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1、 1 AS 1289.5.4.32006 Standards Australia Australian Standard TM Methods of testing soils for engineering purposes Method 5.4.3: Soil compaction and density testsCompaction control testDry density ratio and moisture ratio using statistical selection of reference values 1 SCOPE This Standard sets out
2、the method for statistically controlling maximum dry density and optimum moisture content values used for the determination of dry density ratio and moisture ratio. It is applicable to material that contains not more than 20% by mass of material, on a wet basis, retained on the 37.5 mm sieve and whe
3、re all test and sample sites have been randomly selected from within an area of work (which is defined as a lot). 2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS The following documents are referred to in this Standard: AS 1289 Methods of testing soils for engineering purposes 1289.1.4.1 Method 1.4.1: Sampling and preparati
4、on of soilsSelection of sampling or test sitesRandom number method 1289.1.4.2 Method 1.4.2: Sampling and preparation of soilsSelection of sampling or test sitesStratified random number method 1289.2.1.1 Method 2.1.1: Soil moisture content testsDetermination of the moisture content of a soilOven dryi
5、ng method (standard method) 1289.2.1.2 Method 2.1.2: Soil moisture content testsDetermination of the moisture content of a soilSand bath method (subsidiary method) 1289.2.1.4 Method 2.1.4: Soil moisture content testsDetermination of the moisture content of a soilMicrowave-oven drying method (subsidi
6、ary method) 1289.2.1.5 Method 2.1.5: Soil moisture content testsDetermination of the moisture content of a soilInfrared lights method (subsidiary method) 1289.2.1.6 Method 2.1.6: Soil moisture content testsDetermination of the moisture content of a soilHotplate drying method (subsidiary method) 1289
7、.2.3.1 Method 2.3.1: Soil moisture content testsEstablishment of correlation Subsidiary method and the standard method 1289.5.1.1 Method 5.1.1: Soil compaction and density testsDetermination of the dry density/moisture content relation of a soil using standard compactive effort 1289.5.2.1 Method 5.2
8、.1: Soil compaction and density testsDetermination of the dry density or moisture content relation of a soil using modified compactive effort AS 1289.5.4.32006 Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 04 Dec 2007 AS 1289.5.4.32006 2 Standards Australia .au AS 1289.5.3.1 Method 5.3.1: Soil compactio
9、n and density testsDetermination of the field density of a soilSand replacement method using a sand-cone pouring apparatus 1289.5.3.2 Method 5.3.2: Soil compaction and density testsDetermination of the field dry density of a soilSand replacement method using a sand pouring can, with or without a vol
10、ume displacer 1289.5.4.1 Method 5.4.1: Soil compaction and density testsCompaction control test Dry density ratio, moisture variation and moisture ratio 1289.5.8.1 Method 5.8.1: Soil compaction and density testsDetermination of field density and field moisture content of a soil using a nuclear surfa
11、ce moisture-density gaugeDirect transmission mode 3 DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this Standard the definitions below apply. 3.1 Lot An area of work that is essentially homogeneous (i.e., produced by the same process and brought to completion at the same time). 3.2 Oversize material Material retain
12、ed on the 19.0 mm sieve or the 37.5 mm sieve, when determining maximum dry density/optimum moisture content as described in AS 1289.5.1.1 and AS 1289.5.2.1. 4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS For a lot to be considered homogeneous the standard deviation of all maximum dry density and optimum moisture content re
13、sults determined on material randomly sampled from within the lot, whether prior to compaction or after, shall not exceed the limiting values shown in Table 1. Where the standard deviation of the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content results exceeds the values in Table 1, testing shall be
14、 carried out in accordance with AS 1289.5.4.1. That is, separate samples shall be taken from immediately around each of the field density sites and the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content of each sample shall be determined. TABLE 1 LIMITING VALUES OF STANDARD DEVIATION OF MAXIMUM DRY DE
15、NSITY AND OPTIMUM MOISTURE CONTENT Maximum dry density Optimum moisture content Layer Standard deviation (t/m3) Standard deviation (%) Base course 0.030 0.5 Sub-base 0.045 1.0 Subgrade, embankments, embankment foundation and general earthworks 0.060 1.5 Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 04 D
16、ec 2007 3 AS 1289.5.4.32006 .au Standards Australia 5 PROCEDURE The procedure shall be as follows: (a) Select the required number of random test sites within the lot by one of the methods described in AS 1289.1.4.1 or AS 1289.1.4.2, as appropriate. NOTE: A contract specification should prescribe the
17、 minimum number of random sample sites. As a general guide a minimum of nine sites is recommended for base and sub-base layers and a minimum of six sites for all other pavement and earthworks layers. (b) Determine the field wet density of the soil () by one of the methods described in AS 1289.5.3.1,
18、 AS 1289.5.3.2 or AS 1289.5.8.1, as appropriate, at each selected test site. (c) Determine the field moisture content at each selected test site. If the field moisture content of the soil has not been determined using a nuclear gauge, determine the moisture content of a representative sample of the
19、portion of the soil, which does not include oversize material (wp), or of the total sample where there is no oversize material (wf), in accordance with AS 1289.2.1.1 or one of the subsidiary AS 1289.2.1.2, AS 1289.2.1.4, AS 1289.2.1.5 or AS 1289.2.1.6, for which a correlation has been determined in
20、accordance with AS 1289.2.3.1. (d) Determine the maximum dry density, optimum moisture content and the percentage and volume of oversize material (if required) by obtaining samples of sufficient size in accordance with AS 1289.5.4.1. NOTE: Sampling prior to compaction may occur, but only when permit
21、ted by the specification and when it can be demonstrated that the field compaction process will not result in a significant alteration of the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content of the material. Where the standard deviation of the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content results
22、 comply with the values in Table 1 it is permissible to reduce the number of samples taken for the determination of the maximum dry density, optimum moisture content and volume of oversize material. The reduced number of randomly selected sample sites for maximum dry density, optimum moisture conten
23、t and volume of oversize material shall be not less than two, or one-third the number of field density determination sites within a lot, whichever is the greater. NOTES: 1 It is recommended that samples be taken from each field density site in case the testing shows that the maximum dry density and
24、optimum moisture content test results exceed the values in Table 1 and when oversize material is present. 2 Samples taken from stabilized material should be compacted within the time permitted in the job specification for completion of compaction in the field. (e) If oversize material is present, pr
25、oceed as follows for samples taken from each field density test site: (i) Determine the mass (m1) of the total material in the as sampled condition and the wet mass of oversize material (mo). Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 04 Dec 2007 AS 1289.5.4.32006 4 Standards Australia .au (ii) Deter
26、mine the volume (Vo) of the oversize material by methods such as measuring its displacement of water using a syphon can or a calibrated volumetric measuring cylinder. NOTES: 1 Highly porous material should be in a moist condition prior to the determination of its volume to minimize absorption of wat
27、er into the material when placed in water. 2 If the oversize material is highly porous, care should be taken to ensure that its displacement of water is measured as soon as possible after the material is placed in water. 3 For highly porous materials that contain a high proportion of voids, includin
28、g surface voids (e.g., scoria), there is not a satisfactory method for determining the bulk volume of the oversize material. (iii) Dry the oversize material to constant mass and determine its mass (mod). 6 CALCULATIONS Calculate as follows: (a) When the provisions of Table 1 have been satisfied, cal
29、culate the mean (dm) and standard deviation of the maximum density (t/m3) and the mean (r) and standard deviation of the optimum moisture content values (%). (b) For each field density test site, if the field moisture content has been determined using a nuclear gauge determine the total dry mass of
30、the material (mt) from the following equation: () () f 1 t 100 100 w m m + = . . . 6(1) where mt = total dry mass of the sample, in grams m1 = total wet mass of the sample, in grams wf = field moisture content of the material, in percent (c) For each field density test site, if the field moisture co
31、ntent has not been determined using a nuclear gauge determine the following: (i) The total dry mass of material (mt) from the following equation: () () p o1 odt 100 100 w mm mm + += . . . 6(2) where mt= total dry mass of the sample, in grams mod= dry mass of oversize material, in grams m1= total wet
32、 mass of the sample, in grams mo= wet mass of the oversize material, in grams wp= moisture content of a representative sample without oversize material, in percent Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 04 Dec 2007 5 AS 1289.5.4.32006 .au Standards Australia (ii) The moisture content of the total
33、 material (wf), as applicable, from the following equation: () t t1 f 100 m mm w = . . . 6(3) where wf= field moisture content of the material, in percent m1= total wet mass of the sample, in grams mt= total dry mass of the sample, in grams (d) For each field density test site, the field dry density
34、 (d) of the material, if it has not been obtained using the nuclear gauge, from the following equation: () f d 100 100 w+ = . . . 6(4) where d = field dry density of the material, in tonnes per cubic metre = field wet density of the material, in tonnes per cubic metre wf = field moisture content of
35、the material, in percent (e) For each field density test site, when required, the percentage of the oversize material on a dry basis (Pod) from the following equation: t od od 100 m m P = . . . 6(5) where Pod = percentage of material by mass retained on a 19.0 mm or 37.5 mm sieve, as applicable, bas
36、ed on the dry mass of the total and oversize material mod = dry mass of oversize material, in grams mt = total dry mass of material, in grams (f) For each field density test site, when oversize material is present, the adjusted maximum dry density (r) and adjusted optimum moisture content (wr) from
37、the following equations: () od ood dm od r 100 100 m VP + = . . . 6(6) () 100 100 odo r Pw w =. . . 6(7) where r = adjusted maximum dry density, in tonnes per cubic metre Pod = percentage of material by mass retained on a 19.0 mm or 37.5 mm sieve, as applicable, based on the dry mass of the total an
38、d oversize material Vo = volume of material retained on a 19.0 mm or 37.5 mm sieve, as applicable, in cubic metres dm = maximum dry density obtained in the laboratory compaction test, in tonnes per cubic metre Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 04 Dec 2007 AS 1289.5.4.32006 6 Standards Austra
39、lia .au mod = dry mass of oversize material, in grams wr = adjusted optimum moisture content, in percent wo = optimum moisture content obtained in the laboratory compaction test, in percent (g) For each field density site as required, the density ratio (RD) as a percentage, the moisture ratio (Rm) a
40、s a percentage and the moisture variation (w) from the following equations: () r d 100 = D R . . . 6(8) () r f m 100 w w R = . . . 6(9) fr www=. . . 6(10) where RD = density ratio, in percent d = field dry density of material, in tonnes per cubic metre r = adjusted maximum dry density, in tonnes per
41、 cubic metre Rm = moisture ratio, in percent wf = field moisture content of material, in percent wr = adjusted optimum moisture content, in percent w = moisture variation from optimum moisture content, in percent 7 TEST REPORT Report the following results and general information as appropriate: (a)
42、The mean and standard deviation of the maximum dry density values, in tonnes per cubic metre to the nearest 0.01. (b) The mean and standard deviation of the optimum moisture content as a percentage to the nearest 0.5. (c) For each field density test site, the dry density ratio and the moisture ratio
43、 as a percentage to the nearest 0.5. NOTES: 1 When the results are to be used for the purpose of statistical analysis, the values may be used to the nearest 0.1%. 2 If a subsidiary method for determination of the moisture content has been used, the accuracy to which moisture content and values calcu
44、lated from moisture content may be reported will depend upon the correlation established using AS 1289.2.3.1. (d) Reference to this test method, i.e., AS 1289.5.4.3. (e) All maximum dry density and optimum moisture contents, adjusted for oversize if applicable, the compactive effort used and, when a
45、pplicable, the reference to, and method used for, the determination of these properties. (f) The percentage, on both dry and wet basis, to the nearest 1% of the oversize material and the sieve size on which the material was retained. Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 04 Dec 2007 7 AS 1289.5.
46、4.32006 .au Standards Australia (g) Whether sampling prior to field compaction for the determination of maximum dry density and optimum moisture content was undertaken. (h) Method used for the determination of field density and for field moisture content. (i) Field density test location and, when ne
47、cessary, elevation. (j) Date of test and time. (k) Soil description, depth tested and, when known, thickness of the soil layer. (l) When stabilized materials have been used, the elapsed time between the addition of the stabilizing agent and laboratory compaction. Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUT
48、ES on 04 Dec 2007 AS 1289.5.4.32006 8 This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee CE-009, Testing of Soils for Engineering Purposes. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 31 March 2006 and published on 7 June 2006. The following are represented on Committee CE-009
49、: Association of Geotechnical Testing Authorities (Qld) Inc. Australian Building Codes Board Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry Australian Geomechanics Society Australian Stabilisation Industry Association AUSTROADS Cement Concrete and Aggregates AustraliaAggregates Certification Interests (Australia) Department of Planning and Infrastructure (NT) Engineering