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1、The Authoritative Resource on Safe WaterSM ANSI/AWWA B303-05 (Revision of ANSI/AWWA B303-00) AWWA Standard Effective date: May 1, 2005. First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors June 1, 1967. This edition approved Jan. 16, 2005. Approved by American National Standards Institute Feb. 25, 2005
2、. Sodium Chlorite Advocacy Communications Conferences Education and Training ?Science and Technology Sections 6666 West Quincy Avenue Denver, CO 80235-3098 T 800.926.7337 www.awwa.org ii AWWA Standard This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AW
3、WA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally contained in specifications. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is specified by the use
4、r, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA publication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. AWWA standards are intended to represent a consensus of
5、 the water supply industry that the product described will provide satisfactory service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed on the first page of the classified advertising section of Journal AWWA. The action becomes effective on the first day of
6、 the month following the month of Journal AWWA publication of the official notice. American National Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer
7、, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard.
8、 American National Standards are subject to periodic review, and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard are encouraged to state on their own responsibility in advertising and promotional materials or on tags or labe
9、ls that the goods are produced in conformity with particular American National Standards. CAUTION NOTICE:The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this standard indicates completion of the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revise
10、d or withdrawn at any time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American
11、 National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036; (212) 642-4900. Science and Technology AWWA unites the entire water community by developing and distributing authoritative scientific and technological knowledge. Through its members, AWWA develops industry standar
12、ds for products and processes that advance public health and safety. AWWA also provides quality improvement programs for water and wastewater utilities. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
13、photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of brief excerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher. Copyright 2005 by American Water Works Association Printed in USA iii Committee Personnel The AWWA Standards Committe
14、e on Disinfectants, which reviewed and approved this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval: K. Blake Stark, Chair Gary F. Trojak, Vice-Chair General Interest Members P.E. Cote, Earth Tech, Cumberland, Maine(AWWA) D.J. Gates, Sabre Oxidation Technologies Inc., Citrus Heights,
15、Calif.(AWWA) C.L. McLain,* Moorhead Public Service, Moorhead, Minn.(AWWA) S.J. Posavec,* Staff Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo.(AWWA) K.B. Stark, NSF International, Ann Arbor, Mich.(AWWA) Producer Members W.B. Huebner, USFilter/Wallace in the aqueous form, it contains approximately 40 percent or less by
16、 weight sodium chlorite. Technical sodium chlorite is a white flaked salt with a density of 2ClO2H2O22NaOH+2NaClO22H2OO2+ ClO22OH+ClO2 ClO3 H2O+ OClH2O2+ClO2H2O+ -,-,- viii approximately 56 lb/ft3 (0.90 g/cc). Some material may have a tint of orange, depending on the iron content. Sodium chlorite is
17、 stable when sealed or in solution but can ignite in the presence of organic materials. For this reason, the solution should not be allowed to dry out on floors but should be hosed down with minimum splashing. Sodium chlorite dissolves easily in water at ordinary temperatures to form a pale-yellow s
18、olution. This solution is chemically stable under ordinary temperature and pressure conditions. Solutions above 2530 percent weight per weight (w/w) may crystallize at moderate ambient temperatures. Crystallization temperatures may vary due to solutions originating either from dilution of slurried o
19、r dried materials. Sodium chlorite used for the on-site production of chlorine dioxide for use as a disinfectant in the treatment of drinking water or for pesticidal use in processing plant-flume water, sewage treatment, slime control in paper mills, and bacteria control in oil wells requires US Env
20、ironmental Protection Agency (USEPA) registration. Sodium chlorite to be sold and used for drinking water treatment must be registered under a label or labels indicating these uses. I.B.History.The original ANSI/AWWA Standard for Sodium Chlorite was prepared by Committee 7440P. The standard was appr
21、oved as tentative on Jan. 25, 1965, and made a standard by the AWWA Board of Directors on June 1, 1967. The standard was designated ANSI/AWWA B303-67. The AWWA Standards Committee on Chlorine, Chlorine Compounds, and Related Alkalies prepared the 1988 edition, which was approved by the AWWA Board of
22、 Directors on June 19, 1988. The AWWA Standards Committee on Disinfectants prepared the 1995 edition, which was approved by the AWWA Board of Directors on June 17, 1995. ANSI/AWWA B303-00 was approved on June 11, 2000. This edition was approved on Jan. 16, 2005. I.C.Acceptance.In May 1985, the US En
23、vironmental Protection Agency (USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF International (NSF) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a certification program for all direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other members of the original consortium
24、included the American Water Works Association Research Foundation (AwwaRF) and the Conference of State Health and Environ- mental Managers (COSHEM). The American Water Works Association (AWWA) and the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined later. -,-,- ix In the United Sta
25、tes, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact with, drinking water rests with individual states.* Local agencies may choose to impose requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the health effects of products and drinking water additives from such produc
26、ts, state and local agencies may use various references, including two standards developed under the direction of NSF, NSF/ANSI 60, Drinking Water Treatment ChemicalsHealth Effects, and NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System ComponentsHealth Effects. Various certification organizations may be involved i
27、n certifying products in accordance with NSF/ANSI 60. Individual states or local agencies have authority to accept or accredit certification organizations within their jurisdiction. Accreditation of certification organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Annex A, “Toxicology Review a
28、nd Evaluation Procedures,” to NSF/ANSI 60 does not stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant for substances not regulated by a USEPA final maximum contaminant level (MCL). The MALs of an unspecified list of “unregulated contaminants” are based on toxicity testing guidelines (noncarc
29、inogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of Annex A procedures may not always be identical, depending on the certifier. ANSI/AWWA B303 addresses additives requirements in Sec. 4.3 of the standard. The transfer of contaminants from chemicals to processed water or the residual
30、 solids is becoming a problem of greater concern. The language in Sec. 4.3.3 is a recommendation only for direct additives used in the treatment of potable water to be certified by an accredited certification organization in accordance with NSF/ANSI 60, Drinking Water Treatment ChemicalsHealth Effec
31、ts. However, users of the standard may opt to make this certification a requirement for the product. Users of this standard should also consult the appropriate state or local agency having jurisdiction in order to 1.Determine additives requirements, including applicable standards. 2.Determine the st
32、atus of certifications by all parties offering to certify prod- ucts for contact with, or treatment of, drinking water. 3.Determine current information on product certification. *Persons outside the US should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction. NSF International, 789 N. Dixboro Rd
33、., Ann Arbor, MI 48105. American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036. x II.Special Issues. II.A.Handling, Storage, and Safety Precautions. Aqueous sodium chlorite solution is shipped in stainless-steel and fiberglass tank trucks according to US Departm
34、ent of Transportation (DOT) regulations. The temperature in the tanks is maintained to avoid crystallization. On receipt, the purchaser should dilute the solution appropriately to prevent the crystallization of sodium chlorite. As received in loose-flake form in metal containers, sodium chlorite wil
35、l tolerate some rough handling. Sodium chlorite in contact with acid will react with rapid evolution of chlorine dioxide gas. When heated above 347 F (175 C), dry sodium chlorite will decompose rapidly, liberating oxygen, with the evolution of sufficient heat to make the decomposition self-sustainin
36、g. If the decomposition of sodium chlorite is contained, as in closed containers, the effect is explosive. Therefore, sodium chlorite should be protected at all times from exposure to heat. In case of ignition, normal firefighting equipment is relatively ineffective because sodium chlorite supplies
37、its own oxygen. The temperature of a sodium chlorite fire may exceed 3,992 F (2,200 C), and steam explosions may result if water is sprayed directly on burning material. Mist settings on nozzles should be used to cool burning material after the drums have been isolated. As a general rule, all flamma
38、bles should be kept away from areas where oxidizing agents, such as sodium chlorite, are stored. Sodium chlorite should be stored only in an enclosed space specially prepared for this purpose. This storage area should be kept cool and should be well ventilated and fireproof. Sodium chlorite should b
39、e removed from the storage room only as needed for immediate use. Nonreturnable shipping containers should be properly disposed of as soon as they are empty. The shipping containers should never be used for any other purpose after they are empty. Sodium chlorite is a very active, strongly oxidizing
40、chemical, which, in solid form, reacts strongly with acids, sulfur, combustibles, and organic materials, such as wood, rubber, fats, and oils. When sodium chlorite is to be removed from a drum, a clean nonmetallic scoop or vessel uncontaminated with foreign matter should be used. Dried or caked mate
41、rial should never be chipped or crushed, as ignition may result. Complete instructions for the storage and safe handling of sodium chlorite should be obtained from the manufacturer. Protective clothing should be worn when handling sodium chlorite. Plastic gloves and eye protection should be worn as
42、precautionary measures. Sodium chlorite is xi poisonous if ingested. If any sodium chlorite comes into contact with clothing or other combustible material (such as paper towels or cotton mops), spontaneous ignition may occur upon drying. The clothing or combustible material should be immediately soa
43、ked in water to remove all trace of the sodium chlorite or subsequently incinerated without delay. Refer to material safety data sheets (MSDS) available from the chemical manufacturer or supplier for additional information. III.Use of This Standard.It is the responsibility of the user of an AWWA sta
44、ndard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for use in the particular application being considered. III.A.Purchaser Options and Alternatives.The following items should be pro- vided by the purchaser: 1.Standard usedthat is, ANSI/AWWA B303, Standard for Sodium Chlorit
45、e, of latest revision. 2.Whether compliance with NSF/ANSI 60, Drinking Water Treatment ChemicalsHealth Effects, is required. 3.Method of shipment desired. 4.Quantity and form of sodium chlorite required (Sec. 4.1). 5.Sodium chlorite content required (Sec. 4.2). 6.Size and type of containers (Sec. 6.
46、2). 7.An affidavit of compliance, if required (Sec. 6.3). III.B.Modification to Standard.Any modification to the provisions, defini- tions, or terminology in this standard must be provided by the purchaser. IV.Major Revisions.Major revisions made to the standard in this edition include the following
47、: 1.Sec. III has been revised to approved wording. 2.Sec. III.A has been revised to approved wording. V.Comments.If you have any comments or questions about this standard, please call the AWWA Volunteer and Technical Support Group at (303) 794-7711, FAX (303) 795-7603, or write to the group at 6666
48、West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235-3098, or e-mail at standardsawwa.org. This page intentionally blank. -,-,- 1 AWWA Standard ANSI/AWWA B303-05 (Revision of ANSI/AWWA B303-00) Sodium Chlorite SECTION 1:GENERAL Sec. 1.1Scope This standard describes sodium chlorite, in either solid (granular, flake,
49、 or powdered) or aqueous-solution form, for use in making chlorine dioxide for use in water supply service. Sodium chlorite must be packaged, labeled, and registered according to the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act as administered by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Sec. 1.2Purpose The purpose of this standard is to provide purchasers, manufacturers, and suppliers with the minimum requirements for sodi