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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 3537:1979 Specification for Gudgeon pins up to 200 mm diameter UDC 621 242.43 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 04:05:21 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3537:1979 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Mechanical
2、Engineering Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Executive Board on 31 January 1979 BSI 12-1999 First published August 1962 First revision January 1979 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference MEE/123/1 Draft for comment 77/78402
3、DC ISBN 0 580 10481 8 Cooperating organizations The Mechanical Engineering Standards Committee, under whose direction this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations: Associated Offices Technical Co
4、mmittee Association of Consulting Engineers Association of Hydraulic Equipment Manufacturers Association of Mining Electrical and Mechanical Engineers British Compressed Air Society British Electrical and Allied Manufacturers Association (BEAMA) British Gas Corporation British Gear Manufacturers Ass
5、ociation British Internal Combustion Engine Manufacturers Association* British Pump Manufacturers Association British Steel Corporation British Steel Industry Chartered Institution of Building Services Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations Department of Industry, Mechanical Engine
6、ering Department of Industry, National Engineering Laboratory Department of the Environment Department of Trade (Marine Division) Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales Engineering Equipment Users Association Federation of Manufacturers of Construction Equipment and Cranes Health and Safet
7、y Executive Institution of Gas Engineers Institution of Mechanical Engineers* Institution of Plant Engineers Institution of Production Engineers London Transport Executive Machine Tool Trades Association Ministry of Defence National Coal Board Oil Companies Materials Association Process Plant Associ
8、ation Railway Industry Association of Great Britain Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Limited* Telecommunication Engineering and Manufacturing Association (TEMA) Water-tube Boilermakers Association The organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, wer
9、e directly represented on the committee entrusted with the preparation of this British Standard: British Cast Iron Research Association British Rubber Manufacturers Association Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.Date of issueComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 04
10、:05:21 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3537:1979 BSI 12-1999i Contents Page Cooperating organizationsInside front cover Forewordii 1Scope1 2References1 3Gudgeon pin designs1 4Basic design features1 5Plain pins, end face located4 6Plain pins, not end face located4 7Chamfer locking with
11、round wire circlips5 8Button or end pad pins5 9Pins located by clamp bolts6 10Pins secured by set screw6 11Materials6 12Case hardening7 13Quality requirements7 14Measuring procedures9 15Magnetic flaw detection10 Appendix A Typical material specifications (with oversea equivalents)12 Figure 1 Plain g
12、udgeon pin1 Figure 2 Form tolerance2 Figure 3 Alternative outer edge forms4 Figure 4 Plain circlip location4 Figure 5 Chamfer locking with round wire circlips5 Figure 6 Button or end-pad type pin5 Figure 7 Clamp groove pins5 Figure 8 Set screw location6 Figure 9 Diameter reduction at pin ends7 Figur
13、e 10 Measurement of outside diameter9 Figure 11 Measurement of inside diameter and concentricity/radial wall thickness9 Figure 12 Measurement of length10 Figure 13 Measurement of runout of end faces10 Figure 14 Measurement of length and runout of end faces (alternative combined method)10 Figure 15 M
14、agnetization: conducting bar11 Table 1 Dimensions for outside diameter2 Table 2 Surface texture on outside diameter3 Table 3 Limits on inside diameter3 Table 4 Concentricity of bore to outside diameter (FIM)3 Table 5 Surface texture of machined finishes in bores3 Table 6 Inside diameter end chamfers
15、3 Table 7 Outer end chamfers or radii4 Table 8 Limits on length4 Table 9 Runout of end faces4 Table 10 Surface texture on ends4 Table 11 Material classification by mechanical properties6 Table 12 Finished case depths7 Table 13 Diameter reduction at pin ends7 Publications referred toInside back cover
16、 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 04:05:21 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3537:1979 ii BSI 12-1999 Foreword This British Standard was prepared under the direction of the Mechanical Engineering Standards Committee and specifies in metric units, the data for a rang
17、e of sizes of standard types of gudgeon pins for reciprocating internal combustion engines. Although the gudgeon pins dealt with in this standard are primarily intended for internal combustion engines, they may also be suitable for use in other types of machinery, as for instance in reciprocating pi
18、ston type compressors. This revision has been prepared primarily to provide a basis for rationalization of design features, materials and other characteristics of gudgeon pins and incorporates current good practice used within the internal combustion engine manufacturing industry. In the preparation
19、 of this standard, consideration was given to the equivalent German DIN Standards for gudgeon pins for reciprocating piston engines. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Co
20、mpliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 12, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may
21、 have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 04:05:21 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3537:1979 BSI 12-19991 1 Scope This British Standard specifies dimensions, surface
22、 textures and other features of design for various types of gudgeon pins, sometimes referred to as piston pins or wrist pins, all of which are case hardened. They are suitable for use in two and four stroke cycle spark and compression ignition reciprocating internal combustion engines. The standard
23、covers pins of 10 mm to 200 mm diameter. Typical applications of various types of gudgeon pins are given. NOTEUnless otherwise specified, all dimensions in this standard are in millimetres. 2 References The titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover.
24、3 Gudgeon pin designs The following designs of gudgeon pins are included. Plain gudgeon pin. A pin with plain cylindrical inner and outer surfaces (see Figure 1). Usually located by flat type rectangular circlips, round wire circlips, or shrunk or pressed in the small end of the connecting rod. Cham
25、fer locking pin. A pin with chamfers on its outer edges which bear against round wire circlips fitted in semi-circular grooves within the gudgeon pin hole (see Figure 5). Button or end pad pin. Usually a plain gudgeon pin but fitted with mushroom shaped pads, tightly fitting into the bore of the pin
26、 (see Figure 6). These pads are used to locate the pin within the cylinder. Clamp groove pins. A pin which is located by means of a bolt which clamps a split connecting rod small end, around the gudgeon pin. The bolt usually encroaches on the gudgeon pin surface in which an accommodating transverse
27、or annular groove is provided, thus locating the pin in the connecting rod see Figure 7(a) and Figure 7(b). Set screw location. A pin which is located by a set screw fitted in a tapped hole through one piston boss. The end of the screw, normally reduced in diameter, engages with a hole provided in t
28、he gudgeon pin (see Figure 8). 4 Basic design features (see Figure 1) 4.1 Outside diameter d1. The dimensions, limits, tolerances on longitudinal form and roundness, and the surface texture shall be as shown in Table 1 and Table 2 and Figure 1 and Figure 2. Where the pin outside diameter is graded,
29、the number and size range of grades shall correspond to the number and size range of grades in the gudgeon pin hole and these shall be agreed between the purchaser and the gudgeon pin supplier. Figure 1 Plain gudgeon pin Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 04:05:21 GMT+00:00 2006,
30、 Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3537:1979 2 BSI 12-1999 Table 1 Dimensions for outside diameter Figure 2 Form tolerance Pin length l1 Outside diameter d1 Increments of diameter Limits on d1 Tolerance on longitudinal form Z and roundness K see Figure 2 (a) and Figure 2 (b) u 185 u50Each whole millimet
31、re + 0.000 0.005 0.0015 50 u8002580 + 0.000 0.008 0.002 185 u50Each whole millimetre + 0.000 0.010 0.0025 50 u8002580 + 0.000 0.010 0.0025 All 80 u 10002580 + 0.000 0.010 0.0025 100 u 12002580 + 0.000 0.015 120 u 180050 + 0.000 0.018 0.004 180 u 200050 + 0.000 0.020 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffi
32、eldun, na, Wed Nov 29 04:05:21 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3537:1979 BSI 12-19993 Table 2 Surface texture on outside diameter 4.2 Inside diameter d2 4.2.1 The inside diameter results from the calculation of the pin wall thickness t to give the required pin strength; d2 is then roun
33、ded down to the next whole millimetre. 4.2.2 The limits, concentricity and surface texture on the inside diameter shall be as shown on Table 3, Table 4 and Table 5. NOTEThe type of machined finish should be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier. 4.2.3 The concentricity of the bore d2 to the
34、outside diameter d1 is expressed as the total variation W of the wall thickness measured as described in 14.4. 4.2.4 Where the surface texture exceeds 4 4m Ra, pin bores shall be case hardened (see 12.1). Table 3 Limits on inside diameter Table 4 Concentricity of bore to outside diameter (FIM) Table
35、 5 Surface texture of machined finishes in bores 4.3 Inside diameter end chamfers e (see Figure 1) 4.3.1 All sharp inner edges shall be removed at approximately 45 as given in Table 6. Table 6 Inside diameter end chamfers 4.3.2 Soft bore pins which are broached after hardening shall have a nominal i
36、nternal chamfer of 1.6 mm at 45. 4.4 Outer end chamfers or radii. The outer edges of pins shall be suitably radiused or chamfered to eliminate any possibility of scoring the bore in the piston. The dimensions shall be as given in Figure 3 and Table 7. Pin length l1Outside diameter d1 Surface texture
37、a 4m Ra max. u 185 u800.1 80 u 1400.2 140 u 2000.4 185u 2000.4 a Measured as specified in BS 1134-1. Inside diameter d2Limits on d2 4 u 50 + 0.1 0.4 50 + 0.2 0.8 Wall thickness t Total variation W of wall thickness (see Figure 1) 5 u 121.5 123.0 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29
38、 04:05:21 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3537:1979 4 BSI 12-1999 Table 7 Outer end chamfers or radii 5 Plain pins, end face located (see Figure 4) 5.1 Length l1 5.1.1 The maximum length l1 shall be calculated as follows so as to ensure that the pin fits freely between the circlips in
39、the closest condition (see Figure 4). l1 (max.) = C (min.) 2B (max.) 5.1.2 The limits on the length l1 shall be as given in Table 8. Table 8 Limits on length 5.2 Runout and surface texture. The runout S of each end face to the outside diameter, and the surface texture on the ends shall not exceed th
40、at given in Table 9 and Table 10. Table 9 Runout of end faces Table 10 Surface texture on ends 6 Plain pins, not end face located The following shall apply. a) The tolerance on the pin length shall be 0.25 mm. b) The surface texture on the ends (turned) shall not exceed 6.3 4m. c) The runout of the
41、ends is not important and is controlled by the length tolerance. Figure 3 Alternative outer edge forms Outside diameter d1 Length of chamfer or radius f and radius r u350.2 to 0.6 35 u500.4 to 0.8 50 u 1000.5 to 1.0 100 u 2000.8 to 2.0 Figure 4 Plain circlip location Outside diameter d1Limits on l1
42、25 u 75 + 0.00 0.40 75 + 0.00 0.50 Outside diameter d1Runout S of each end face u 750.10 750.15 Type of machine finish on end faces Surface texture 4m Ra max. Ground1.6 Turned6.3 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 04:05:21 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3537:1979 B
43、SI 12-19995 7 Chamfer locking with round wire circlips (see Figure 5) 7.1 Length l2. The length l2 of the cylindrical portion of the pin between the chamfers shall be calculated from: where Cis the minimum distance to outsides of circlip grooves gis the maximum diameter of circlip wire is the chamfe
44、r angle from cylindrical surface The minimum circlip groove diameter = (d1+ g) The limits of l2 shall be. 7.2 Chamfer angle . It is recommended that the chamfer angle should be between 40 and 45. The limits on shall be 0.25 (see 13.2.1). 7.3 Length l1. The minimum length l1 shall be l2(max.) + g/sin
45、 . The limits on l1 shall be. 8 Button or end pad pins (see Figure 6) 8.1 The maximum length L (over the pads) = Cylinder bore diameter 0.80 mm. The limits on L shall be. 8.2 The tolerances on pins before fitting the pads shall be as specified in clause 5 for end located pins. (The outside diameter
46、shall be finished after fitting the pads.) 8.3 This type of pin shall have nominal inner edge chamfers of 0.8 mm at 45. NOTEThis design is recommended for use when circlips are subjected to impact loadings caused by pin inertia during engine movements. Figure 5 Chamfer locking with round wire circli
47、ps 0.25 mm 0.50 NOTEThe correct end form of the pads is spherical, as shown, to ensure the maximum bearing. Figure 6 Button or end-pad type pin + 0.50 mm 0.00 + 0.00 mm 0.40 Figure 7 Clamp groove pins Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 04:05:21 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy,
48、(c) BSI BS 3537:1979 6 BSI 12-1999 9 Pins located by clamp bolts (see Figure 7) 9.1 Grooves 9.1.1 The form of groove shall be milled or annular. 9.1.2 The limits on the diameter of the groove form shall be 9.1.3 The clamp groove shall be central within 0.35 mm. 9.2 Milled groove see Figure 7 (a). Th
49、e groove depth is normally controlled by the dimensions across the pin on which the limits shall not exceed 9.3 Annular groove see Figure 7 (b). The limits on the groove root diameter shall be 10 Pins secured by set screw (see Figure 8) 10.1 The limits on the diameter of the set screw hole shall be 10.2 The error in the position of the hole shall not exceed 0.125 mm. 10.3 The outer end of the ho