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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS 7373-1:2001 Incorporat
2、ing Amendment No. 1 to BS 7373:1998 (renumbers BS 7373:1998 as BS 7373-1:2001) ICS 01.120 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Product specifications Part 1: Guide to preparation Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Thu Dec 07 1
3、3:26:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Management Systems Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 August 1998 BSI 07-2001 First publis
4、hed as BS 7373 February 1991 Second edition August 1998 Renumbered by amendment as BS 7373-1 July 2001 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference MS/4 Draft for comment 97/402934 DC ISBN 0 580 29577 X BS 7373-1:2001 Amendments issued since publication Amd.
5、No.DateComments 13203July 2001Renumbers BS 7373:1998 as BS 7373-1:2001 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee MS/4, Design management systems, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Cons
6、ulting Engineers Association of Project Managers BEAMA Ltd. British Standards Society Chartered Society of Designers Defence Manufacturers Association Department of Trade and Industry Design Council Electricity Association Federation of Small Businesses GAMBICA (BEAMA Ltd.) Health and Safety Executi
7、ve Institute of Civil Engineers Institute of Electrical Engineers Institute of Engineering Designers Institute of Mechanical Engineers Ministry of Defence Royal Institute of British Architects University of Glasgow University of Leeds Co-opted members Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, Lon
8、don South Bank University, Thu Dec 07 13:26:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7373-1:2001 BSI 07-2001i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover Forewordii Introduction1 1Scope1 2Terms and definitions1 3Types of specification1 3.1General1 3.2Triggers3 3.3Requirements3 3.4
9、Processes3 3.5Other types of specification3 4Presentation3 4.1General3 4.2Level of detail3 4.3Structure3 4.4Text5 5Content and preparation5 5.1General5 5.2Identification6 5.3Circulation6 5.4Contents6 5.5Foreword6 5.6Introduction6 5.7Scope6 5.8References6 5.9Body of the specification8 5.10 Annexes9 5
10、.11 Index9 5.12 Bibliography9 6Management of specifications9 6.1General9 6.2Policy9 6.3Security9 6.4Management of specifications during preparation9 6.5Management of issued specifications10 Annex A (informative) Alphabetical index of British Standard vocabularies11 Bibliography16 Figure 1 Order of u
11、se of specification types3 Figure 2 Some types of specification4 Figure 3 Stages in the preparation of a specification10 Table 1 Checklist of main items6 Table 2 Typical elements of a specification7 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Thu Dec 07 13:26:57 GMT+00
12、:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ii BSI 07-2001 BS 7373-1:2001 Foreword The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee MS/4. It supersedes BS 7373:1991, which is withdrawn. The 1991 edition of this standard was developed from PD 6112:1967, which gave guidance mainl
13、y on the preparation of manufacturing specifications. The 1998 edition has a greatly expanded scope, covering the preparation of specifications across all sectors of industry, commerce and the public sector. It applies to all technical, services, software, production and design areas, and also recog
14、nizes the importance of intellectual and other rights. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal
15、 obligations Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 16, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Licensed Copy: London South Bank Universi
16、ty, London South Bank University, Thu Dec 07 13:26:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BSI 07-20011 BS 7373-1:2001 Introduction The object of this British Standard is to provide guidance on the content, layout, preparation and management of all types of specification. Specifications are ro
17、utinely used throughout the manufacturing, construction, process and service industries, commerce and in the public sector to enable the implementation of products that satisfy an expressed need. The requirements are usually technical, commercial and legal and are applicable to products, processes a
18、nd services. Use of the word product throughout this standard applies to service, hardware, processed material and software deliverables, or any combination thereof. This standard is equally applicable to the specification of a domestic refuse collection system as it is to a store layout, a power st
19、ation, a can of soup, a file of machine code or a wheel nut. The concepts and attributes of the product being specified, together with any constraints, need to be set out to the appropriate degree of detail. This should enable the development, assessment, implementation, operation, maintenance and u
20、ltimate disposal of the product. Similar guidance may be needed in the drafting of user manuals, instruction books, or leaflets associated with products. These purposes are best achieved within the framework of a logical layout set out in an orderly fashion. Associated with the generation of specifi
21、cations are overall management considerations, including rights to data, intellectual property, liability to prospective users and legislative consequences including health and safety and the environment. Management duties continue after publication of a specification and may even persist after its
22、withdrawal. These duties may involve change management, product development and the handling of disputes. Specifications are an integral part of some standards and of contracts, and the level of precision finally used should correspond with these requirements. 1 Scope This British Standard gives gui
23、dance on the layout and preparation of specifications, and describes systems for their management. It applies to specifications used within industry, commerce and the public sector. The guidance is applicable to the specification of all types of product. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of t
24、his standard, the following definitions apply. NOTEReference to definitions given in BS 7000-10, BS EN ISO 8402 and BS EN ISO 10007 may also be useful. 2.1 performance specification document that specifies requirements in terms of features, characteristics, process conditions, limits and exclusions
25、defining the performance of the product NOTEA performance specification is sometimes referred to by the alternative term functional specification. 2.2 product specification document that prescribes the requirements that the product needs to fulfil in order to conform to the performance specification
26、 NOTE 1A product specification describes the features, characteristics and properties of a product, and gives all the information that is required to create it, including objective evidence that the product is capable of conforming to the performance specification. NOTE 2A product specification is s
27、ometimes referred to by the alternative term technical specification. 2.3 descriptive specification statement of the attributes of a product which enables prospective users to establish its fitness for use 2.4 general rule document specification that is used as a reference in many other applications
28、 2.5 product result of activities or processes NOTE 1A product may include service, hardware, processed material, software or a combination thereof. NOTE 2A product can be tangible (e.g. assemblies or processed materials) or intangible (e.g. knowledge or concepts), or a combination thereof. NOTE 3A
29、product can be either intended (e.g. an offering to customers) or unintended (e.g. a pollutant or unwanted effect). BS EN ISO 8402:1995, definition 1.4 2.6 requirement clause in a specification that details the attributes of the product, process or service which are necessary to achieve compliance 2
30、.7 normative necessary for compliance with a specification 3 Types of specification 3.1 General Specifications are generally written for two purposes: a) to state unequivocally requirements concerning the performance and technical attributes of a product; b) to give guidance on the process of making
31、 and using a product. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Thu Dec 07 13:26:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 2 BSI 07-2001 BS 7373-1:2001 The requirements and guidance needed to define and implement a product may be incorporated into one document, o
32、r exist in a whole series of inter-related documents. The approach taken is usually dictated by the size and complexity of the product and the precepts of the organization concerned. Figure 1 illustrates the relationship between the various kinds of specification used during a typical product life c
33、ycle. 3.2 Triggers An outline of the proposed product to be specified may be given in an initial brief that states the customers key requirements. This initial brief may be further developed into a business proposal, project brief, design brief and, if necessary, a full performance specification. Th
34、ese preliminary steps should be taken during the projects conception and feasibility phases, before any work on its implementation is authorized or started. 3.3 Requirements A performance specification should state the required attributes of the product, together with any constraints, without giving
35、 a detailed technical description. This information should then be used during the implementation phase as the basis for preparing a product specification that contains a full technical description of the product. A product specification may describe in detail a new product designed to meet a partic
36、ular customers requirement or general market requirement, or an existing product. Such specifications may be used for contractual purposes. The product specification needs to give all the information required to realize the product and provide objective evidence that the product conforms to its perf
37、ormance specification (or, in the absence of a performance specification, to the clients initial brief). Product specifications may also describe an existing product to a prospective customer and may be supplied in the form of a brochure, catalogue entry, handbook or user manual. Such descriptive sp
38、ecifications, when accepted by the customer, place an onus on the supplier to provide a product that conforms to the description; thus descriptions can become firm requirements. 3.4 Processes Process specifications (see Figure 2) should be developed where necessary to give detailed guidance on the t
39、echnical and procedural aspects of product implementation. They should be concerned with the required output, invariably the delivery of a product that conforms to the performance specification. The specification of processes should be broad and of a general nature, relying on internal and external
40、standards without necessarily making reference to them. These specifications are often referred to simply as procedures and should describe the way in which a set of inter-related resources and activities transforms inputs into outputs. 3.5 Other types of specification In addition to the generic spe
41、cifications that are defined in clause 2, a small selection of commonly used kinds of specification and their purposes are described in Figure 2. These may specify products and/or processes; they may be prescriptive and/or descriptive. 4 Presentation 4.1 General The purpose of a specification is to
42、convey information, and the ease with which this is achieved is influenced by the style of presentation. This clause provides guidance on this essential aspect of preparing specifications. Guidance on the presentation of technical manuals is given in BS 4884-3. Additional guidance on user requiremen
43、ts for technical manuals is given in BS 4899-2. Rules that apply to the structure, drafting and presentation of British Standard specifications are given in BS 0-3. Similar rules relating to International and European Standard specifications are given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. 4.2 Level of
44、detail In most sectors there exists a protocol setting out the level of detail needed in a specification to describe a product or process. The level of detail in a specification usually depends on its intended use; on the nature and value of the product or process described; on health, safety and en
45、vironmental considerations; and on the degree of maturity of standardization within the sector concerned. The end product usually has an inherent unwritten specification that is implied by industry standards and common practice. However, if there is any doubt about the suppliers knowledge of industr
46、y standards and common practice, the necessary extra detail should be provided in the specification. The intended use of the product should always be stated in specifications, to enable: a) reference to be made to relevant statutory instruments and embargoes; b) users to be informed of the limits of
47、 application of the product; c) evaluation of the product for fitness for purpose. 4.3 Structure 4.3.1 Clarity Requirements should be clearly stated and identified so that conformity can be readily checked. For ease of use, informative text such as explanations should be in the form of concise notes
48、 adjacent to, but distinct from, the relevant clauses. More extensive informative text, such as detailed guidance, should be put in annexes separate from the requirements clauses. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Thu Dec 07 13:26:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrol
49、led Copy, (c) BSI BSI 07-20013 BS 7373-1:2001 Clients requirements Corporate direction Market research Clients brief Business proposal Project and design brief Performance specification Statutory instruments Directives and mandates Corporate policy Standards and reference documents Product specification Process specifications NOTE These may be separate documents or part of the product specification e.g. Materials Manufacturing Inspection Test Identification/labelling Packaging Handling Process specifications NOTE These may be separate documents or part of