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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 7712:1993 ISO 8999:1993 Specification for Graphical symbols for reciprocating internal combustion engines UDC 621.432:003.62 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 09:58:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7712:1993 This
2、 British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Machinery and Components Standards Policy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 October 1993 BSI 07-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Comm
3、ittee reference MCE/14 Draft for comment 91/75921 DC ISBN 0 580 22334 5 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Machinery and Components Standards Policy Committee (MCE/-) to Technical Committee MCE/14, upon which the following b
4、odies were represented: Association of Consulting Engineers British Railways Board Ministry of Defence Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Ltd. The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: Agricultural Engineers Association Asso
5、ciation of Manufacturers of Power Generating Systems and Association of British Generating Set Manufactuers British Industrial Truck Association Department of Transport Health and Safety Executive Marine Engine and Equipment Manufacturers Association Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateC
6、omments Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 09:58:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7712:1993 BSI 07-1999i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover National forewordii 1Scope1 2Normative references1 3Definitions1 4General
7、1 5Basic symbols3 6Safety signs7 7Engine symbols8 Annex A (informative) Bibliography15 Figure 12 List of referencesInside back cover Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 09:58:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7712:1993 ii BSI 07-1999 N
8、ational foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Machinery and Components Standards Policy Committee and is identical with ISO 8999:1993 Reciprocating internal combustion engines Graphical symbols, published by the International Organization for Standardization (IS
9、O). The Technical Committee has reviewed the provisions of ISO 3864:1984 and IEC 73:1991 to which normative reference is made in the text, and has decided that they are acceptable for use in conjunction with this standard. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions o
10、f a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Cross-references International standardCorresponding British Standard ISO 3461-1:1988BS 7477:1991 Guide for general pr
11、inciples for the creation of graphical symbols for use on equipment (Identical) Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 16, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had am
12、endments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 09:58:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7712:1993 BSI 07-19991 1 Scope This International Standard spec
13、ifies graphical symbols for operator controls, gauges, tell-tale indicators and instructions for reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engines to provide necessary information on their use and operation. It is applicable to RIC engines for land, rail traction and marine use, excluding engines used
14、 to propel road vehicles and aircraft. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision,
15、and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 3461-1:1988, General principle
16、s for the creation of graphical symbols Part 1: Graphical symbols for use on equipment. ISO 3864:1984, Safety colours and safety signs. IEC 73:1991, Coding of indicating devices and actuators by colours and supplementary means. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the follo
17、wing definitions apply. 3.1 basic graphical symbol symbol used individually or in combination to make a composite symbol 3.2 composite symbol symbol made from combinations of symbol elements 4 General 4.1 Symbols shall be as shown in clauses 5 to 7 of this International Standard. In general, symbols
18、 are shown in outline form. Where necessary for legibility when reduced to a small size, enclosed areas within symbols or symbol elements may be filled in. 4.2 The symbols included in clause 5 are basic symbols which may be used for general application as well as to create composite symbols. 4.3 The
19、 composite symbols included in clauses 6 and 7 are developed using basic symbols from clause 5 as elements where applicable to provide families of symbols associated with functions and systems. 4.4 As required, additional composite symbols may be developed using the basic symbols from clause 5, prov
20、ided that the characteristics specified in ISO 3461-1 are maintained. 4.5 Limitations inherent in some reproduction and display technologies may require increased line thickness or other minor modifications of symbols. Such modifications are acceptable provided the symbol remains unchanged in its ba
21、sic graphical elements, and easily discernible by the operator. 4.6 Additionally, to improve the appearance and perceptibility of a graphical symbol or to coordinate with the design of the equipment to which it is applied, it may be necessary to change the line thickness or to round off the corners
22、of the symbol. The graphical designer is normally free to make such changes provided that the essential perceptual characteristics of the symbol are maintained. See ISO 3461-1:1988, 10.2. 4.7 For actual use, all symbols shall be reproduced large enough to be easily discernible by the operator. See I
23、SO 3461-1 for guidelines for proper sizing of symbols. Symbols shall be used in the orientations shown in this International Standard unless otherwise noted for individual symbols. 4.8 Symbols on controls and displays shall have good contrast to their background. A light symbol on a dark background
24、is preferred for most controls. Displays may use either a light symbol on a dark background or a dark symbol on a light background, depending upon which alternative provides the best visual perception. When a symbol image is reversed (for example, black to white and vice versa) it shall be done for
25、the entire symbol. 4.9 When using symbols with multifunction controls, understanding is improved and the presentation simplified where symbols are combined to the least extent possible. The example shown in Figure 1 is for a typical engine operation key switch, having separate positions for Off, On
26、and Start. 4.10 The fonts shown in this International Standard are not intended to be restrictive: other fonts may be substituted, but care shall be taken that legibility is maintained. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 09:58:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Unc
27、ontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7712:1993 2 BSI 07-1999 4.11 Symbols in this International Standard are presented 32 % of original size. The grid marks “L” denote the corners of the 75 mm square of the graphic grid presented. The grid marks are not part of the symbol but are provided to ensure consistent
28、 presentation of all symbol graphics. 4.12 Microfiches of the symbols are available from the ISO/TC 145 Secretariat. 4.13 When used on optical indicators or tell-tales, the following colours have the meanings indicated: red: danger, unsafe or malfunction yellow or amber: caution green: safe or norma
29、l NOTE 1Where practical, the indicators should be banded such that red are positioned above yellow/amber which are positioned above green. Figure 1 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 09:58:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7712:1993 B
30、SI 07-19993 5 Basic symbols No.SymbolDescriptionApplicationISO/IEC Registration No. 5.1EngineTo signify functions associated with the engine. ISO 7000:1156 5.2MalfunctionTo indicate a possible malfunction. A red colour indicator with a basic symbol may be used alternatively to indicate a malfunction
31、. ISO 7000:1603 5.3FuelTo signify the fuel quantity indicator. To signify functions associated with fuel. At the fuel fill to indicate a gasoline-type fuel. ISO 7000:0245 B 5.4Unleaded gasoline fuel To signify functions associated with fuel. At the fuel fill to indicate unleaded gasoline fuel. Varia
32、nt of ISO 7000:0237 5.5Diesel fuelTo signify functions associated with fuel. At the fuel fill to indicate diesel fuel. ISO 7000:1541 5.6Liquid coolant To signify functions associated with liquid-type coolant. ISO 7000:0536 5.7Intake airTo signify functions associated with intake air. ISO 7000:1604 L
33、icensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 09:58:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7712:1993 4 BSI 07-1999 5.8Exhaust gasTo signify functions associated with exhaust gas. ISO 7000:1605 5.9TemperatureTo signify functions associated with tempera
34、ture. ISO 7000:0034 5.10Flow/directionTo indicate the direction of a function. To signify functions associated with controls. ISO 7000:0251 5.11Level indicatorTo signify a liquid level. NOTE 2This symbol should be used in the orientation shown. When used in composite symbols to indicate fluid levels
35、, the vertical line at the apex of the pointer may be replaced by the appropriate symbol. Application of ISO 7000:0159 5.12Oil (lubricating)To identify functions associated with lubricating oil. ISO 7000:1056 5.13FilterTo signify functions associated with filtering. ISO 7000:1369 5.14CrankingTo sign
36、ify functions associated with starting or cranking. ISO 7000:1365 No.SymbolDescriptionApplicationISO/IEC Registration No. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 09:58:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7712:1993 BSI 07-19995 5.15PressureTo
37、 signify functions associated with pressure. NOTE 3When used in composite symbols, the appropriate symbol is used between the arrows to indicate the medium pressurized. ISO 7000:1701 5.16Continuous adjustment linear increase/decrease To identify a linear control which regulates a quantity. The quant
38、ity increases with the symbol width. IEC 417:5004 5.17Continuous adjustment rotational increase/decrease To identify a rotary control which regulates a quantity. The quantity increases with the symbol width. Radius is dependent on control diameter. ISO 7000:1364 5.18Elapsed hoursTo indicate the cumu
39、lative elapsed hours of operating time. ISO 7000:1366 5.19Clockwise rotation To indicate engine or equipment rotation in a clockwise direction. ISO 7000:0258 5.20Counter-clockwise rotation To indicate engine or equipment rotation in a counter-clockwise direction. ISO 7000:0937 5.21Air-cooled oil coo
40、ler To signify functions associated with oil coolers. Upper symbol is medium being cooled; lower symbol is cooling medium. ISO 7000:1542 No.SymbolDescriptionApplicationISO/IEC Registration No. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 09:58:50 GMT+00:00 20
41、06, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7712:1993 6 BSI 07-1999 5.22Liquid-cooled oil cooler To signify functions associated with oil coolers. Upper symbol is medium being cooled; lower symbol is cooling medium. ISO 7000:1543 5.23Air-to-air charge air cooler To signify functions associated with charge air
42、 coolers. Upper symbol is medium being cooled; lower symbol is cooling medium. ISO 7000:1544 5.24Air-to-water charge air cooler To signify functions associated with charge air coolers. Upper symbol is medium being cooled; lower symbol is cooling medium. ISO 7000:1545 5.25RadiatorTo signify the funct
43、ions associated with radiators for cooling engine coolant. Cooling medium is air. ISO 7000:1390 5.26Water-to-water heat exchanger (Keel cooler) To signify functions associated with water-to-water heat exchangers. Upper symbol is medium being cooled; lower symbol is cooling medium. ISO 7000:1546 5.27
44、Pneumatic systemTo indicate a pneumatic system.ISO 7000:0231 5.28AirTo indicate functions associated with the use of ambient air. ISO 7000:0537 No.SymbolDescriptionApplicationISO/IEC Registration No. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 09:58:50 GMT+0
45、0:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7712:1993 BSI 07-19997 6 Safety signs Safety signs shall be in accordance with ISO 3864. No.SignDescriptionApplication 6.1Caution/warningTo indicate a risk of personal injury. 6.2Caution/warning: pressurized To indicate a risk of personal injury from pressuri
46、zed fluids. 6.3Caution/warning: electrical hazard To indicate a risk of personal injury from high voltage or current sources. 6.4Caution/warning: temperature hazard To indicate a risk of personal injury from high temperature. 6.5No smokingTo indicate locations where smoking is hazardous and is there
47、fore prohibited. 6.6Fire riskTo indicate areas or materials which are a high fire risk. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 09:58:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 7712:1993 8 BSI 07-1999 7 Engine symbols No.SymbolDescriptionApplicatio
48、nISO/IEC Registration No. 7.1OnTo identify a control or control position to cause equipment to operate. IEC 417:5007 7.2OffTo identify a control or control position to cease equipment operation. IEC 417:5008 7.3Battery charging condition To indicate the condition of battery charging. ISO 7000:0247 7
49、.4Engine crankingTo indicate engine cranking control. Recommended for use with single function controls. ISO 7000:1387 7.5Engine start aid, diesel preheat To indicate the control to activate preheating of engine intake air. ISO 7000:0457 7.6Engine start aid, gas injection To indicate the control to activate gas injection for starting. ISO 7000:1547 7.7Engine start aid, choke To indicate the control to operate the choke. ISO 7000:0243 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 09:58:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy