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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 3378:1986 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Specification for Roomheaters burning solid mineral fuels UDC 683.943:697.243.5 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 08:58:18 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3378:1986 This British Standard, having been prepa
2、red under the direction of the Solid Mineral Fuels Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 31 July 1986 BSI 12-1999 First published May 1961 First revision October 1972 Second revision July 1986 The following BSI references relate to the wo
3、rk on this standard: Committee reference RHE/28 (formerly SFC/9 Draft for comment 83/53151 DC ISBN 0 580 15158 1 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Solid Mineral Fuels Standards Committee (SFC/-) to Technical Committee SFC/9
4、 upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of British Solid Fuel Appliances Manufacturers British Ceramic Tile Council British Foundry Association Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers Consumer Standards Advisory Committee of BSI Copper Cylinder and Boiler Manufact
5、urers Domestic Solid Fuel Appliances Approval Scheme Greater London Council Incorporated Association of Architects and Surveyors Low Temperature Coal Distillers Association of Great Britain Ltd. Metal Trades Organizations National Coal Board National Fireplace Council Manufacturers Association Natio
6、nal Society for Clean Air Solid Fuel Advisory Service Solid Smokeless Fuels Federation Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.Date of issueComments 6139May 1990Indicated by a sideline in the margin Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 08:58:18 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy
7、, (c) BSI BS 3378:1986 BSI 12-1999i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover Forewordii Section 1. General 1.1Scope1 1.2Definitions1 1.3Calculation of the rated output of roomheaters1 1.4Calculation of the target burning rate1 1.5Refuelling interval2 1.6Firebox capacity of roomheaters2
8、 Section 2. Construction 2.1General3 2.2Front firebars3 2.3Bottomgrate3 2.4Ashpan3 2.5Ashpit4 2.6Combustion controls4 2.7Firedoors and charging doors4 2.8Boiler4 2.9Special requirements for inset roomheaters4 2.10Flue outlet4 2.11Flueways5 2.12Chimney sweeping5 2.13Electrical devices5 2.14Operating
9、tool5 Section 3. Instructions and marking 3.1Instructions6 3.2Marking6 Section 4. Performance requirements 4.1Thermal efficiency7 4.2Thermostat setting7 4.3Target burning rate test in a standard chimney7 4.4Banking and recovery7 4.5Flue gas spillage7 4.6Over-run7 4.7Smoke leakage test7 Appendix A Te
10、st methods for design8 Appendix B Test fuels8 Appendix C Test methods for performance10 Figure 1 Standard setting for testing roomheaters9 Figure 2 Mixing chamber circuit12 Figure 3 Continuous flow circuit13 Table 1 Examples of target burning rate calculations2 Table 2 Minimum thicknesses of non wat
11、er-backed materials3 Publications referred toInside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 08:58:18 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3378:1986 ii BSI 12-1999 Foreword This second revision of this British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the So
12、lid Mineral Fuels Standards Committee and supersedes BS 3378:1972 which is withdrawn. The main technical changes from the previous edition are: a) inclusion of smoke-reducing roomheaters; b) restriction to solid mineral fuels; c) inclusion of requirements for general construction; d) change of requi
13、rements for the ashpan; e) change of requirements for flueways and provision for chimney sweeping; f) inclusion of a smoke leakage requirement and test method; g) change in marking requirements. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of Briti
14、sh Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 16, an inside back cover and a back cove
15、r. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 08:58:18 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3378:1986 BSI 12-199
16、91 Section 1. General 1.1 Scope This British Standard specifies the constructional and performance requirements and describes methods of test for roomheaters (including smoke-reducing roomheaters) designed to burn solid mineral fuels (i.e. bituminous coal, anthracite, Welsh dry steam coal or manufac
17、tured smokeless fuels derived from these coals). The standard covers roomheaters with or without a boiler and with manual or thermostatic control. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 1.2 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, t
18、he definitions given in BS 1846-1, BS 6100-1.5.1 and BS 3323 apply together with the following. 1.2.1 target burning rate of front fed roomheaters for test purposes, the average burning rate required to burn a stated proportion of the fuel capacity for the particular fuel during the refuelling inter
19、val 1.2.2 target burning rate of hopper fed roomheaters for test purposes, the average burning rate required to burn the whole of the fuel capacity of the hopper during the refuelling interval 1.2.3 normal draught a draught arising from a pressure differential of 0.125 mbar1) or such greater draught
20、 necessary to be applied in the flue loss test rig to achieve the target burning rate NOTEFor details of the flue loss test rig, see BS 3250-1. 1.2.4 high draught a draught arising from a pressure differential of 0.5 0.02 mbar1) applied in the flue loss test rig to simulate installation of an applia
21、nce with a tall chimney 1.3 Calculation of rated output of roomheaters The rated outputs in terms of water heating and direct room heating of roomheaters shall be expressed in kilowatts to the nearest 0.1 kW. The water heating rated output W (in kW) and direct room heating rated output D (in kW) sha
22、ll be calculated from the following equations: where NOTE 1For coke, C = 30 240 kJ/kg. For anthracite and bituminous coal, C is determined by analysis of the batch of test fuel used (see BS 1016-5). NOTE 2For tests carried out according to BS 3250-1:1973, EW is the boiler efficiency B, determined as
23、 in 6.7 of that standard and ED is given by EB, where E is the total efficiency, determined as in 6.3 of that standard. For tests carried out according to BS 3250-2:1961, EW is the boiler efficiency Eb, determined as in clause 25 of that standard and ED is given by Ec + Er, where Ec and Er are the c
24、onvection and radiation efficiencies, determined as in clauses 23 and 24 respectively of that standard. 1.4 Calculation of the target burning rate The target burning rate, T, on a dry fuel basis, (in kg/h) shall be calculated and expressed to the nearest 0.01 kg/h from equation (3): where NOTEThe bu
25、lk density of each test fuel is determined individually (see A.1). The maximum permissible proportions of firebox capacity by volume, f, shall be: 0.648 for test fuel B of dry bulk density 0.445 kg/dm3 0.670 for anthracite 0.750 for coal Examples of the calculation for an appliance with a firebox ca
26、pacity of 21.3 dm3 are given in Table 1. 1) 1 mbar = 100 N/m2 = 100 Pa. W = 2.78 TCEW 106(1) D = 2.78 TCED 106(2) Tis the target burning rate, on a dry fuel basis (in kg/h), (see 1.4); Cis the gross calorific value, on a dry fuel basis (in kJ/kg), (see note 1); EWis the water heating efficiency (in
27、%), (see note 2); EDis the direct room heating efficiency (in %), (see note 2). (3) fis the maximum proportion by volume (see below) of the firebox capacity to burn during the refuelling interval for the particular fuel; xis the bulk density of fuel, on a dry fuel basis (in kg/dm3) (see note); yis t
28、he firebox capacity of the appliance (in dm3) for front fed appliances, or the hopper capacity (in dm3) for hopper fed appliances; zis the refuelling interval (in h). T fxy z -= Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 08:58:18 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3378:1986 2
29、BSI 12-1999 1.5 Refuelling interval The refuelling interval of front loaded appliances shall be not less than 4 h. For hopper fed appliances and appliances intended to burn anthracite or smokeless fuels whose bulk density exceeds 0.640 kg/dm3, the refuelling interval shall be not less than 6 h. 1.6
30、Firebox capacity of roomheaters When determined by the method described in A.1 using the appropriate fuel specified in Appendix B, the firebox capacity, expressed to an accuracy of 0.10 dm3 shall be not less than 10.0 dm3. If the appropriate fuel is to be coke, this shall be sized 19 mm to 31.5 mm s
31、quare hole. Table 1 Examples of target burning rate calculations Appliance typeTest fuelfxyzT kg/dm3dm3hkg/h Front fedTest fuel B0.6480.44521.341.54 Anthracite0.6700.7721.361.83 Coal0.7500.6121.342.44 Hopper fedTest fuel B10.44521.361.58 Anthracite10.7721.362.73 Coal10.6121.362.17 Licensed Copy: she
32、ffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 08:58:18 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3378:1986 BSI 12-19993 Section 2. Construction 2.1 General The body of the appliance shall be constructed of cast iron or steel plate. Materials for construction of parts of the appliance that are in contact
33、with the fuel or flue gases and are not water-backed shall comply with the minimum thickness requirements given in Table 2. Provision shall be made for parts which form a seal to be located securely to prevent the leakage of air or combustion products between the firebox, the flue and the convection
34、 chamber. Joints between metal surfaces in the firebox or flue gas passageway shall be air-tight and shall be welded, seam welded, riveted, or bolted. No joint shall depend primarily on fire cement for air-tightness. Where a seal is to be made with fire cement, the gaps shall be small and the cement
35、 shall be well supported by the adjacent metal surfaces. Component parts known to require periodic replacement shall be so designed that they cannot be fitted incorrectly and shall bear identifying marks to facilitate replacement. NOTE 1Such parts should be easily replaceable. Provision shall be mad
36、e for fixing the roomheater to the hearth. The finish shall show no crazing or melting during the testing for compliance with the performance requirements (see section 4). NOTE 2The finish should be durable and such that it can be easily cleaned. 2.2 Front firebars Front firebars shall be: a) either
37、: 1) horizontal when considered from side to side of the fire; or 2) vertical; b) replaceable; c) of a design such that they can neither be incorrectly fitted nor be accidentally dislodged. In the case of horizontal front firebars, the design shall be such that a 19 mm diameter rod cannot be inserte
38、d horizontally either between adjacent bars or between the firebars and the lower edge of the firefront opening. When considered from the front to the back of the fire, the top surface of the bars shall slope down towards the fuel bed. In the case of vertical front firebars, the distance between the
39、 bars shall not exceed 15 mm. For appliances without separate charging doors, the distance between the top firebar and the upper edge of the firedoor opening shall be at least 100 mm to facilitate charging. 2.3 Bottomgrate The bottomgrate shall be capable of being removed and shall be designed or ma
40、rked to ensure correct assembly. It shall be fitted with a de-ashing mechanism which shall be capable of de-ashing the fuel bed. NOTEThe preferred design should allow de-ashing to be carried out with the firedoor(s) and any ashpit cover closed. The de-ashing operation should be accomplished without
41、undue effort. If it is necessary to open the firedoor(s) or to remove the ashpit cover to de-ash the fire, the appliance shall be designed such that there is no undue spillage of ash or fuel from the appliance during the de-ashing operation. 2.4 Ashpan The ashpan shall be constructed of steel of min
42、imum thickness 0.91 mm. The capacity, when assessed geometrically, shall be not less than 20 % of the firebox capacity of the appliance. NOTEThe ashpan should be designed to ensure that: a) it effectively collects the ash from the whole area of the bottomgrate; b) it can be easily and safely withdra
43、wn when hot, using the tools provided, without undue spillage of ash; c) it does not distort to an extent that makes it unsuitable for use. Table 2 Minimum thicknesses of non water-backed materials ComponentCast ironLow carbon steelStainless steelaVitreous enamelled steelb mmmmmmmm Firebox without r
44、efractory lining54.72Not suitableNot suitable with refractory lining32.750.9Not suitable Flueways32.750.91.8 a Grades 316S11, 316S13, 316S31, 316S33 of BS 1449-2:1985. b Enamelled both sides; acid resistant to BS 3831. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 08:58:18 GMT+00:00 2006, U
45、ncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3378:1986 4 BSI 12-1999 2.5 Ashpit The height from the bottom of the inside of the ashpan to the underside of the bottomgrate shall at no point be less than 75 mm. The ashpit cover shall be designed to ensure that: a) it is not prevented from closing by spilled undergrat
46、e material; b) it maintains an effective seal of the ashpit opening and the clearance does not exceed 0.25 mm at any point. NOTEIt is strongly recommended that: 1) the distance between the lower edge of the ashpit cover and the hearth should be not less than 6 mm; 2) it should be difficult to dislod
47、ge the cover accidentally; 3) the cover can be removed and replaced easily, when hot with the tool(s) provided. 2.6 Combustion controls The supply of the combustion air shall be either by natural draught or fan assisted. Where a roomheater has a boiler with a rated output exceeding 7.5 kW, a water-t
48、emperature actuated thermostat shall be used to control the combustion air; in other cases air control shall be either thermostatic or manual. When closed, the clearance of any air control shall not exceed 0.25 mm, and the thermostat by-pass, if fitted, shall be capable of adjustment. Each thermosta
49、t shall be identified by maker and model number and shall indicate the cold setting distance (see 3.1). NOTEIt is recommended that the design should be such that during operation of the appliance, neither ash nor unburnt fuel can prevent closure of the air control. 2.7 Firedoors and charging doors Firedoors and charging doors shall fit closely to the appliance body and shall be designed to prevent accidental opening and to facilitate positive closure. Door seals shall be either metal to metal or of flexible non-combustible fibre. The fit between th