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1、ANSI S3.7-1995 (ASA 11 2-1 995) REAFFIRMED BY ANSI ON: JUN O 4 1999 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD METHOD FOR COUPLER CALIBRATION OF EARPHONES Accredited Standards Committee S3. Bioacoustics Standards Secretariat Acoustical Society of America 120 Wall Street, 32nd Floor New York, New York 10005-3993 Cop
2、yright Acoustical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with ASA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 04:36:34 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- The American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) is the
3、 na- tional coordinator of voluntary standards development and the clear- ing house in the U.S. for information on national and international standards. The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) is an organization of sci- entists and engineers formed in 1929 to increase and dinise the knowledge of aco
4、ustics and to promote its practical applications. I I Copyright Acoustical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with ASA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 04:36:34 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- STD-
5、ASA S3-7-ENGL 1775 9 01BL440 0004505 LTT 9 ANSI S3.7-1995 (ASA 11 2-1 995) A Revision of ANSI S3.7-1973 (R1986) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Methods for Coupler Calibration of Earphones Secretariat Acoustical Society of America Approved American National Standards Institute, Inc. ABSTRACT The physical
6、 configuration and acoustical performance of couplers for calibration of supra-aural and insert earphones are specified. The standard which is a revision of S3.7-1973, describes a family of 6.0 cm3 and 2.0 cm3 couplers, and provides information on the methods for coupler calibration of the respectiv
7、e supra- aural and insert earphones. The family of 6.0 cm3 couplers includes the NBS 9-A Coupler for testing supra-aural earphones (ANSI S3.6-1989), the Type-1 Earphone coupler for testing supra-aural earphones without cushions, and the IEC Coupler for supra-aural earphones. The family of 2.0 cm3 ea
8、rphone couplers includes the HA-1 Coupler for earphones mounted in an ear insert or an ear insert connected to an earphone, the HA-2 Coupler for tests in which an acoustic tube connects an earphone to an earmold or ear insert, the HA-3 Coupler for testing the modular portion of a hearing aid, and an
9、 HA-4 coupler for testing postauricular hearing aids or eyeglass hearing aids assumed to have a uniform 1.93 cm diameter sound path. Copyright Acoustical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with ASA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 04:36:34
10、 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ON ACOUSTICS The Acoustical Society of America provides the Secretariat for Accredited Stan- dards Committees S1 on Acoustics, S2 on Mechanical Vibration and Shock, 53 on Bioacoustics, and S12 on N
11、oise. These committees have wide representation from the technical community (manufacturers, consumers, and general-interest representatives). The standards are published by the Acoustical Society of America through the American Institute of Physics as American National Stan- dards after approval by
12、 their respective standards committees and the American National Standards Institute. These standards are developed and published as a public service to provide standards useful to the public, industry, and consumers, and to Federal, State, and local governments. This standard was approved by the Am
13、erican National Standards Institute as ANSI An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially con- cerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an Amer
14、ican National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether having approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, mar- keting, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review and users a
15、re cautioned to obtain the latest editions. S3.7-1995. CAUTION NOTICE: An American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later
16、than five years from the date of publication. Standards Secretariat Acoustical Society of America 120 Wall Street, 32nd Floor New York, New York 10005-3993 Telephone (21 2) 248-0373 Telefax (21 2) 248-01 46 O 1995 by Acoustical Society of America. This standard may not be reproduced in whole or in p
17、art in any form for sale, promotion, or any commercial purpose, or any purpose not falling within the fair-use provisions of the Copyright Act of 1976, without prior written permission of the publisher. For permission, address the Stan- dards Secretariat of the Acoustical Society of America. Copyrig
18、ht Acoustical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with ASA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 04:36:34 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Contents Page O Introduction . 1 Scope. Purpose. and Applications
19、 . 2 Normative References . 2.1 American National Standards . 2.2 IEC Publications . 2.3 IS0 Publications . 2.4 Other References 3 3.1 Letter Symbols 3.2 Definitions 3.2.1 Capsule: earcap . 3.2.2 Component harmonic distortion level . 3.2.3 Constant-available-power response 3.2.4 Constant-available-p
20、ower response level . Letter Symbols and Definitions 3.2.5 Constant-current response 3.2.6 Constant-current response level . 3.2.7 Constant-voltage response 3.2.8 Constant-voltage response level . 3.2.9 Earphone . 3.2.10 Earphone. circumaural 3.2.11 Earphone coupler . 3.2.12 Earphone drive unit or r
21、eceiver . 3.2.13 Earphone insert 3.2.14 Earphone. supra-aural . 3.2.15 Ear simulator . 3.2.16 Microphone pressure response . 3.2.17 Microphone pressure response level 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 I Copyright Acoustical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with AS
22、A Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 04:36:34 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Page 4 3.2.18 Occluded ear simulator 3.2.19 Output-input characteristic . 4 4 4 4 5 3.2.20 Sound pressure level (SPL) 3.2.21 Source of
23、constant available power . 3.2.22 Total harmonic distortion level 4 Measurement of Earphone Response Level 4.1 General 5 4.2 Constant-Voltage Response Level . 6 6 4.3 Constant-Current Response Level . 4.4 Constant-Available-Power Response Level . 6 4.5 Output-Input Characteristic . 4.6 Electrical Im
24、pedance . 7 4.7 Component Harmonic Distortion . 5 Earphone Couplers 7 5.1 General 7 5.2 The National Bureau of Standards Type-9-A Earphone Coupler . 8 8 10 7 7 5.2.1 Construction of the NBS 9-A Earphone Coupler . Use of the 5.6 cm3 or NBS 9-A Earphone coupler . 5.3 The Type-1 Earphone Coupler 1 O 5.
25、3.1 Construction of the Type-1 Earphone Coupler . 11 Use of the Type-1 (6.0 cm3) Earphone Coupler 5.4 The IEC Coupler for Supra-aural Earphones 14 Earphones 15 5.4.2 Use of the IEC Earphone Coupler . 15 5.5 The 2.0 cm3 or Type-2 Earphone Coupler 16 5.5.1 Construction of the 2.0 cm3 Earphone Coupler
26、16 5.5.2 Use of the 2.0 cm3 Earphone Coupler 19 5.5.2.1 The HA-1 Earphone Coupler 20 5.5.2.2 The HA-2 Earphone Coupler 22 5.2.2 5.3.2 14 5.4.1 Design and Construction of the IEC Coupler for Supra-aural Copyright Acoustical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with ASA Licensee=IHS Employ
27、ees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 04:36:34 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- STD-ASA S3.7-ENGL 1995 IB 0181440 000509 845 m Page 22 5.5.2.3 The HA-2 Earphone Coupler with Entrance Through a Tube . 5.5.2.4 The HA-3 Earphone Coupler 23
28、 5.5.2.5 The HA-4 Earphone Coupler 24 AnnexA . 24 Annex B . 31 . 111 Copyright Acoustical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with ASA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 04:36:34 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from
29、 IHS -,-,- STD-ASA S3.7-ENGL 1995 I I 0181490 0009510 5b7 Foreword rhis Foreword is not a part of American National Standard Method for Coupler Calibration of Earphones, S3.7-1995.) ASA Catalog No. 11 1-1 995, revision of ANSI S3.7-1973 (RI 986). This standard is a revision of American National Stan
30、dard Method for Coupler Cali- bration of Earphones, ANSI S3.7-1973 (R1 986). The American National Standard Method for Coupler Calibration of Earphones, ANSI S3.7-1973 was a revision and extension of American National Standard 224.9-1 949 (R 1971), which bore the same title. ANSI S3.7-1973 (R1986) s
31、upplemented the earlier standard by extending the method of calibration of supra-aural earphones to include the use of the National Bureau of Standard Type 9-A Coupler, and of the IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) Artificial Ear, of the wide-band type, for the calibration of earphones
32、used in audiometry. For calibration of hearing-aid earphones that are coupled to the ear canal by ear inserts, this American National Standard recommends the use of the basic Type-2 (2.0 cm3) coupler, with four variants to adapt it to particular forms of earphones. These are all consistent with the
33、IEC Reference Coupler for the measure- ment of hearing aids using earphones coupled to the ear by means of ear inserts (which is described in Amendment 1 to this publication which is currently in prepara- tion). Further, for real ear performance evaluation of hearing-aid earphones that are coupled t
34、o the ear canal by ear inserts, ear simulators have been designed and described in other standards. In particular, occluded ear simulators are described in ANSI S3.25-1979, ANSI S3.25-1989, and IEC Document 71 1-1 982. The Type3 Coupler of 224.9-1949 is not included in this revised American National
35、 Standard because it is not widely used, and does not appear in other American Na- tional Standards or in any international recommendations of the IEC or IS0 (Interna- tional Organization for Standardization). Moreover, there is no evidence that the Type9 Coupler is in any way superior to the 2.0 cm
36、3 couplers described herein. The coupler calibration of circumaural earphones is not specifically considered in this standard because of the present lack of knowledge of the critical factors that affect the coupling between a circumaural earphone and a real ear or coupler. The working group that dev
37、eloped this standard felt that more research is needed to provide a secure basis for this calibration. This standard was developed under the jurisdiction of Accredited Standards Commit- tee S3, Bioacoustics, using the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Accred- ited Standards Committee Proc
38、edure. The Acoustical Society of America provides the Secretariat for Accredited Standards Committee S3, Bioacoustics. Accredited Standards Committee S3, Bioacoustics, under whose jurisdiction this stan- dard was developed, has the following scope: Standards, specifications, methods of measurement a
39、nd test, and terminology, in the fields of psychological and physiological acoustics, including aspects of gen- eral acoustics, shock, and vibration which pertain to biological safesl, tolerance, and comfort. iv Copyright Acoustical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with ASA Licensee=
40、IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 04:36:34 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- STD-ASA S3.7-ENGL 1775 m OL1440 0004511 4T3 At the time this standard was submitted to Accredited Standards Committee S3, Bioacoustics, for approv
41、al, the membership was as follows: J. D. Royster, Chairman T. Frank, Vice Chairman A. Brenig, Secretary Acoustical Society of America . American Academy of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgey, Inc. American Industrial Hyglene Association . American Institute of Ultrasound in Medlcine . American Coll
42、ege of Occupational Mediclne. . American Otologlcat Society, Inc. . American Speech-Language-Hearing Association AT FAX (21 2) 248-01 46. vi Copyright Acoustical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with ASA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007
43、04:36:34 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- STDOASA S3-7-ENGL 3775 iILB3440 0004533 27b AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI S3.7-1995 American National Standard Method for Coupler Calibration of Earphones O Introduction The purpose of this standard (and the origina
44、l stan- dard ANSI S3.7-1973) is to provide information on and specification of couplers and their use for cali- bration of earphones. In normal use, an earphone can be considered as part of a larger system consisting of the electrical source, the earphone, and the real ear. The ear- phone response,
45、as perceived by the listener, de- pends on the physical characteristics of the entire system: if any element is changed, the system re- sponse will change accordingly. Furthermore, if a coupler is substituted for a real human ear, even a typical or average real ear, there will be, in general, differ
46、ences in the system response. Moreover, the differences between the real-ear and coupler re- sponses will generally be significantly different for different types of earphones. It is unrealistic to expect that a coupler could ad- equately represent the real ear over a wide fre- quency range, be usab
47、le with all types of ear- phones, and be stable and reproducible. Approximations to real ears, called artificial ears or ear simulators, however, have been designed and described in standards. In particular, occluded ear simulators are described in ANSI S3.25 1979, Re- vised 1989, and IEC Document 7
48、11, 1982. Oc- cluded ear simulators are most useful for calibration of earphones intended for operation within a closed ear canal or with an earmold inserted into and clos- ing the ear canal to the external environment. At best, the couplers covered in this standard ap- proximate the average human ear only over a lim- ited frequency range and with a restricted class of earphones. Often, as in production testing, exact correlation between real-ear and coupler responses are no