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1、 ANSI S12.65-2006 (Revision of ANSI S3.14-1977) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD For Rating Noise with Respect to Speech Interference Accredited Standards Committee S12, Noise Standards Secretariat Acoustical Society of America 35 Pinelawn Road, Suite 114E Melville, New York 11747-3177 ANSI S12.65-2006 Co
2、pyright Acoustical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with ASA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 11:07:25 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- The American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) is th
3、e national coordinator of voluntary standards development and the clearinghouse in the U.S.A. for information on national and international standards. The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) is an organization of scientists and engineers formed in 1929 to increase and diffuse the knowledge of acoust
4、ics and to promote its practical applications. Copyright Acoustical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with ASA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 11:07:25 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ANSI S12.65
5、-2006 (Revision of ANSI S3.14-1977) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD For Rating Noise with Respect to Speech Interference Secretariat Acoustical Society of America Approved 28 February 2006 American National Standards Institute, Inc. Abstract This standard defines a simple numerical method for rating the
6、expected speech-interfering aspects of noise using acoustical measurements of the noise. Copyright Acoustical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with ASA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 11:07:25 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted
7、without license from IHS -,-,- AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ON ACOUSTICS The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) provides the Secretariat for Accredited Standards Committees S1 on Acoustics, S2 on Mechanical Vibration and Shock, S3 on Bioacoustics, and S12 on Noise. These committees have wide represe
8、ntation from the technical community (manufacturers, consumers, trade associations, organizations with a general interest, and government representatives). The standards are published by the Acoustical Society of America as American National Standards after approval by their respective Standards Com
9、mittees and the American National Standards Institute. These standards are developed and published as a public service to provide standards useful to the public, industry, and consumers, and to Federal, State, and local governments. Each of the accredited Standards Committees operating in accordance
10、 with procedures approved by American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is responsible for developing, voting upon, and main- taining or revising its own Standards. The ASA Standards Secretariat administers Committee organization and activity and provides liaison between the Accredited Standards C
11、ommittees and ANSI. After the Standards have been produced and adopted by the Accredited Standards Committees, and approved as American National Standards by ANSI, the ASA Standards Secretariat arranges for their publication and distribution. An American National Standard implies a consensus of thos
12、e substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not n
13、ecessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered and that a concerted effort be made towards their resolution. The use of an American National Standard is completely voluntary. Their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has approved
14、 the Standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the Standards. NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that act
15、ion be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this Standard. Acoustical Society of America ASA Secretariat 35 Pinelawn Road, Suite 114E Melville, New York 11747-3177 Telephone: 1 (631) 390-0215 Fax: 1 (631) 390-0217 E-mail: asastdsaip.org 2006 by Acoustical Society of America. This stan
16、dard may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form for sale, promotion, or any commercial purpose, or any purpose not falling within the provisions of the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976, without prior written permission of the publisher. For permission, address a request to the Standards Secreta
17、riat of the Acoustical Society of America. Copyright Acoustical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with ASA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 11:07:25 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Contents 1 Scop
18、e . 1 2 Normative references. 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Nomenclature. 2 5 Application of the speech interference level. 2 5.1 Rank-ordering of noises with respect to speech interference. 2 5.2 Face-to-face communication. 2 Figures Figure 1 Talker-to-listener distances for just-reliable communic
19、ation4 Copyright Acoustical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with ASA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 11:07:25 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Foreword This Foreword is for information only, and
20、 is not a part of the American National Standard ANSI S12.65 - 2006 American National Standard For Rating Noise with Respect to Speech Interference. This standard comprises a part of a group of definitions, standards, and specifications for use in noise. It was developed and approved by Accredited S
21、tandards Committee S12 Noise, under its approved operating procedures. Those procedures have been accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). The Scope of Accredited Standards Committee S12 is as follows: Standards, specifications, and terminology in the field of acoustical noise
22、 pertaining to methods of measurement, evaluation, and control; including biological safety, tolerance, and comfort, and physical acoustics as related to environmental and occupational noise. This standard is a revision and redesignation of ANSI S3.14-1977. In this revision the normative references
23、have been updated, some new bibliographic references have been added as well as some introductory material about Speech Transmission Index (STI), Rapid Speech Transmission Index (RASTI), Articulation Index (AI), and Percent Loss of Consonants (%ALCONS), although these are not included in this standa
24、rd. The definition of speech interference level has also been updated to be consistent with ANSI S1.1-1994. This standard is not comparable to any existing ISO Standard At the time this Standard was submitted to Accredited Standards Committee S12, Noise for approval, the membership was as follows: R
25、.D. Hellweg, Chair R.D. Godfrey, Vice-Chair S.B. Blaeser, Secretary Acoustical Society of AmericaB.M. Brooks P.D. Schomer (Alt.) Aearo Company.E.H. Berger Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute .R. Seel . D. Brown (Alt.) Alcoa, Inc.W.D. Gallagher American Industrial Hygiene Association.D. Dris
26、coll J. Banach (Alt.) American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-ConditioningR.J. Peppin E. Rosenberg (Alt.) American Speech-Hearing-Language Association .L.A. Wilber . V. Gladstone (Alt.) Bruel FAX: 631-390-0217; E-mail: asastdsaip.org iv Copyright Acoustical Society of America Provided by
27、 IHS under license with ASA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 11:07:25 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Introduction The intelligibility of speech in noise is dependent on many factors. These include: (1) Acoustic
28、 factors, such as the level of the speech signal (at the listeners ear), the level of the interfering noise, the frequency spectrum of the speech signal, the frequency spectrum of the noise, the temporal pattern of the speech and noise, differences in the spatial relationship of the speech and noise
29、 sources, and reverberation effects. (2) Nonacoustic factors, such as size of message set, a priori probability of occurrence of each message or unit of speech, the listeners motivation and familiarity with the speech material, the role of visual cues, and the talkers speech habits. (3) Random or qu
30、asirandom factors, such as individual differences between talkers and listeners, day-to-day variations in a listeners ability or a talkers effectiveness, effects of randomization in the choice of test material, and random sampling errors. NOTE The deleterious effect of noise on speech intelligibilit
31、y may be greater for elderly listeners or listeners with sensory neural hearing impairments. The method in which intelligibility is specified depends on the testing procedure. Subjective testing procedures that are commonly used yield sentence intelligibility 2, 8, monosyllabic word intelligibil- it
32、y or scores from a checklist of response words, such as the modified rhyme test 13 see American National Standard S3.2-1989 (R1999). Ideally, given information on all of the above factors and the method for specifying intelligibility, it should be possible to predict accurately the intelligibility o
33、f speech in noise. There are, however, basic limitations to the accuracy of such predictions. First, the abovementioned random factors set an upper bound on precision. Second, not all the factors affecting intelligibility are fully understood. Experiments have shown, however, that reasonably accurat
34、e predictions of intelligibility can be made from acoustical measurements of the speech and the noise, given detailed information on the method of testing, speech material, skill and motivation of the listeners, and the proficiency of the talker 10, 18, 20, 27. In addition, there are several measure
35、ments which provide estimates of speech intelligibility by characterizing the noise and reverberation in a room. These include, Speech Transmission Index (STI), Rapid Speech Transmission Index (RASTI), Articulation Index (AI), Speech Intelligibility Index (SII), Percent Loss of Consonants (%ALCONS)
36、7, 15, 23, 26, 29. It is important to recognize the distinction between the physical measure called speech interference level and its application. The definition of speech interference level is exact; it is based on acoustical measurements of the noise and is specified with the same precision requir
37、ed of any physically measurable standard. The application of the index, e.g., as a predictor of speech interference, is less precise, owing to the limitations listed above. This is a difficulty common to all measures or standards attempting to predict perceptual effects. This does not mean that reas
38、onably accurate predictions of subjective quantities cannot be made, but only that there is a substantial difference in the degree of precision that can be obtained. Experimental data on the relative precision of the speech interference level and other predictors of speech interference may be found
39、in 4- 6, 16-22, 24, 25, 27, 28, 30-39. Finally, it should be recognized that this standard is applicable to natural speech. Speech that is electronically transmitted, either in analog or digital form, or is electronically reinforced can be subject to distortion, both linear and nonlinear which can d
40、egrade its intelligibility beyond that which would be predicted by the speech interference level. Application of the SIL to predict intelligibility in these cases may be misleading. v Copyright Acoustical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with ASA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, Us
41、er=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 11:07:25 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright Acoustical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with ASA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 11:07:25 MDTNo
42、reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI S12.65-2006 American National Standard For Rating Noise with Respect to Speech Interference 1 Scope This standard defines a simple numerical method for rating the expected speech-interfering aspects o
43、f noise using acoustical measurements of the noise. The relevant acoustical characteristics of the noise are summarized in terms of a single-valued index known as the speech interference level. The application of the measure is intended for natural speech. NOTE The speech interference level is relat
44、ed to the speech intelligibility index (ANSI S3.5-1997 (R2002) and to A-weighted sound level (ANSI S1.42-2001 (R 2006). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
45、references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ANSI S1.1-1994 (R 2004), American National Standard Acoustical Terminology. ANSI S1.4-1983 (R 2006) with Amd.S1.4A-1985 (R 2006), American National Standard Specification for Sound Level Meters. ANSI S1.11-
46、2004, American National Standard Specification for Octave-Band and Fractional-Octave-Band Analog and Digital Filters. ANSI S3.2-1989 (R1999), American National Standard Method for Measuring the Intelligibility of Speech over Communication Systems. ANSI S3.5-1997 (R2002), American National Standard M
47、ethods for the Calculation of the Speech Intelligibility Index. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this standard, the terms and definitions given in ANSI S1.1-1994 (R 2004) and the following apply: 3.1 speech interference level. One-fourth of the sum of the band sound pressure levels for oc
48、tave- bands with normal midband frequencies of 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz. Unit, decibel; abbreviation, SIL; symbol LSI. NOTE 1 The limiting frequencies for the four octave bands cited above are 355-710, 710-1400, 1400-2800, and 2800-5600 Hz, respectively. In practice, these octave bands are realized with filters conforming to American National Standard S1.11-2004. NOTE 2 In the previous edition (ANSI S3.14-1977) this symbol was LSIL. Acoustical Society of Ame