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1、ANSI/AWWA B202-02 (Revision of ANSI/AWWA B202-93) .= - I _ y - I . American Water Works Association 1 The Authoritative Resource for Safe Drinking WatersM A W A Stmdurd I - ._ . . . . . , _ . . . - , - , Quicklime and Hydrated Lime - -1131 American National Standards Institute Effective date: Aug. 1
2、 , 2002. First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors Sept. 28, 1954. This edition approved Jan. 20, 2002. Approved by American National Standards Institute May 21, 2002. 6666 West Quincy Avenue Denver, CO 80235-3098 www.awwa.org Advocacy Communications Conferences Education and Training b Scie
3、nce and Technology Sections Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/21/2007 03:26:40 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- AWWA Standard This documen
4、t is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. A W A standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally contained in specifications. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be ev
5、aluated by the user -of the standard. Until each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. A W A publication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. The use of A W
6、 A standards is entirely voluntaiy. AWWA standards are intended to represent a consensus of the water supply industry that the product described will provide satisfactory service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed on the first page of the class
7、ified advertising section of Journal AWWA. The action becomes effective n the firstday of the month following the month of Journal AWWA publication of the official notice. American National Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and
8、 provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing
9、, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review, and users .are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity -with an American -National Standard are encouraged to s
10、tate on their own responsibility in advertising and promotional materials or on tags or labels that the goods are produced in conformity with particular American National Standards. CAUTION NOTICE: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date .on the front cover of this standard in
11、dicates completion of the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National
12、 Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 25 W . 43rd St., Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036; (212) 642-4900. Science and Technology AWWA unites the drinking water community by developing and distributing authoritative
13、 scientific and technological knowledge. Through its members, AWWA develops industry standards for products and Processes that advance public health and safety. AWWA also provides quality improvement programs for water and wastewater utilities. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
14、 reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanial, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of brief excerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher. Copyright O 2002 by Americ
15、an Water Works Association Printed in USA II Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/21/2007 03:26:40 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Committee
16、 Personnel The AWWA Standards Committee on Softening and Conditioning Chemicals, which reviewed and approved this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval: Clyde R. Dugan, Chair Consumer Members C.R. Dugan, Board of Water and subsequently revised on Jan. 25, 1965; Jan. 30, 1977;
17、 Jan. 30, 1983; June 19, 1988; and June 6, 1993. This edition was approved by the ANTA Board of Directors on Jan. 20, 2002. I.C. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF International (NSF) to develop vo
18、luntary third-party consensus standards and a certification program for all direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other members of the original consortium included the American Water Works Association Research Foundation (ANTARF) and the Conference of State Health and Environmental Managers
19、(COSHEM). The American Water Works Association (AWWA) and the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined later. In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact with, drinking water rests with individual states.* Local agencies may choose to impos
20、e requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the health effects of products and drinking water additives from such products, state and local agencies may use various references, including two standards developed under the *Persons outside the US should contact the appr
21、opriate authority having jurisdiction. vii Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/21/2007 03:26:40 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- direction o
22、f NSF, ANSI*/NSFt 60, Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals-Health Effects, and ANSUNSF 6 1, Drinking Water System Components-Health Effects. Various certification organizations may be involved in certi+ing products in accordance with ANSUNSF 60. Individual states or local agencies have authority to ac
23、cept or accredit certification organizations within their jurisdiction. Accreditation of certification organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Annex A, “Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures,” to ANSUNSF 60 does not stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant f
24、or substances not regulated by a USEPA final maximum contaminant level (MCL). The MALS of an unspecified list of “unregulated contaminants are based on toxicity testing guidelines (noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of Annex A procedures may not always be identi
25、cal, depending on the certifier. AWWA B202-02 addresses additives requirements in Sec. 4.3 of the standard. The transfer of contaminants from chemicals to processed water or the residual solids is becoming a problem of greater concern. The language in Sec. 4.3.2 is a recommendation only for direct a
26、dditives used in the treatment of potable water to be certified by an accredited certification organization in accordance with ANSUNSF Standard 60 Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals-Health Effects. However, users of the standard may opt to make this certification a requirement for the product. Users
27、 of this standard should also consult the appropriate state or local agency having jurisdiction in order to 1. 2. Determine additives requirements, including applicable standards. Determine the status of certifications by all parties offering to certify products for contact with, or treatment of, dr
28、inking water. 3. Determine current information on product certification. II. Special Issues. 1I.A. Calcium Oxide. The amount of available calcium oxide varies in limes. Many methods are available for evaluating the available calcium oxide in lime. Some give consistently low results, some are rather
29、time-consuming, and some do not give reproducible results. The method included in this standard is reasonably rapid, reproducible, and gives results that are consistent with the available calcium oxide *American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036- 7406. tN
30、SF International, 789 N. Dixboro Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48105. viii Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/21/2007 03:26:40 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from
31、IHS -,-,- content obtained in use in water treatment. Other methods may be used but, in any case, the means of evaluation should be agreed on between the supplier and the purchaser at the time of purchase. The method of analysis for available calcium oxide content presented in this standard has been
32、 found by many users to be satisfactory as a basis for the purchase of lime for water treatment. Usable results will be obtained by this method only if the acid is carefully standardized according to the instructions included in this standard and only if the procedure for the specified test is follo
33、wed in exact detail. Some water utility personnel still believe that a better evaluation of lime can be made and that more accurate results can be obtained by determining total calcium oxide (Cao). In addition to available calcium oxide, such an analysis determines calcium oxide present as calcium c
34、arbonate-a factor of little importance in water treatment. For those who prefer the total calcium oxide method, and for those who wish to make a complete analysis, the methods outlined in ASTM* C25, Standard Test Methods of Chemical Analysis of Limestone, Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime, are recommende
35、d. The amount of available calcium oxide varies in limes from different geographic regions. These factors as source of rock, manufacturing conditions, type of kiln, type of fuel, and even personnel have an effect on product quality. ILB. lime. A lime that slakes at a rate consistent with plant equip
36、ment is more economical to use and less difficult to handle. A slaking-rate test to determine the reactivity of lime is included in this standard. This procedure was devised to control the variables that occur in the test, thus improving the reproducibility of results. The results of the slaking-rat
37、e test on a given quicklime should be correlated with the performance of the lime in the slaker. The slaking requirement for the lime can then be specified. Because most modern lime-slaking equipment contains devices for the removal of grit, sand, pebbles, and other coarse inert material and because
38、 overloading of the grit-removing devices is undesirable, a test for insoluble matter is provided in this standard. 1I.C. Magnesium and Insoluble Material. This standard sets no limit on mag- nesium because keeping the available calcium oxide content within the specified limit *American Society for
39、Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. i x Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/21/2007 03:26:40 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted wit
40、hout license from IHS -,-,- should automatically take care of any excess magnesium problem. No provision is made for high-magnesium lime for the specific reason that such lime is not suited for water treatment. Although insoluble matter (iron and aluminum) can cause turbidity when lime is applied to
41、 filtered water or to a water supply not to be filtered, no limit is set for these constituents because turbidity problems can be overcome by adding the lime as a saturated solution. If such a procedure is impractical, individual treatment plants may need to set up limits for total insoluble matter,
42、 iron, and aluminum when purchasing lime. This condition occurs so rarely that a provision for it in this standard was considered unwarranted. The test for insolubles included in this standard determines only those insolubles that are coarse enough to be retained in the slaker or grit remover. Likew
43、ise, no mention is made of the character of insoluble matter, assuming that its composition will not affect the application of lime if done using a dry-feed machine. 1I.D. Size andMarking. Sizes of lime are established in the standard to meet the requirements of various types of feed equipment. Alte
44、rnatively, purchasers may set size requirements to meet specific conditions. A change in size requirement should be made only after consultation with the manufacturer of the feed equipment being used. The standard also does not require the date of manufacture to be stamped on the bags in which the h
45、ydrated lime is shipped, assuming that the material will be delivered to the point of use in a condition to be handled readily in a dry-feed machine. 1I;E. Puxbase Basis. This standard describes only limes composed mainly of calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide. Special limes, such as dolomitic limes
46、for the removal of silica, are not included. Thus, for the purchase of lime of a different chemical composition, the purchaser must provide specifications describing the kind of material desired. The composition of such material should be agreed on by the supplier and purchaser before shipment. For
47、lime of any type, the purchaser may speciG the method of manufacture to be used in making the lime. Lime should be purchased according to the following industry-recommended guidelines: 1. Quicklime. In general, quicklime contains about 90 percent available calcium oxide in the material provided, alt
48、hough greater or lower percentages of available calcium oxide can be used. The quicklime should slake satisfactorily, based on the systems design. X Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale,
49、 03/21/2007 03:26:40 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Satisfactory “quick-slaking” lime will usually produce a temperature rise of 40C (72F) in 3 min, and the slaking reaction will be complete in 10 min or less when the lime is tested according to Sec. 5.4 of this standard. Satisfactor