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1、S T A N D A R D ASABE is a professional and technical organization, of members worldwide, who are dedicated to advancement of engineering applicable to agricultural, food, and biological systems. ASABE Standards are consensus documents developed and adopted by the American Society of Agricultural an
2、d Biological Engineers to meet standardization needs within the scope of the Society; principally agricultural fi eld equipment, farmstead equipment, structures, soil and water resource management, turf and landscape equipment, forest engineering, food and process engineering, electric power applica
3、tions, plant and animal environment, and waste management. NOTE: ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data are informational and advisory only. Their use by anyone engaged in industry or trade is entirely voluntary. The ASABE assumes no responsibility for results attrib- utable to the applica
4、tion of ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data. Conformity does not ensure compliance with applicable ordinances, laws and regulations. Prospective users are responsible for protecting themselves against liability for infringement of patents. ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Dat
5、a initially approved prior to the society name change in July of 2005 are designated as ASAE, regardless of the revision approval date. Newly developed Standards, Engineering Practices and Data approved after July of 2005 are designated as ASABE. Standards designated as ANSI are American National St
6、andards as are all ISO adoptions published by ASABE. Adoption as an American National Standard requires verifi cation by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by ASABE. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of
7、Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made tow
8、ard their resolution. CAUTION NOTICE: ASABE and ANSI standards may be revised or withdrawn at any time. Additionally, procedures of ASABE require that action be taken periodically to reaffi rm, revise, or withdraw each standard. Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. Al
9、l rights reserved. ASABE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659, USA ph. 269-429-0300, fax 269-429-3852, hqasabe.org ANSI/ASAE S478 SEP1995 (R2005) Roll-Over Protective Structures (ROPS) for Compact Utility Tractors ANSI/ASAE S478 SEP1995 (R2005) Approved March 1996; reaffi rmed March 2005 as a
10、n American National Standard Roll-Over Protective Structures (ROPS) for Compact Utility Tractors Developed cooperatively by the ASAE Turf and Landscape Equipment SystemsCommitteeandtheEquipmentManufacturersInstitute Agricultural ROPS Subcommittee; approved by the Power and Machinery Division Standar
11、ds Committee; adopted by ASAE September 1995; approved as an American National Standard March 1996; reaffi rmed by ASAE December 1999; reaffi rmed by ANSI June 2000; reaffi rmed by ASAE February 2005; reaffi rmed by ANSI March 2005. 1 Purpose and scope 1.1 The purpose of this Standard is to establis
12、h the test and performance requirements of a roll-over protective structure, ROPS, designed for compact utility tractors to minimize the frequency and severity of crushing injury to the operator resulting from accidental tractor upset. 1.2 This Standard applies to compact utility tractors as defi ne
13、d in 3.1. It does not preclude the use of extendable or foldable ROPS as long as these ROPS meet the performance requirements of this Standard. Self- propelled implements are excluded. This Standard does not apply to tractors with mass as defi ned in 3.3 greater than 1800 kg. 1.3 Test procedures in
14、this standard are limited to compact utility tractors. This Standard does not apply to tractors generally designed for mowing lawns and gardening work as defi ned in ASAE S323. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions that, through reference in this text, constitute provisio
15、ns of this Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Standards o
16、rganizations maintain registers of currently valid standards. ANSI/ASAE S323.2 MAY89, Defi nitions of Powered Lawn and Garden Equipment ASAE S203.13 DEC94, Front and Rear Power Take-Off for Agricultural Tractors ASAES217.11,Three-PointFree-LinkAttachmentforHitching Implements to Agricultural Wheel T
17、ractors ASTM A370-76, Standard Methods and Defi nitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products ISO 612, Road vehiclesdimensions of motor vehicles and towed vehiclesterms and defi nitions ISO 5353, Earthmoving machinery, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestryseat index point SAE J1
18、14 MAR86, Seat Belt Assembly Webbing Abrasion Performance Requirements SAE J140a, Seat Belt Hardware Test Procedure SAE J141, Seat Belt Hardware Performance Requirements SAE J339 MAR86, Seat Belt Assembly Webbing Abrasion Test Procedure SAE J800 APR86, Motor Vehicle Seat Belt Assembly Installations
19、SAE J1194 MAY89, Rollover Protective Structures (ROPS) for Wheeled Agricultural Tractors (A) SAE J2194 JUN93, Roll-Over Protective Structures (ROPS) for Wheeled Agricultural Tractors (A) 3 Defi nitions 3.1 compact utility tractor: A small agricultural tractor equipped with a 540 rpm rear PTO (ASAE S
20、203.13) and a three-point hitch designed for Category 1 (ASAE S217.1) implements only. These tractors generally have a mass, as defi ned in 3.3, less than 1800 kg., have less than 30 PTO KW and are primarily designed and advertised for use with mowers and light duty material handling equipment. 3.2
21、roll-over protective structure, ROPS: A cab or frame for the protection of operators of compact utility tractors to minimize the possibility of serious crushing injury to the operator resulting from accidental upset. The ROPS is characterized by providing space for the clearance zone (3.10) inside t
22、he envelope of the structure or within a space bounded by a series of straight lines from the outer edge of the structure to any part of the tractor that might come in contact with fl at ground and is capable of supporting the tractor in upset position. The mounting structure and fasteners forming t
23、he mounting connection with the tractor are part of the ROPS. 3.3 tractor mass: The mass of the unloaded tractor in operating order with tanks and radiators full, including protective structure with cladding and any wheel equipment or additional front-wheel drive components required to support the t
24、ractor static weight. The operator, optional hitch equipment, optional ballast weights, additional wheel equipment and other special equipment are not included. 3.4 reference mass: A mass, not less than the tractor mass, selected for calculation of the force and energy inputs to be used during tests
25、. 3.5 seat index point, SIP: The seat index point shall be determined in accordance with ISO 5353, with seat adjusted to the midpoint of its adjustments. For a suspended seat, the seat shall be set to the midpoint of the suspension travel, unless this is contradictory to clearly stated instructions
26、by the manufacturer of the seat. Where special instructions for the seat setting exist, these shall be observed. 3.6 static test horizontal loading: The application of a horizontal static load to the rear, front, or side of the ROPS. 3.7 crushing test: The application of a vertical static load throu
27、gh a beam placed laterally across the uppermost members of the ROPS. The resultant of the initial crushing load shall be in the vertical direction and shall be in a vertical reference plane passing through the SIP and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tractor. 3.8 vertical reference plane: A
28、vertical plane, generally longitudinal to the tractor and passing through the SIP and the center of the steering wheel. NOTE: Normally the vertical reference plane coincides with the longitudinal median plane of the tractor. (See ISO 612) 3.9 ROPS material: Any material that meets the requirements s
29、et forth in 6.9.1. 3.10 clearance zone: The clearance zone is illustrated in fi gures 2 and 3 and is defi ned in relation to the vertical reference plane. This reference plane shall be assumed to move horizontally with the seat and steering wheel during loading and to remain perpendicular to the tra
30、ctor or the fl oor of the protective structure. The clearance zone is defi ned when the tractor is standing on its wheels on a horizontal surface and, when applicable, the steering wheel is adjusted to the mid-position for seated driving. ANSIASAE S478 SEP1995 R2005482ASABE STANDARDS 2006 4 General
31、requirements 4.1 Any ROPS meeting the performance requirements of SAE J2194, meets the performance requirements of this Standard. ROPS currently being manufactured which meet the requirements of SAE J1194 are acceptable. 4.2 Fulfi llment of the intended purpose requires testing as follows. 4.2.1 The
32、 temperature-material requirement (see 6.9) can be satisfi ed by using the appropriate materials. 4.2.2 A laboratory test shall be conducted under repeatable and controlled loading, to permit analysis of the ROPS for compliance with the performance requirements of this Standard. 4.2.3 A seat belt an
33、chorage test (see clause B). 4.3 The test procedures and performance requirements outlined in this Standard are based on currently available engineering data. 5 Symbols m is tractor mass, as defi ned in 3.3, in kilograms; mt is reference mass, as defi ned in 3.4, in kilograms; D is defl ection of th
34、e ROPS at the point of, and in line with, the load application, in millimeters; Dmaxis total defl ection of the ROPS during static test corre- sponding to Ei, in millimeters; D? is defl ection of the ROPS for the calculated energy required, in millimeters; F isstatic load force, in newtons; Fmaxisma
35、ximum static load force occurring during loading, with the exception of the overload, in newtons; F? isforce for the calculated energy required, in newtons; Eis isenergy input to be absorbed during side loading, in joules; F ? D is force-defl ection curve; Ei1.1 isenergy input to be absorbed during
36、longitudinal loading, in joules; Ei1.2 isenergy input to be absorbed during a second longi- tudinal loading, in joules; Fr isapplied force at rear in the crushing test, in newtons; Ff isapplied force at front in the crushing test, in newtons; Ei is energy absorbed by the ROPS under F?D the point whe
37、re D?Dmax,in joules; Ei? istotal energy absorbed by the ROPS structure after static overload test, in joules. 6 Requirements 6.1 The ROPS (per 3.2) shall meet production specifi cations and if a reduced height position is provided testing shall be done with the ROPS in the fully raised, extended, an
38、d locked position. Where a number of tractor models form a family and use the same ROPS, testing may be performed based on the largest tractor mass within the family. New ROPS and mounting connections shall be used for conducting the test sequence described in 7.2.1. 6.2 If present, a tread setting
39、for the wheels shall be chosen such that no interference exists with the ROPS during the tests. 6.3 Movable ROPS cab sections, such as windows, or removable sections, such as doors, which may add to structural strength, shall be removed or placed in confi gurations that contribute least to strength
40、during a test. All normally removable glazing shall be removed before tests are performed. 6.4 If an overhead weather shield or overhead falling object protective cover is available as an optional attachment to the ROPS, it may be in place during tests, provided it does not contribute to the strengt
41、h of the ROPS. 6.5 In the case of an offset seat and/or non-symmetrical strength of the ROPS structure, the side loading shall be on the side more likely to lead to infringement of the clearance zone. 6.6 Repairs or adjustments to the ROPS shall not be made during the test sequence. 6.7 Accuracy of
42、measurement a) Dimensions: +/3 mm b) Defl ections:? / ? 3mm c) Tractor mass:? / ? 20kg d) Loads and forces: ? / ? 2% e) Direction of loading At start of test:? / ? 2deg,all loading During test:10 deg above to 20 deg below horizontal for horizontal loads 6.8 If any fi xturing used to restrain the tra
43、ctor breaks or shifts during any test, the test shall be repeated. 6.9 Material requirements: The following requirements and procedures are intended to provide strength and resistance to brittle fracture at reduced temperature. 6.9.1 The temperature material requirements shall be met if the structur
44、al members are from material that exhibits Charpy V-notch impact strengths at ? 30 C shown in table 1. Specimens shall be longitudinal and taken from fl at stock, tubular sections, or structural sections before forming or welding for use in the ROPS. Specimens from tubular or structural sections sha
45、ll be taken from the middle of the side of greatest dimension, not to include welds. There is no Charpy requirement for steel 2.5 mm or less in thickness with a maximum carbon content of 0.20%. Alternatively, structural members of the protective structure can be made from fully killed steel for whic
46、h an adequate specifi cation shall be provided (i.e. ASTM A572, ASTM A607, ASTM A656, ASTM A715), or from materials other than steel that shall have equivalent low temperature impact resistance. 6.9.2 Fasteners used to attach the ROPS to the tractor frame and to connect structural parts of the ROPS
47、shall be metric class 8.8 through 10.9, SAE grade 5 through 8 or equivalent. 6.9.3 All welding electrodes used in the fabrication of structural members and mountings shall be compatible with material requirements given in 6.9.1. 6.10 Seat and seat belt requirements 6.10.1 ROPS-equipped tractors shal
48、l be fi tted with seat belt assemblies (Type 1) conforming to the following Society of Automotive Engineers Standards; SAE J114 MAR 86, SAE J140a, SAE J141, SAE J339 MAR86, SAE J800 APR86 except as noted hereafter. Table 1 Minimum V-notch impact strengths1) Specimen size (mm)Impact strength (J) 10?1
49、02) 11.0 10?9 10.0 10?8 9.5 10?7.52) 9.5 10?7 9.0 10?6.7 8.5 10?6 8.0 10?52) 7.5 10?4 7.0 10?3.3 6.0 10?3 6.0 10?2.52) 5.5 1)Reference: ASTM A370-76. 2)Indicates preferred size. Specimen size shall be no less than the largest preferred size that the material will permit. ANSIASAE S478 SEP1995 R2005ASABE STANDARDS 2006483 -,-,- 6.10.2 Where a suspended seat is used, the seat belt shall be fastened to the movable portion of the seat to accommodate the ride motion of the operator. 6.11 Labeling. Each ROPS shall have a label perma