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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 1133-7.1: 1986 Packaging code Section 7: Paper and board wrappers, bags and containers Subsection 7.1 Wrapping papers UDC 621.798.156:676.244 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 07:57:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1133-7.1:1986 This British S
2、tandard, having been prepared under the direction of the Packaging and Freight Containers Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 31 January 1986 BSI 03-1999 First published as BS 1133-7, December 1943 First revision, December 1952 Second r
3、evision, May 1967 Third revision as BS 1133-7.1, January 1986 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PKM/503 Draft for comment 84/40129 DC ISBN 0 580 14885 8 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was e
4、ntrusted by the Packaging and Freight Containers Standards Committee (PKM/-) to Technical Committee PKM/503 upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Drum Manufacturers British Paper and Board Industry Federation (PIF) Department of Trade and Industry (Laboratory of the Govern
5、ment Chemist) Glass Manufacturers Federation Institute of Packaging Metal Packaging Manufacturers Association Ministry of Defence PIRA (the Research Association for the Paper and Board, Printing and Packaging Industries) Pressed Felt Manufacturers Association Process Plant Association Timber Packagi
6、ng and Pallet Confederation Timber Research and Development Association Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.Date of issueComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 07:57:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1133-7.1:1986 BSI 03-1999i Contents Page Committees
7、responsibleInside front cover Forewordii 1Scope1 2Definitions1 3General1 4General purpose wrapping papers2 5Waxed wrapping papers5 6Grease resistant wrapping papers6 7Waterproof wrapping papers8 Figure 1 Four operations in wrapping a parcel3 Table 1 Typical general purpose wrapping papers and their
8、uses4 Table 2 Selection guide for parcel wrapping papers5 Table 3 Typical waxed papers and their uses6 Table 4 Pure vegetable parchment and its uses7 Table 5 Greaseproof and glassine wrapping papers and their uses7 Table 6 Waterproof wrapping papers and their uses9 Publications referred toInside bac
9、k cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 07:57:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1133-7.1:1986 ii BSI 03-1999 Foreword This Subsection of BS 1133, which has been prepared under the direction of the Packaging and Freight Containers Standards Committee, supersedes
10、clauses 1 to 7 of BS 1133-7:1967 which are deleted by amendment. BS 1133 was originally issued in December 1943 and was intended primarily to give guidance on the packaging of Service and other Government supplies. In practice, however, the code was used not only by Government departments and contra
11、ctors, but also by civilian packers and accordingly it was later amended to suit commercial requirements. The Parts were later issued separately and new Sections were added as necessary. Since Section 7 covers many different types of packaging materials it was decided to subdivide it into a number o
12、f separately published Subsections. This Subsection, Subsection 7.1, provides information on available types of wrapping papers and gives guidance on their selection and use. The packaging code now consists of the following Sections all of which are published separately with the exception of Section
13、s 1 to 3 which are published in one volume. Sections 1 to 3: Introduction to packaging; Section 4: Mechanical aids in package handling; Section 5: Protection against spoilage of packages and their contents by micro-organisms, insects, mites and rodents; Section 6: Temporary protection of metal surfa
14、ces against corrosion during transportation and storage; Section 7: Paper and board wrappers, bags and containers; Section 7-7.1: Wrapping papers; Section 7: Chapter 7.5 Fibreboard cases; Section 8: Wooden containers; Section 9: Textile bags, sacks and wrappings; Section 10: Metal containers; Sectio
15、n 11: Packaging felt; Section 12: Cushioning materials (excluding packaging felt); Section 13: Twines and cords for packaging; Section 14: Adhesive closing and sealing tapes; Section 15: Tensional strapping; Section 16: Adhesives for packaging; Section 17: Wicker and veneer baskets; Section 18: Glas
16、s containers and closures; Section 18-1: Terminology; Section 19: Use of desiccants in packaging; Section 21: Regenerated cellulose film, plastics film, aluminium foil and flexible laminates; Section 22: Packaging in plastics containers. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessa
17、ry provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1
18、to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 07:57:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontr
19、olled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1133-7.1:1986 BSI 03-19991 1 Scope This Subsection of BS 1133 gives information on wrapping papers and guidance on their selection and use for packaging purposes. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Definitions
20、 For the purposes of this British Standard the definitions given in BS 3130-2 and BS 3203 apply except as modified in this clause. wrapping paper paper used to provide protection for goods against hazards in transit and storage 3 General 3.1 Uses Wrapping paper is used to provide protection for good
21、s, most commonly against dust and dirt, but also, as appropriate, against water, water vapour, grease and oils. Another use for wrapping paper is to hold several articles together in one neat, easily handled package, which will not sag or fall apart in transit. A wide variety of wrapping materials i
22、s available to the packer, based on plastics films as well as on paper. Polyethylene film, shrink and stretch films are examples of alternatives to paper wrappings. The growth of self-service stores and supermarkets has resulted in a trend towards pre-packaging, often eliminating the need for wrappi
23、ng papers. The choice of wrapping material ultimately depends on the goods to be protected and on the method and conditions of transportation, distribution and storage. This Subsection deals with wrapping papers. Plastics film wrapping materials are covered in BS 1133-21. 3.2 Quality Wrapping papers
24、 are made in a wide range of qualities, many of which are available both bleached and unbleached. The grammage of a paper, also known as its substance or basis weight, is the mass of a given area of paper. It is expressed in grams per square metre (g/m2). BS 3432 describes a method for the determina
25、tion of the grammage of paper. The strength of paper is usually characterized by its bursting strength. Although useful for comparison purposes this property is less important to users of wrapping papers than tensile strength, tear resistance and puncture resistance. Test methods for the determinati
26、on of bursting strength, tensile strength and tear resistance are described in BS 3137, BS 4415 and BS 4468 respectively. Temperature and moisture content can greatly affect the physical properties of paper and it is essential that tests made for comparative or other purposes are carried out under t
27、he standard conditions described in BS 3431. These properties are largely determined by the fibre furnish and the papermaking process. Machine glazed (MG) papers have an attractive appearance and a dense surface to which dust does not readily adhere. Unglazed (UG) and machine finished (MF) papers ar
28、e more pliable and have greater tear resistance than MG papers of equivalent grammage. Further, UG and MF papers are less costly than MG papers. 3.3 Wet strength papers Ordinary wrapping papers will lose most of their physical strength when saturated with water. Paper can be chemically treated durin
29、g manufacture so that it retains an appreciable proportion of its strength when it is saturated. Such paper is known as “wet strength paper”. It is emphasized that wet strength paper is no more water-repellent or resistant to penetration by water or water vapour than ordinary paper. Wet strength pap
30、er may of course be coated or laminated with suitable barrier materials to render it resistant to water and water vapour. Wet strength treatment helps to retain the integrity of wrapping papers used for wet products, e.g. fish, or for packaging exposed to wet conditions. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun s
31、heffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 07:57:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1133-7.1:1986 2 BSI 03-1999 3.4 Corrosivity Some wrapping papers may contain materials which are detrimental to the product to be packed. Metal articles subject to corrosion should be wrapped in acid-free paper with es
32、sentially neutral pH and low chloride and sulphate content. Standard methods for the determination of pH, chloride and sulphate in paper are described in BS 2924. Further information regarding protection against corrosion during transport and storage is given in BS 1133-6. 3.5 Workability Heavy gram
33、mage and hard sized papers such as some MG kraft papers may be too stiff and rigid to handle easily, and their sharp edges may cut packers hands and slow down work rates. In general it is better to use two lighter grammage sheets rather than a single heavy grammage sheet. A double sheet wrapper has
34、the added advantage of being more pliable, with less tendency to spring back on folding. Extensible kraft papers provide improved pliability with increased strength compared with MG kraft papers. 3.6 Food packaging Any paper for use in the wrapping of food has to be free from additives which are tox
35、ic or organoleptically unacceptable. The attention of the suppliers of packaging materials to the food industry is drawn to the requirements of The Materials and Articles in contact with Food Regulations 1978 SI 1927.1) 3.7 Parcelling Wrapping paper alone should be used only for suitable items (see
36、Table 1). Fragile articles, e.g. glass, crockery, electronic or other instruments, need the protection of an outer box and/or cushioning, which may be of tissue paper wrapping, shredded paper padding or alternatives such as plastics foam, air-bubble film or expanded polystyrene. Before being packed
37、in a parcel, irregular shaped objects should first be wrapped in a tough resistant primary wrap to prevent their working through the outer wrapping. Corrugated or reinforced paper may be suitable for this purpose but spunbonded or oriented plastics membranes may also be considered. Hollow spots or i
38、rregular projections should be avoided by filling or cushioning. Tight and compact packing is essential for safe handling. When several loose articles are to be wrapped in a single package these should be bundled together with self-adhesive tape before wrapping. Loss or damage is likely to occur if
39、goods are packed so as to allow any play. When paper is used as the sole protection it is important to choose a wrapper with sufficient tear and puncture resistance for the goods being wrapped. The sheets being used should be large enough to enclose the package completely, allowing an ample overlap,
40、 and folded to cover both ends of the package. Paper should be drawn tightly around the package, and to prevent the rough edge of the paper being exposed the edges should be folded over, giving a double thickness to minimize risk of tearing. The paper overlapping the ends of the package should be fo
41、lded in, preferably at such an angle that the two ends of the fold overlap (see Figure 1). 3.8 Closures External closure of parcels is best effected by means of gummed tape or pressure sensitive tape as specified in BS 3887-1. Tapes should be chosen with sufficient tensile strength to match that of
42、the wrapping paper (see BS 1133-14). Closure of paper wrappings may also be effected by means of heat seal and cold seal coatings. Heat seals, activated by the application of heat and pressure, may be either of the face-to-face (fin) or face-to-back (lap) form. Heat seal coatings are typically, but
43、not exclusively, based on ethylene-vinyl acetate materials or ionomer resins. Cold seal coatings based on natural rubber dispersions enable face-to-face seals to be effected by the application of pressure only. Face-to-back cannot be made since cold seal coatings will adhere only to themselves, not
44、to other surfaces. 4 General purpose wrapping papers 4.1 General General purpose wrapping papers are primarily used to protect package contents from dust and dirt or simply to facilitate handling. Various plastics film and sheet prepackaging systems and cartons are also used for this purpose, e.g. f
45、or point of sale packaging or postal wrapping. Usage areas tend to overlap since more than one type of paper will often provide comparable protection. 1) Obtainable from HMSO. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 07:57:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1133-7.1:1986
46、BSI 03-19993 4.2 Types and grades Types and grades of commonly used wrapping papers are shown in Table 1. 4.3 Characteristics and uses Kraft paper (made from sulphate pulp) provides wrappings combining maximum physical strength with minimum thickness. Extensible kraft papers are particularly tough d
47、ue to their enhanced tensile energy absorption characteristics. Kraft papers are available in both bleached and unbleached versions. Imitation kraft papers, primarily unbleached and containing a major proportion of recycled fibre, are less strong than kraft papers of equivalent grammage. Sulphite, t
48、issues and caps are lighter weight wrapping materials for products not requiring the strength provided by kraft paper. Some “sulphite” having satisfactory performance characteristics may actually be a blend of bleached kraft with recycled fibre. This trend may become more marked due to ecological ef
49、fects of the sulphite process. Major use areas for general purpose wrapping papers are shown in Table 1. 4.4 Selection 4.4.1 General. General purpose wrapping papers are used in such diverse applications that a guide to selection has necessarily to be given only in general terms. The choice of a wrapping paper should be made on the basis of the four main criteria given in 4.4.2 to 4.4.5. 4.4.2 Suitability of material. The types and grades of typical wrapping papers are shown in Table 1 but alternative materials, part