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1、BRITISH STANDARD CONFIRMED JANUARY 1993 BS 753:1987 Schedule for Density-composition tables for aqueous solutions of sulphuric acid UDC 531.756(083.4/.6):546.226 325 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 13:30:12 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c)
2、BSI BS 753:1987 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Laboratory Apparatus Standards Committee was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 23 December 1987 BSI 01-2000 First published September 1937 First revision February 1959 Seco
3、nd revision December 1987 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference LBC/5 Draft for comment 86/50537 DC ISBN 0 580 16220 6 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Laboratory Apparatus S
4、tandards Committee (LBC/-) to Technical Committee LBC/5, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Laboratory Ware Association Department of Trade and Industry (Laboratory of the Government Chemist) Department of Trade and Industry (National Weights and Measures Laboratory) Institute
5、 of Brewing Institute of Petroleum National Sulphuric Acid Association Royal Society of Chemistry Scientific Glassware Association Scotch Whisky Association Society of Glass Technology Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.Date of issueComments Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, Lond
6、on South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 13:30:12 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 753:1987 BSI 01-2000i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover Forewordii 1Scope1 2Basis of Table 11 3Application of Table 11 Appendix A Correction of readings taken on BS hydrometers52 Appendix
7、 B BS hydrometers available for use in conjunction with the tables55 Appendix C Examples of the use of Table 1 in conjunction with BS hydrometers55 Table 1 Density-composition table for aqueous solutions of sulphuric acid2 Table 2 Corrections to be applied to obtain density at t52 Table 3 Temperatur
8、e corrections for BS hydrometers53 Table 4 Surface tensions of aqueous solutions of sulphuric acid at 20 C53 Table 5 Maximum errors introduced by ignoring surface tension when reading BS hydrometers, adjusted for 55 mN/m, in aqueous solutions of sulphuric acid in an ordinary hydrometer jar54 Table 6
9、 Maximum errors due to omission of all corrections to BS hydrometers adjusted for 55 mN/m54 Table 7 BS hydrometers available for use in aqueous solutions of sulphuric acid56 Publications referred toInside back cover Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 0
10、8 13:30:12 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 753:1987 ii BSI 01-2000 Foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Laboratory Apparatus Standards Committee. This British Standard was first published in 1937 and was revised in 1959. This revision supersedes t
11、he 1959 edition which is withdrawn. The United Kingdom participated in the preparation by Technical Committee TC 47, Chemistry, of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) of the related ISO Recommendation ISO/R 911:1968, but disapproved it on technical grounds. The United Kingdom ma
12、intained the disapproval when ISO/R 911:1968 was converted to ISO 911:1977. Together with hydrometers the tables provide a simple means of determining the strength of any given aqueous solution of sulphuric acid, or making up a solution of known strength. The tables may, or course, be used with othe
13、r methods of determining density (for example, see BS 733). The previous edition of this British Standard made reference to density and specific gravity hydrometers complying with BS 718:1953. When BS 718 was revised in 1979 it was aligned as far as possible with the intentions of Technical Committe
14、e 48, Laboratory glassware and related apparatus, of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The term “specific gravity” was replaced by “relative density”, scales of relative density were excluded, and scales marked in kilograms per cubic metre were introduced as an alternative to
15、 grams per millilitre. Users who had a continuing need for relative density hydrometres (d 60/60 F) were referred to ISO 650. The readings of a 60/60 F relative density hydrometer can readily be corrected (see Appendix A) to yield density (in kg/m3) of the liquid at the temperature at which the hydr
16、ometer is used. Within 1 to 2 parts in 1 000, readings at a temperature t (in C) of a 60/60 F relative density hydrometer can be taken as the density (in kg/m3) at t. To an accuracy which is very frequently adequate (within 1 part in 1 000), the reading at a temperature t between 10 C and 40 C on a
17、20 C or 15 C density hydrometer complying with BS 718 may be accepted as the density (in kg/m3) of the liquid at t. Density and relative density hydrometers therefore may often be used without correction. Appendix A gives information on how the highest accuracy can be obtained. Recommendations as to
18、 the choice of suitable hydrometers for use in connection with these tables are given in Appendix B. Appendix C gives examples of the use of density-composition tables in conjunction with these hydrometers. The principal differences between BS 753:1959 and this edition are: a) density, in Table 1, i
19、s given in kilograms per cubic metre instead of grams per millilitre; b) SI units have been used throughout and, where applicable, the tables have been recomputed; c) recommendations as to the choice of suitable hydrometers for use in conjunction with Table 1 have been revised to accord with BS 718;
20、 d) the temperature calculations given in Table 3 have been computed using the value of the thermal cubical expansion coefficient quoted in ISO 1768 for use in the preparation of measurement tables for liquids. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 13:
21、30:12 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 753:1987 BSI 01-2000iii A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confe
22、r immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 58, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated
23、in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 13:30:12 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv blank Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 13:30:12 GMT+00:0
24、0 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 753:1987 BSI 01-20001 1 Scope This British Standard gives a table that enables the composition of an aqueous solution of sulphuric acid to be determined from its density at temperatures between 10 C and 40 C. Appendix A gives information on the corrections which
25、 are necessary when density is determined by a hydrometer complying with BS 7181). Appendix B gives information on the choice of BS hydrometers that are suitable for the determination of density of sulphuric acid solutions. Appendix C gives examples of the use of a BS hydrometer in conjunction with
26、Table 1. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Basis of Table 1 Table 1 is based on data obtained from the International Critical Tables, 1928, Vol. III, page 56, which are still accepted as authoritative. It should be observed that th
27、e table relates to mass, not to apparent mass in air. 3 Application of Table 1 3.1 Determination of Dt Table 1 is arranged primarily for ease in determining the strength of an aqueous solution of sulphuric acid of known density. The density of a solution of known strength can, however, be obtained q
28、uite readily from the table. Moreover, by the application of small allowances (see Appendix A) Table 1 can be used to find the strength of solutions of known relative density or the relative density of solutions of known strength. Consider, for example, a solution containing 10 g of H2SO4 in 100 g o
29、f solution, i.e. one for which g = 10. By looking up the value of Dt corresponding to the value g = 10 under any particular temperature in Table 1, the density of the solution at that temperature can be obtained. Thus, for example, the density of the solution is 1 070 kg/m3 at 10 C, 1 066 kg/m3 at 2
30、0 C, etc. Due allowance, based on the density of water at the various temperatures concerned, can then be made to find the corresponding relative densities at the same temperature as the acid. It should be observed that the percentage composition g of a solution is independent of its temperature, bu
31、t G, the number of grams of sulphuric acid in 1 L of solution, varies with the temperature of the solution owing to the change in volume of the solution with change in temperature. Hence, the concentration G should always be associated with a particular temperature. For a given value of G applicable
32、 at a particular temperature, Table 1 can be used to obtain the density of the solution at the specified temperature or at any other temperature within the range of the table. The value of G for the solution at temperatures other than the specified one can also be obtained. For example, consider a s
33、olution 1 L of which, at 20 C, contains 200 g of H2SO4. In Table 1 the value of Dt corresponding to G = 200 under 20 C is 1 123 kg/m3 and the corresponding value of g is 17.8 g. By tracing the value g = 17.8 g through the table, and interpolating where necessary, the density Dt at various temperatur
34、es of the solution containing 200 g of H2SO4 in 1 L of solution at 20 C can be obtained and also the number of grams of H2SO4 in 1 L of the solution at various temperatures. The following are examples of values which may thus be obtained. 1) From hereon referred to as a BS hydrometer. tH2SO4 in 100
35、g of solution Density of solution at tH2SO4 in 1 L of solution at t C 10 20 30 40 g 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 kg/m3 1 128 1 123 1 117 1 111 g 200 200 198 198 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 13:30:12 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 753:198
36、7 2 BSI 01-2000 3.2 Double entries Between Dt= 1 811 kg/m3 and Dt= 1 846 kg/m3 two values of g and two of G are given against certain values of Dt. This is necessary because the density of mixtures of sulphuric acid and water attains a maximum value at a concentration of approximately 97 g of sulphu
37、ric acid in 100 g of solution. Hence, over a small range on each side of the maximum, there are two possible concentrations for each particular density. Both values are given in Table 1, the values for the less concentrated solution being given in light type and those for the more concentrated solut
38、ion in bold type. Table 1 Density-composition table for aqueous solutions of sulphuric acid Dt is the density (mass per unit volume) of solution (in kg/m3) at a temperature t (in C) for many purposes it can be assumed that irrespective of the value of t the reading of a BS density hydrometer at t gi
39、ves the density Dt, and that the reading of a 60/60 F relative density hydrometer at t is numerically 0.001 greater than Dt/1000 (see Appendix A). g is the mass (in g) of H2SO4 in 100 g mass of solution. G is the mass (in g) of H2SO4 in a quantity of solution occupying 1 L at the temperature stated
40、at the head of the column. t10 C12 C14 C16 C18 C20 C22 C DtgGgGgGgGgGgGgG 1 000 1 001 1 002 1 003 1 004 1 005 1 006 1 007 1 008 1 009 1 010 1 011 1 012 1 013 1 014 1 015 1 016 1 017 1 018 1 019 1 020 1 021 1 022 1 023 1 024 1 025 1 026 1 027 1 028 1 029 1 030 1 031 1 032 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9
41、1.0 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.7 0 2 3 5 6 8 9 10 12 13 15 16 18 19 21 22 24 25 27 28 30 31 33 34 36 37 39 40 42 43 45 46 48 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.7
42、3.8 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.7 1 2 4 5 6 8 9 11 12 14 15 17 18 20 21 23 24 26 27 29 30 32 33 35 36 38 40 41 43 44 46 47 49 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.8 1 3 4 5 7 8 10 11 13 14 16 17 19 20 22 23 25 26
43、28 29 31 32 34 35 37 39 40 42 43 45 46 48 49 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.9 1 3 4 6 7 9 10 12 13 15 16 18 19 21 22 24 25 27 28 30 32 33 35 36 38 39 41 42 44 46 47 49 50 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.
44、2 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.8 5.0 2 3 5 6 8 9 11 12 14 15 17 18 20 21 23 24 26 28 29 31 32 34 35 37 39 40 42 43 45 46 48 49 51 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.8 4.0 4
45、.2 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.9 5.0 3 4 6 7 8 10 11 13 14 16 17 19 21 22 24 25 27 28 30 31 33 35 36 38 39 41 43 44 46 47 49 51 52 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.0 5.1 3 5 6 8 9 11 12 14 15 17 18 20 21 23 24 26 28 2
46、9 31 32 34 36 37 39 40 42 44 45 47 48 50 52 53 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 13:30:12 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 753:1987 BSI 01-20003 Table 1 Density-composition table for aqueous solutions of sulphuric acid Dt is the densit
47、y (mass per unit volume) of solution (in kg/m3) at a temperature t (in C) for many purposes it can be assumed that irrespective of the value of t the reading of a BS density hydrometer at t gives the density Dt, and that the reading of a 60/60 F relative density hydrometer at t is numerically 0.001
48、greater than Dt/1000 (see Appendix A). g is the mass (in g) of H2SO4 in 100 g mass of solution. G is the mass (in g) of H2SO4 in a quantity of solution occupying 1 L at the temperature stated at the head of the column. 24 C26 C28 C30 C32 C34 C36 C38 C40 Ct gGgGgGgGgGgGgGgGgGDt 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.
49、1 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.8 5.0 5.1 5.3 4 6 7 9 10 12 13 14 16 18 19 21 22 24 25 27 29 30 32 33 35 37 38 40 41 43 45 46 48 49 51 53 54 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.8 4.9 5.1 5.2 5.4 5 6 8 9 11 12 14 15 17 18 20 22 23 25 26 28 30 31 33 34 36 38 39 41 43 44 46 47 49 51 52 54 56 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.8 4.0