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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 1295:1987 Code of practice for Training in arc welding skills UDC 621.791.004.24 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 06:19:14 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1295:1987 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Welding
2、Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 30 June 1987 BSI 03-1999 First published February 1946 First revision February 1959 Second revision June 1987 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference WEE/
3、36 Draft for comment 85/78466 DC ISBN 0 580 15963 9 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Welding Standards Committee (WEE/-) to Technical Committee WEE/36 upon which the following bodies were represented: Aluminium Federation
4、Associated Offices Technical Committee Association of Consulting Scientists British Coal British Constructional Steelwork Association Ltd. British Gas plc British Nuclear Fuels Ltd. British Railways Board Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Asso
5、ciation Heating and Ventilating Contractors Association Lloyds Register of Shipping Ministry of Defence Power Generation Association (BEAMA Ltd.) Process Plant Association Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Ltd. Stainless Steel Fabricators Association of Great Britain United Kingdom Atomic E
6、nergy Authority Water-tube Boilermakers Association Welding Institute Welding Manufacturers Association (BEAMA Ltd.) Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.Date of issueComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 06:19:14 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1295:19
7、87 BSI 03-1999i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover Forewordii 1Scope1 2Training courses1 3Syllabus for training courses1 4Assessment of welding skill3 5Related job knowledge3 6Trainees final report4 Appendix A Health and safety publications5 Publications referred toInside back co
8、ver Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 06:19:14 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1295:1987 ii BSI 03-1999 Foreword This British Standard code of practice has been prepared under the direction of the Welding Standards Committee. Although the content has been changed c
9、ompletely from the previous edition, it was decided to retain the number BS 1295 as this has become established as being for the BSI publication on welder training. BS 1295:1958 is withdrawn. This code recommends an approach to welder training, whereby the trainee progresses through a defined sequen
10、ce of training, culminating in approval testing in accordance with BS 4872-1 or BS 4872-2. The level to be achieved does not involve the use of radiography or ultrasonic inspection to detect internal flaws. Trainees who successfully complete weld tests in accordance with BS 4872-1 or BS 4872-2 are c
11、onsidered suitable for welding approved by these tests. No time is defined for training courses as progression through the relevant sequence of training requires the achievement of proficiency at each stage. Related job knowledge is included in this code, to ensure that the trainee has sufficient un
12、derstanding of the relevant welding process and safety to carry out the welding satisfactorily and safely. The assessment of related job knowledge is by either oral examination or written questions of the multiple-choice answer type. It has been assumed in the drafting of this British Standard that
13、the execution of its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does
14、 not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. Thi
15、s will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 06:19:14 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1295:1987 BSI 03-19991 1 Scope This British Standard code of practice gives recommendations for the content of a series
16、of practical courses for training in arc welding skills and related job knowledge. The assessment of welding skill is by means of test welds made and assessed in accordance with BS 4872-1 or BS 4872-2. This code is intended to be used by independent training establishments, or by the trainees employ
17、er. Training in welding skills is normally “off the job” training, but this may be interspersed with “on the job” training or experience where appropriate. This code is primarily intended to be applied either to the training of persons not following an apprenticeship or to the retraining of mature p
18、ersons. It is envisaged that training establishments will use this code as written. This does not preclude them, however, from limiting the extent of training provided that this limitation is clearly identified in the trainees final report. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this code
19、 are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Training courses 2.1 General Training courses should be provided as appropriate in manual metal-arc welding, TIG welding or MIG/MAG welding and should be based on the principles and sequences given in this code. Each course should be limited to one type of par
20、ent metal (ferritic steel, austenitic stainless steel or aluminium and its alloys) and to one material form (plate, pipe1) or sheet2) as covered by BS 4872-1 or BS 4872-2. For each material form selected training should include fillet welds, butt welds and pipe branch connections in all welding posi
21、tions except when specified otherwise by any person or body authorizing the training. Each course should include training in related job knowledge. NOTEA typical training course could be described as “The manual metal-arc welding of ferritic steel plates using rutile electrodes”. Training establishm
22、ents or employers should prepare a syllabus for each training course they provide, in accordance with the principles and sequences given in this code. It is not necessary for the trainee to have obtained any previous welding experience. A trainee who holds a current approval in accordance with BS 48
23、72-1 or BS 4872-2 and requires additional approval, is not required to repeat training already covered. Where items in 3.2 and 3.3 are qualified as “when specified”, training in that option is required only when specified by any person or body authorizing the training. 2.2 Materials When the trainee
24、 has no specific requirements for a particular type of steel, a ferritic steel should be used, such as plate complying with grade 43 of BS 4360, pipe complying with BS 1387 or BS 3601, or sheet complying with grade HR4 of BS 1449-1. The grade of aluminium or aluminium alloy to be used should be sele
25、cted from the relevant table in BS 4872-2. NOTEFerritic steels that require pre-heating for welding (see BS 5135) should not be used. The welding consumables to be used should be compatible with the parent metal being welded by the particular process. The selection of the filler metal for welding al
26、uminium and its alloys should be made in accordance with BS 3019-1 or BS 3571-1 as appropriate. 2.3 Duration of training courses The duration of each training course should be determined by the training establishment or employer to ensure that trainees can achieve competence at each stage. 3 Syllabu
27、s for training courses 3.1 General When approval in accordance with BS 4872-1 or BS 4872-2 is sought in a given range of thicknesses or welding positions, practice should be afforded in a number of thicknesses and all positions covered by the approval. The minimum thickness and/or minimum outside di
28、ameter should be included in the training syllabus, but the training need not include plate thicker than 25 mm or pipe greater than 165 mm outside diameter. 3.2 All welding processes 3.2.1 Equipment. Training should ensure that the trainee becomes familiar with the use and care of the equipment to b
29、e used and is competent to set up the controls so as to achieve optimum welding conditions. The trainee should also be made aware of the more common variations which may be found in equipment of different model or manufacture. 1) In this code the word “pipe” is intended also to cover “tube” and “str
30、uctural hollow section”. 2) “Sheet” covers flat material 3 mm or less in thickness. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 06:19:14 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1295:1987 2 BSI 03-1999 3.2.2 Sequence of training. Training should progress in the alphabetical sequences
31、 shown in 3.2.4 to 3.2.7. Before progressing from one stage to the next, the trainee should be competent in the welding at that stage or have achieved approval in accordance with BS 4872-1 or 4872-2. 3.2.3 Assessment of progress. Tests for use in assessing competence during the stages of training sh
32、ould be selected as appropriate to the particular stage from those tests described in BS 4872-1 or 4872-2, but only visual examination is required for bead on plate. 3.2.4 Plate welding. The sequence of training for the welding of plate should be as follows. a) Deposition of weld bead. Breaking the
33、arc and restarting to pick up the end of the run. b) Single run fillet weld. Approval in accordance with BS 4872-1 or BS 4872-2 to be obtained before progressing further. c) Multi-run fillet weld. Approval in accordance with BS 4872-1 or BS 4872-2 completes approval for fillet welds. d) Backed butt
34、weld. Approval in accordance with BS 4872-1 or BS 4872-2 to be obtained before progressing further. e) Butt weld made from two sides. Approval in accordance with BS 4872-1 or BS 4872-2 to be obtained before progressing further. f) Unbacked butt weld made from one side only. Approval in accordance wi
35、th BS 4872-1 or BS 4872-2 completes approval for welding plate. 3.2.5 Pipe welding. The sequence of training for the welding of pipe should be as follows. a) Deposition of weld bead. Breaking the arc and restarting to pick up the end of the run. b) 90 equal branch (fillet weld)3). Approval in accord
36、ance with BS 4872-1 or BS 4872-2 completes approval for fillet welds. c) Backed butt weld (when specified). Approval in accordance with BS 4872-1 or BS 4872-2 to be obtained. d) Unbacked butt weld. Approval in accordance with BS 4872-1 or BS 4872-2 completes approval for welding pipe except for alum
37、inium and its alloys. e) Aluminium and its alloys only. 90 equal branch (penetration weld). Approval in accordance with BS 4872-2 completes approval for welding pipe in aluminium or its alloys. 3.2.6 Sheet welding. The sequence of training for the welding of sheet should be as follows. a) Deposition
38、 of weld bead. Breaking the arc and restarting to pick up the end of the run. b) Single run fillet weld. Approval in accordance with BS 4872-1 or BS 4872-2 completes approval for fillet welds. c) Unbacked butt weld from one side only. Approval in accordance with BS 4872-1 or BS 4872-2 completes appr
39、oval for welding sheet. 3.2.7 Welding positions 3.2.7.1 Plate and sheet. Training should progress through the range of welding positions as follows: a) flat (downhand); b) horizontal-vertical; c) vertical-up; d) overhead; e) vertical-down (when specified). 3.2.7.2 Pipe (except branch connections). T
40、raining should progress through the range of pipe positions as follows: a) pipe axis horizontal, pipe rotated; b) pipe axis vertical; c) pipe axis horizontal, pipe fixed; d) pipe axis inclined at 45 , pipe fixed. 3.2.7.3 Branch connections. Training should progress through the range of main and bran
41、ch pipe positions as follows: a) axis of main and branch horizontal, fixed during welding but branch turned through 180 (vertical-up welding); b) axis of main horizontal and axis of branch vertical, fixed above the main; c) axis of main and branch horizontal, fixed (vertical-up welding); d) axis of
42、main and branch horizontal, fixed (vertical-down welding) (when specified). 3.2.8 Weld preparations. Weld preparations should be selected as appropriate from those given in the following standards for: a) steel from BS 5135 or BS 4872-1; b) aluminium and its alloys, from BS 3019-1 for TIG welding, f
43、rom BS 3571-1 for MIG welding or from BS 4872-2. 3) This is a structural connection in which there is no hole in the main pipe. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 06:19:14 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1295:1987 BSI 03-19993 3.3 Specific welding processes 3.3.1 Ma
44、nual metal-arc welding. Training courses should state whether basic or rutlie covered electrodes are to be used. If basic covered electrodes are employed then sufficient practice should be given with rutile covered electrodes to ensure competence. Experience in the use of electrodes in a range of si
45、zes from 2.5 mm to 5 mm electrodes should be included in the training. When specified, additional training should be given with iron powder and/or cellulosic covered electrodes. 3.3.2 TIG welding. Training courses should state whether the pulsed or non-pulsed technique is to be applied and what shie
46、lding gas is to be used. Training courses should cover the following items: a) stop-start techniques, applicable to all parent metals and filler metals; b) welds with filler metal addition, applicable to all types of weld; c) welds without added filler metal (autogenous welds) for butt welds in shee
47、t and root runs in pipe only (when specified). 3.3.3 MIG/MAG welding. Training courses should state whether solid or cored wires are to be used, whether the pulsed or non-pulsed technique is to be applied and what shielding gas is to be used. Training courses should cover the following items. a) Sol
48、id and cored wires: 1) stop-start techniques; 2) control of root and side fusion. b) Solid wires only: 1) dip transfer mode (not applicable to aluminium and its alloys); 2) spray mode (when specified); 3) pulsed mode (when specified); 4) experience in the use of 0.8 mm to 1.6 mm wires. c) Cored wire
49、s (including gasless): 1) spray transfer mode; 2) experience in the use of 1.2 mm to 2.4 mm wires. 4 Assessment of welding skill Test welds selected as appropriate from BS 4872-1 or BS 4872-2 should be welded by the trainee and witnessed by a member of the training establishment to verify compliance with the relevant Part of that standard. The test welds should be examined, tested and assessed in accordance with BS 4872-1 or BS 4872-2. 5 Related job knowledge 5.1 Objectives Training in related job knowledge should ensure that the trainee understands those factors under