《BS-8207-1985.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《BS-8207-1985.pdf（22页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 8207:1985 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Code of practice for Energy efficiency in buildings UDC 69 + 72.011:620.9 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 02:06:37 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8207:1985 This British St
2、andard, having been prepared under the direction of the Basic Data and Performance Criteria for Civil Engineering and Building Structures Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 30 August 1985 BSI 10-1999 The following BSI references relate
3、 to the work on this standard: Committee reference BDB/2 Draft for comment 82/14255 DC ISBN 0 580 14607 3 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Basic Data and Performance Criteria for Civil Engineering and Building Structures S
4、tandards Committee (BDB/-) to Technical Committee BDB/2 upon which the following bodies were represented: Aggregate Concrete Block AssociationDepartment of the Environment for Northern Association for the Conservation of EnergyIreland Association of Building ComponentElectricity Supply Industry in E
5、ngland and Manufacturers Ltd.Wales Association of County CouncilsEngineering Equipment and Materials Users Association of District CouncilsAssociation Association of Metropolitan AuthoritiesEurisol (UK) Association of Manufacturers of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete ProductsMineral Fibre Insulation Asso
6、ciationFlat Glass Manufacturers Association Brick Development AssociationGreater London Council British Board of AgrmentGypsum Products Development Association British Gas CorporationHEVAC Association British Precast Concrete Federation Ltd.Incorporated Association of Architects and Building Employe
7、rs ConfederationSurveyors Building Services Research and InformationInstitution of Civil Engineers AssociationInstitution of Gas Engineers Cement and Concrete AssociationInstitution of Structural Engineers Chartered Institute of BuildingLighting Industry Federation Ltd. Chartered Institution of Buil
8、ding ServicesMinistry of Defence EngineersNational Council of Building Materials Concrete SocietyProducers Consumer Standards Advisory Committee ofNational House-building Council BSINational Illumination Committee of Great Cranfield Institute of TechnologyBritain Department of Education and ScienceR
9、oyal Institute of British Architects Department of Energy (Energy EfficiencyRoyal Institution of Chartered Surveyors Office)Scottish Development Department Department of Health and Social SecurityStructural Insulation Association Department of the Environment (BuildingTimber Research and Development
10、 Research Establishment)Association Department of the Environment (Housing andTrades Union Congress Construction Industries)Watt Committee on Energy Ltd. Department of the Environment (Property Services Agency) Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.Date of issueComments 8151February 1994Indica
11、ted by a sideline in the margin Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 02:06:37 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8207:1985 BSI 10-1999i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover Forewordii Section 1. General 1Scope1 2Definition
12、s1 3Procedures1 4Energy requirement1 5Energy targets and environmental objectives1 6Economic considerations2 7Energy management2 Section 2. Design approach 8General3 9Design methodology3 10Check-list and timing of decisions3 Section 3. Economic analysis 11Cost in the evaluation of energy efficiency5
13、 12Types of analysis5 Section 4. Energy management 13Essential energy management features7 14Energy management programme7 15Owners manual7 16Operating and maintenance procedures7 17Commissioning and testing8 18Monitoring8 Appendix A Bibliography9 Appendix B Check-list10 Appendix C Summary of main st
14、ages in energy and environmental design16 Figure 1 Comparative break-even point6 Table 1 Bar chart showing timing of design decisions4 Table 2 Design check-list10 Publications referred toInside back cover Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 02:06:37
15、GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8207:1985 ii BSI 10-1999 Foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Basic Data and Performance Criteria for Civil Engineering and Building Structure Standards Committee. The standard was amended in 1994 to include recomme
16、ndations for environmental objectives related to energy conservation and a summary of the main stages in energy and environmental design. Buildings account for about half the fuel and electric power expended in the UK. Most of this is used for heating, hot water, lighting and air conditioning. The c
17、hief incentive for energy efficiency in buildings is economy, i.e. eliminating waste and thus reducing expenditure, taking into account both the capital outlay and running costs. There is also a national interest in conserving fossil fuels. Energy efficiency can also reduce the risks of acid rain an
18、d global warming. At present carbon dioxide emissions are estimated to be responsible for about three-quarters of the effect of global warming. Half of the carbon dioxide emitted in the UK results from the use of energy in buildings. Energy efficiency can therefore make an important contribution to
19、the quality of the environment. The aim of this standard is to promote energy efficiency in buildings, that is, conserving energy in cost-effective ways. It seeks to provide a basis on which the designers of buildings and their clients can work to achieve this aim. Nevertheless, energy efficiency is
20、 only one of the requirements that a building should satisfy: the functions for which it is used, its provisions for health and safety, its appearance and its overall economy have also to be taken into account. However, there are minimum standards contained in the Building Regulations regarding the
21、conservation of fuel and power which have to be satisfied. The design team has to produce a balanced solution of which energy efficiency measures are an integral part. To achieve this it is important that the architect and building services engineer work together from an early stage in the project,
22、and are well informed at the outset of the available energy efficiency options. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself c
23、onfer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 16, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indic
24、ated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 02:06:37 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8207:1985 BSI 10-19991 Section 1. General 1 Scope This British Standard gives recommendations for the ma
25、in procedures to be followed to obtain the efficient use of energy in the design and management of buildings and to attain desirable environmental objectives. It applies to the design of new buildings and the rehabilitation of existing buildings, to the operation and maintenance of buildings, and to
26、 all types of buildings including housing. NOTE 1A bibliography, containing some of the more important sources of information relevant to this topic is given in Appendix A. NOTE 2The titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Definitions For the pu
27、rposes of this British Standard, the definitions given in BS 3533 and BS 6100 apply. 3 Procedures In order to obtain the efficient use of energy in the design and management of buildings, certain procedures should be followed. These procedures, which should be agreed between the client, his professi
28、onal advisers and, where feasible, the user, are as follows: a) adoption of a method for estimating the energy requirement (see clause 4); b) establishing the energy targets for the comparison of design options (see clause 5); c) assessment of the cost-effectiveness of the proposed expenditures (see
29、 clause 6); d) taking measures for efficient energy management (see clause 7). 4 Energy requirement The energy requirement should be established using one of the following procedures. a) In the case of new building or major rehabilitation work, a calculation procedure should be used which takes into
30、 account at least the following factors: 1) required environmental conditions and periods of use; 2) climatic conditions; 3) thermal transmittance of each part of the enclosure of the building; 4) thermal response of the buildings main constructional elements; 5) ventilation strategy and rate of air
31、 change (e.g. natural ventilation, mechanical extract, air conditioning); 6) lighting requirements and relationship between daylight and electric light; 7) effects of incidental gains (e.g. occupants, lighting, solar gain); 8) effects of shading; 9) effects of controls on the main energy-using servi
32、ces; 10) efficiency of the equipment. The procedure should permit the calculation of the effect and interaction of these and any other factors dealt with. b) In the case of existing buildings, demand can be established by direct measurements, e.g. by metering of energy use. The effect of any changes
33、 in use or modifications to the building should then be assessed using the calculation procedure in item a) of this clause. 5 Energy targets and environmental objectives 5.1 Energy targets The purpose of an energy target is to provide a yardstick against which to compare the performance of design op
34、tions (whether estimated performance as in the case of design studies or measured performance when managing an installation) so that judgement can be formed of the quality of performance expected or achieved. Where the energy target includes the possibility of a trade-off between different fuels, th
35、en their relative cost may need to be taken into account. Energy targets should be established using one of the following methods. a) In the case of new building design or major rehabilitation work, targets for design purposes may be based upon either: 1) the performance characteristic of buildings
36、of the type being designed where this is available for example, as in the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers CIBS Building Energy Code, Part 2 a) or EEO Best Practice Energy Consumption Guides; or 2) analysis of the estimated energy demand of buildings of the type being designed, u
37、sing the calculation procedure described in clause 4. b) In the case of existing buildings, energy consumption targets should be based on either: 1) theoretical calculations as for new buildings, as described in item a) of this clause, to determine optimum performance; or 2) energy consumption recor
38、ds for the building being considered; or Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 02:06:37 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8207:1985 2 BSI 10-1999 3) statistically determined performance indicators (e.g. those found in the CIBS Building Ener
39、gy Code, Part 4 or EEO Best Practice Energy Consumption Guides) to compare actual performance with theoretical performance. c) Energy targets for unusual building designs should be derived by careful modelling work, underpinned where possible with results from analogous buildings. 5.2 Environmental
40、objectives At an early stage in design, environmental objectives should be selected with a view to limiting primary energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions and to reducing environmental pollution. Targets for carbon dioxide emissions in kg/m2 per year can be chosen by reference to the BRE En
41、vironmental Assessment Method (see A.1, item 14). During the development of the design quantitative assessments of the likely environmental effects should be made periodically to assist decision making and to ensure it is on course to meet these targets. 5.3 Energy labels Energy ratings for new and
42、existing homes are available which can give an estimate of running costs and CO2 emissions based on the Building Research Establishments BREDEM and can provide a design tool for energy efficiency. In addition, they may provide assessments of interstitial condensation and of surface condensation risk
43、 in the dwelling under various heating regimes. To enable home energy ratings from labelling systems to be compared, the Government has developed a Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP). Details of this are given in a BRE publication (see A.1, item 23). 6 Economic considerations Methods for assessing
44、the cost-effectiveness of energy proposals should take account of the following: a) capital costs; b) periodic charges and their timing; c) value of benefits and their timing; d) discount rate(s); e) the period of time over which costs and benefits are to be considered. The economic objective is nor
45、mally either: 1) to achieve a required return on investment; or 2) to get the best return for a fixed budget; or 3) to achieve a stated standard of performance at least cost; or 4) to meet some other economically measurable criterion. Types of economic analysis are described in section 3. 7 Energy m
46、anagement The following measures should be taken for efficient energy management. a) Energy-using services should be arranged in zones and otherwise so that the controls can respond effectively to changes in occupancy and load. b) Appropriate controls should be provided to permit economic regulation
47、 of all energy-using services. c) Metering and sub-metering of energy supplies should be provided to assist in the management of energy use. d) A planned approach to energy management, as outlined in section 4, should be adopted. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank Univers
48、ity, Fri Dec 08 02:06:37 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8207:1985 BSI 10-19993 Section 2. Design approach 8 General Many decisions which affect the energy efficiency of buildings are taken at an early stage of design. Table 1 identifies some of the factors involved and shows, in relat
49、ion to the stages of the Royal Institute of British Architects RIBA Plan of Work, how early in the design process they may become fixed. In Table 1, item 5 “site suitability” should include consideration of access by pedestrians and from public transport. Location of buildings is a major determinant of transport energy use, which is the fastest growing energy use sector in the UK. 9 Design methodology A specific design methodology should be adopted which will identify significant factors and ensure that they are given attention at the proper stages of design. The m