sampling. 4.2 Alternative method. I
27、f the concrete is delivered in a mixing or agitating truck, the slump may be measured using a sample obtained from the initial discharge. When this is done take a sample, after allowing a discharge of approximately 0.3 m3, of six standard scoopfulls, collected from the moving stream in a bucket or o
28、ther suitable container. Remix the sample on a non-absorbent surface and sub-divide into two parts. Test each part for slump. 5 Preparing the sample for test Empty the sample from the container(s) onto the sampling tray. Ensure that no more than a light covering of slurry is left adhering to the con
29、tainer(s). Thoroughly mix the sample by shovelling it to form a cone on the sampling tray and turning this over with the shovel to form a new cone, the operation being carried out three times. When forming the cones deposit each shovelful of the material on the apex of the cone so that the portions
30、which slide down the sides are distributed as evenly as possible and so that the centre of the cone is not displaced. Flatten the third cone by repeated vertical insertion of the shovel across the apex of the cone, lifting the shovel clear of the concrete after each insertion. CAUTION. When cement i
31、s mixed with water, alkali is released. Take precautions to avoid dry cement entering the eyes, mouth and nose when mixing concrete. Prevent skin contact with wet cement or concrete by wearing suitable protective clothing. If cement or concrete enters the eye, immediately wash it out thoroughly with
32、 clean water and seek medical treatment without delay. Wash wet concrete off the skin immediately. 1) Galvanized steel is suitable diameter of base:200 2 mm diameter of top:100 2 mm height300 2 mm Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 08:24:58 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c)
33、BSI BS 1881-102:1983 2 BSI 12-1998 6 Procedure Ensure that the internal surface of the mould is clean and damp but free from superfluous moisture before commencing the test. Place the mould on a smooth, horizontal, rigid and non-absorbent surface free from vibration and shock2). Hold the mould firml
34、y against the surface below with the funnel, if used, in position at the top whilst it is filled in three layers, each approximately one-third of the height of the mould when tamped. Tamp each layer with 25 strokes of the tamping rod, the strokes being distributed uniformly over the cross-section of
35、 the layer. Tamp each layer to its full depth, ensuring that the tamping rod does not forcibly strike the surface below when tamping the first layer and just passes through the second and top layers into the layers immediately below. Heap the concrete above the mould before the top layer is tamped.
36、If necessary, add further concrete to maintain an excess above the top of the mould throughout the tamping operation. After the top layer has been tamped, remove the funnel, if fitted, and strike off the concrete level with the top of the mould with a sawing and rolling motion of the tamping rod. Wi
37、th the mould still held down, clean from the surface below any concrete which may have fallen onto it or leaked from the lower edge of the mould. Remove the mould from the concrete by raising it vertically, slowly and carefully, in 5 s to 10 s, in such a manner as to impart minimum lateral or torsio
38、nal movement to the concrete. The entire operation from the start of filling to the removal of the mould shall be carried out without interruption and shall be completed within 150 s. Immediately after the mould is removed, measure the slump to the nearest 5 mm by using the rule to determine the dif
39、ference between the height of the mould and of the highest point of the specimen being tested. NOTE 1Some indication of the cohesiveness and workability of the mix can be obtained if, after the slump measurement has been completed, the side of the concrete is tapped gently with the tamping rod. A we
40、ll proportioned concrete which has an appreciable slump will gradually slump further, but a badly proportioned mix is likely to fall apart. NOTE 2The workability of a concrete mix changes with time due to the hydration of the cement and, possibly, loss of moisture. Tests on different samples should,
41、 therefore, be carried out at a constant time interval after mixing if strictly comparable results are to be obtained. 7 Expression of results 7.1 General. The test is only valid if it yields a true slump, this being a slump in which the concrete remains substantially intact and symmetrical as shown
42、 in Figure 1(a). If the specimen shears, as shown in Figure 1(b), or collapses, as shown in Figure 1(c), take another sample and repeat the procedure. Record the true slump to the nearest 5 mm. 7.2 Precision. Precision data are given in Table 1. These apply to slump measurements made on concrete fro
43、m the same sample and when each test result is obtained from a single slump determination. The values which apply when each test result is obtained as the average of duplicate determinations are given in Table 2. Table 1 Precision data for slump measurements (single determination) Table 2 Precision
44、data for slump measurements (duplicate determinations) NOTE 1The precision data were determined as part of an experiment carried out in 1987 in which precision data were obtained for several of the tests described in BS 1881. The experiment involved 16 operators. The concretes were made using an ord
45、inary Portland cement, Thames Valley sand, and Thames Valley 10 mm and 20 mm coarse aggregates. NOTE 2The difference between two test results from the same sample by one operator using the same apparatus within the shortest feasible time interval will exceed the repeatability value r on average not
46、more than once in 20 cases in the normal and correct operation of the method. NOTE 3Test results on the same sample obtained within the shortest feasible time interval by two operators each using their own apparatus will differ by the reproducibility value R on average not more than once in 20 cases
47、 in the normal and correct operation of the method. NOTE 4For further information on precision, and for definitions of the statistical terms used in connection with precision, see BS 5497-1. 2) A carefully levelled metal plate, of adequate size to support the slumped concrete, placed on a bed of san
48、d is suitable. RangeRepeatability conditions Reproducibility conditions srrsRR mmmmmmmmmm 50 to 805.8169.025 RangeRepeatability conditions Reproducibility conditions srrsRR mmmmmmmmmm 50 to 804.1118.022 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 08:24:58 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy
49、, (c) BSI BS 1881-102:1983 BSI 12-19983 8 Report 8.1 General. The report shall affirm that the test was made in accordance with this Part of this standard. The report shall state whether or not a certificate of sampling is available, if available a copy of the certificate shall be provided. 8.2 Information to be included in the test report 8.2.1 Mandatory information. The following information shall be included in the test report: a) date, time of completion, place and method (general or alternative) of sampling and sample identity number; b) time and place