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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 3282:1969 Glossary of Terms relating to gas chromatography Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:13:19 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3282:1969 This British Standard, having been approved by the Solid Fuel Industry Standards Committee, was publi
2、shed under the authority of the Executive Board on 23 April 1969 BSI 12-1999 First published September 1963 First revision April 1969 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard Committee references SFE/17 and SFE/17/6 Draft for comment 68/19958 ISBN 580 05138 2 Co-operating org
3、anizations The Solid Fuel Industry Standards Committee, under whose supervision this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations The Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations
4、 marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, were directly represented on the committee entrusted with the preparation of this standard: Association of Boiler Setters, Chimney andGas Council* Furnace ConstructorsHeating and Ventilating Contractors Association of Consultin
5、g EngineersAssociation British Cast Iron Research AssociationImperial Chemical Industries Limited British Coal Utilisation Research Association*Institute of British Foundrymen British Coke Research Association*Institute of Fuel* British Electrical and Allied ManufacturersInstitution of Gas Engineers
6、* AssociationInstitution of Heating and Ventilating British Ironfounders AssociationEngineers British Mechanical Engineering FederationInstitution of Mechanical Engineers British Steel Industry*Iron and Steel Institute* Chamber of Coal TradersLow Temperature Coal Distillers Association Chemical Indu
7、stries Association*of Great Britain, Ltd. Coal Utilisation CouncilMinistry of Housing and Local Government* Coke Oven Managers AssociationMinistry of Power* Combustion Engineering AssociationMinistry of Public Building and Works Confederation of British IndustryNational Coal Board* Council of Ironfo
8、undry AssociationsSociety of British Gas Industries* Domestic Solid Fuel Appliances ApprovalWater-tube Boilermakers Association* CouncilWomens Advisory Council on Solid Fuel Electricity Council, the Central Electricity Generating Board and Area Boards in England and Wales* British Ceramic Research A
9、ssociationMinistry of Technology Warren Spring British Laboratory Ware AssociationLaboratory British Scientific Instrument AssociationScientific Instrument Manufacturers Coal Tar Research AssociationAssociation Gas Chromatography Discussion GroupSociety of Analytical Chemistry Institute of Petroleum
10、Society of Chemical Industry Institute of Water Pollution ControlSociety of Glass Technology Institution of Chemical EngineersStandardization of Tar Products Tests Institution of Civil Engineers Committee Institution of Electrical Engineers Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Li
11、censed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:13:19 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3282:1969 BSI 12-1999i Contents Page Co-operating organizationsInside front cover Forewordii 1General1 2Apparatus2 3Records3 4Column parameters3 Appendix A List of symbols used9 Index10 Figure
12、 16 Figure 27 Figure 38 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:13:19 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3282:1969 ii BSI 12-1999 Foreword In view of the further progress made in chromatographic techniques for the analysis of gases, it was decided in 1968 that the issue
13、of BS 3282 published in 1963 required revision and extension. The present glossary is unchanged in pattern, but contains several revised or new definitions and the distribution of terms within the sections has been substantially altered. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessa
14、ry provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1
15、to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:13:19 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontr
16、olled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3282:1969 BSI 12-19991 1 General No.TermDefinition 101gas chromatographyAny method of chromatography in which the mobile phase is a gas. 102gas-liquid chromatography Any method of gas chromatography in which the stationary phase is a liquid distributed on a solid support. 103g
17、as-solid chromatographyAny method of gas chromatography in which the stationary phase is an active solid. 104programmed temperature gas chromatography A procedure in which the temperature of the column is deliberately changed during a part or the whole of the separation. 105programmed pressure gas c
18、hromatography A procedure in which the inlet pressure of the column is deliberately changed during a part or the whole of the separation. 106programmed flow gas chromatography A procedure in which the carrier gas flow rate is deliberately changed during a part or the whole of the separation. 107liqu
19、id phaseA substance which is liquid but substantially non-volatile at the column temperature and is sorbed on the solid support. 108active solidA solid with sorptive properties which differ for various components of the sample. 109modified sorbentAn active solid whose activity has been limited by th
20、e addition of a modifying liquid. 110stationary phaseThe liquid phase, the active solid or the modified sorbent. 111solid supportNormally an inert solid which supports the stationary phase. In some gas-liquid methods the solid support may also be an active solid. The wall of the column contributes t
21、o the solid support. 112packingThe stationary phase, including any solid support, with which a chromatographic column may be filled. 113mobile phaseThe gas passing through a chromatographic column. 114carrier gasThe gas used to transport the sample through the column. 115auxiliary gasA gas other tha
22、n the carrier gas which is necessary for the functioning of the detector. 116internal standardA compound added to a sample in known concentration for the purpose of eliminating the need to measure the size of sample injected for quantitative analysis. 117markerA compound of known retention time, add
23、ed to a sample to assist in identifying the components. 118effluentThe gas emerging from a column or from a detector. 119responseThe signal produced by the passage of a component through the detector. 120response factorThe detector response per unit quantity of component present. 121relative respons
24、e factorThe ratio of the response factors of two substances, one of which may be a standard. 122normalizationThe arithmetical process of expressing a quantity (e.g. peak area or weight) as a percentage of the sum of all like known quantities. 123backflushThe reversal of direction of flow through the
25、 column, after some components have been eluted, to remove those of long retention time. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:13:19 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3282:1969 2 BSI 12-1999 2 Apparatus No.TermDefinition 124conditioning THERMAL AGEING Treatment of a c
26、olumn, usually at a temperature above that of normal operation and with the carrier gas flowing, before connecting the column to the detector. 125peak integrationThe determination of the area of a chromatographic peak (see 216 and 303). 126dynamic rangeThe interval between the smallest input to a de
27、vice which produces a detectable response and that input which produces the maximum measurable response, without adjustment. (Controls may be added to extend the total range of a device beyond its dynamic range.) 127linear dynamic rangeThe portion of the dynamic range over which the input/output rat
28、io remains sensibly constant. 128dynamic ratioThe ratio of the largest to the smallest inputs defining the dynamic range. 201gas chromatographAn assembly of equipment for performing gas chromatography. 202sample injectorA device by which a sample is introduced into the carrier gas stream. 203bypass
29、injectorA sample injector by means of which the carrier gas can be temporarily diverted through a sample chamber, thus causing the sample to be carried to the column. 204columnThe portion of the apparatus in which chromatographic separation occurs. 205adsorption columnA column containing an active s
30、olid. 206partition columnA column containing an inert solid support coated with a liquid phase. 207packed columnA column filled with packing. 208open tubular columnA column containing stationary phase but having an unobstructed axial channel. 209capillary columnA column of capillary dimensions, gene
31、rally less than 1 mm internal diameter. 210detectorA device whose response is dependent on the composition of the column effluent. 211differential detectorA detector whose response is dependent on the instantaneous difference in composition between the column effluent and the carrier gas. 212integra
32、l detectorA detector whose response is dependent on the total amount of a component passing through it. 213concentration sensitive detector A detector in which the response is proportional to the concentration by volume of component in the column effluent. 214mass sensitive detectorA detector in whi
33、ch the response is proportional to the mass flow rate of a component passing through it. 215absolute detectorA detector which determines directly the quantity of a component present. 216integratorAn automatic device which will integrate a detector signal with respect to time. Licensed Copy: sheffiel
34、dun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:13:19 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3282:1969 BSI 12-19993 3 Records 4 Column parameters No.TermDefinition 301chromatogramA graphical or other presentation of detector signal against time or against volume of carrier gas. (Methods of presentation ot
35、her than graphical are preferably described as chromatographic records.) 302base lineThe portion of the chromatogram produced under operating conditions when no component is emerging from the column. 303peakThe portion of a differential chromatogram showing the response when a component of the sampl
36、e emerges from the column. (CED, Figure 1 and Figure 2.) 304tailingAsymmetry of a peak such that, relative to the base line, the front is steeper than the rear. 305frontingAsymmetry of a peak such that, relative to the baseline, the front is less steep than the rear. 306peak baseAn interpolation, be
37、tween the extremities of the peak, of the line which a differential chromatogram would have followed if the sample component under which the peak base is drawn had not been present. (CD, Figure 1 and Figure 2.) 307peak areaThe area enclosed between the peak and the peak base. (CHEJDC, Figure 1 and F
38、igure 2.) 308peak maximumThe point on the peak at which the ordinate to the peak base is a maximum. (E, Figure 1 and Figure 2.) 309peak heightThe intercept on the ordinate between the peak maximum and the peak base. (BE, Figure 1 and Figure 2.) 310peak widthThe projection on the horizontal axis of t
39、he segment of the peak base intercepted between tangents to the inflection points of the peak. (FG, Figure 1; FG, Figure 2.) 311peak width at half height The horizontal distance (PQ, Figure 1; PQ, Figure 2) between two vertical lines of half peak height (PH, QJ) joining the peak to the peak base. 31
40、2“air” peakThe response produced by a sample component which is not retarded by the column. (A, Figure 1 and Figure 2.) 313stepThe change of base line position in an integral chromatogram caused by the elution of a component of the sample. (L to M, Figure 1.) 314step heightThe difference in value of
41、 the ordinate before and after a step. (KL or LM, Figure 1.) 401solid volume (VS)The effective volume occupied by the active solid and/or the solid support in a column. 402liquid volume (VL)The volume occupied by the liquid phase in a column. If wL is the mass of liquid in the column and L is its de
42、nsity at the column temperature, then VL = wL/L. 403gas volume (VG)The total volume of a column less the solid and liquid volumes. 404phase ratio (“)The ratio of the gas volume to the liquid volume in a partition column, viz. “ VG VL - -= Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:13:
43、19 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3282:1969 4 BSI 12-1999 No.TermDefinition 405flow rate (Fc)The volumetric flow rate of the carrier gas, measured at the column outlet temperature and pressure. 406retention time (tR)The time between injection of the sample and emergence of the peak ma
44、ximum of a stated component. (OB, Figure 1; OB, Figure 2, on a time scale.) 407retention volume (VR)The volume of carrier gas passing through the column between the injection of the sample and the emergence of the peak maximum of a stated component. (OB, Figure 1; OB, Figure 2, on a volume scale; VR
45、= tRFc.) a408 gas hold-up volume (VM)The volume of carrier gas at the column outlet temperature and pressure required to elute an unretarded compound (see 312). (OA, Figure 1; OA, Figure 2.) 409mean carrier velocity ()The ratio of the column length (L) to the gas hold-up time, i.e. a410 adjusted ret
46、ention volume (VR) The retention volume less the gas hold-up volume, i.e. VR = VR VM. (AB, Figure 1; AB, Figure 2.) 411pressure gradient correction factor (j) A factor relating to a column of uniform diameter and composition, which corrects for the elasticity of the mobile phase. If pi, po are the p
47、ressures of the carrier gas at the inlet and outlet then a412 net retention volume (VN)The adjusted retention volume multiplied by the pressure gradient correction factor, i.e. VN = jVR. a413 specific retention volume (Vg) The net retention volume per gramme of stationary phase, corrected to 0 C i.e
48、. Vg = 273.15 VN/TwL, where T is the absolute temperature of the column. 414relative retention (r)The retention volume of a substance related to that of a reference material under identical conditions. If subscripts 1 and 2 refer to the substance and reference material respectively, then Note that i
49、s not equal to 415partition coefficient (K)The ratio of the weight of solute per unit volume of the stationary phase to the weight of solute per unit volume of the mobile phase, i.e. 416capacity ratio (K)The ratio of the weight of solute in the stationary phase to the weight of solute in the mobile phase at equilibrium, i.e. K = a With constant flow rate, these definitions can be referred to a time instead of a volume basis. u u LFc VM -= VR1 VR2 - VR1 VR2 - - K “ - - Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed