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1、Design for manufacture, assembly, disassembly and endoflife processing (MADE) Part 2: Terms and definitions BS 88872:2009 raising standards worldwide NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BSI British Standards Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 12/06/2009
2、02:55, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8887-2:2009BRITISH STANDARD Publishing and copyright information The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. BSI 2009 ISBN 978 0 580 63285 3 ICS 01.100.01 The following BSI references relate to the work on this
3、 standard: Committee reference TDW/4 Draft for comment 08/30182996 DC Publication history First published April 2009 Amendments issued since publication Date Text affected Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 12/06/2009 02:55, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BRITISH STANDARD BSI 2009 i BS 8887-2
4、:2009 Contents Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions 1 Annexes Annex A (informative) Overview of MADE 8 Bibliography 9 List of figures Figure A.1 Product lifecycle 8 Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to ii, pages 1
5、 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover. Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 12/06/2009 02:55, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8887-2:2009 ii BSI 2009 BRITISH STANDARD Foreword Publishing information This part of BS 8887 was published by BSI and came into effect on 30 April 2009. It wa
6、s prepared by Technical Committee TDW/4, Technical product realization (TPR) Methodology, presentation and verification. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Relationship with other standards When finished, BS 8887 will be published in a
7、number of parts, including: Part 1: General concepts, process and requirements; Part 2: Terms and definitions. Other parts are being developed. Presentational conventions The provisions of this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Commentary, explanation and general informative mater
8、ial is presented in smaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element. Contractual and legal considerations This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard ca
9、nnot confer immunity from legal obligations. Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 12/06/2009 02:55, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BRITISH STANDARD BSI 2009 1 BS 8887-2:2009 1 Scope This part of BS 8887 defines terms for design for manufacture, assembly, disassembly and end-of-life processing (
10、MADE). NOTE 1 An overview of MADE is given in Annex A. NOTE 2 This vocabulary was drafted with users of BS 8887, BS 8888 and BS 8889 in mind (see BS 88871:2006, Annex D). NOTE 3 Although terms are often defined differently in different industries, this standard has been drafted to attempt to provide
11、 a single definition for common terms in as many cases as possible, so that any particular word is used consistently in the MADE series (and related series). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only t
12、he edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. BS 7000-10:2008, Design management systems Part 10: Vocabulary of terms used in design management BS 8887-1:2006, Design for manufacture, assembly, disassembly and endo
13、flife processing (MADE) Part 1: General concepts, process and requirements BS 8888:2008, Technical product specification (TPS) Specification 3 Terms and definitions 3.1 asnew product returned to a condition where it meets its original specification, from the users perspective 3.2 assemble bring comp
14、onents together and fit them into a specified configuration 3.3 assembly collection of components fitted together in such a way as to be considered as a single unit for subsequent operations or use 3.4 boughtout parts available to buy from a catalogue, or other generally available source 3.5 carbon
15、footprint measure of the total carbon dioxide equivalent emitted over a defined portion of the lifecycle of a product or activity NOTE 1 A stated carbon footprint has to be accompanied by a definition of the portion of the lifecycle (i.e. which stages of manufacture, use and endoflife) and the assum
16、ptions made in its calculation. NOTE 2 Carbon dioxide equivalent is a measure used to compare the emissions from various greenhouse gases based upon their global warming potential. Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 12/06/2009 02:55, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8887-2:2009 2 BSI 2009 BR
17、ITISH STANDARD 3.6 component part or small assembly of parts used as part of a larger assembly NOTE In some industries, a component can be defined as a “constituent part of a device which cannot be physically divided into smaller parts without losing its particular function”. 3.7 custom parts parts
18、made specifically for a product, or related series of products 3.8 hazardous substance or preparation substance or preparation that is, under certain conditions, likely to be injurious to health, safety or the environment NOTE The use of such substances is often restricted by law. 3.9 date of accept
19、ance date of issue point in time at which all interested parties agree that the technical product specification is to be considered finalized to the extent that manufacturing can commence NOTE From BS 8888:2008. 3.10 design for the environment environmentally conscious design green design (deprecate
20、d) ecodesign (deprecated) systematic approach which takes into account environmental aspects in the design and development process with the aim to reduce adverse environmental impacts NOTE Environmental impact should ideally be assessed over the whole product lifecycle. 3.11 disassembly non-destruct
21、ive taking apart of an assembled product into constituent materials and/or components 3.12 disposal any operation which is not recovery even where the operation has as a secondary consequence the reclamation of substances or energy Waste Framework Directive 1 3.13 endoflife point at which a product
22、or component is taken out of use 3.14 energy recovery production of useful energy from waste through direct and controlled combustion ISO 15270, modified 3.15 environmental aspect element of an organizations activities or products that can interact with the environment NOTE A significant environment
23、al aspect has or can have a significant environmental impact. BS EN ISO 14001:2004, 3.6, modified Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 12/06/2009 02:55, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BRITISH STANDARD BSI 2009 3 BS 8887-2:2009 3.16 environmental impact any change to the environment, whether adv
24、erse or beneficial, wholly or partly resulting from an organizations environmental aspects BS EN ISO 14001:2004, 3.7 3.17 fluff fibrous waste, perhaps produced where it might interfere with subsequent operation NOTE Particularly applicable to the automotive industry. 3.18 geometrical product specifi
25、cation GPS system for defining the shape (geometry), dimensions and surface characteristics of a workpiece BS 8888:2008 3.19 lifecycle life cycle whole life of the product from concept to end-of-life 3.20 machine assembly assembly carried out by programmed machinery 3.21 maintenance planned inspecti
26、on and, where necessary, replacement of consumable parts during product lifetime 3.22 material reduction modification of the design of components and assemblies to achieve the same performance using less material 3.23 modular assembly assembly made up of a series of components, which may be exchange
27、d for others, using the same pre-defined interfaces 3.24 orientation rotational position in space (relative or absolute) a part must have in order for some operation or assembly process to be carried out 3.25 part individual piece of shaped material or set of pieces permanently connected together to
28、 be used in an assembly 3.26 partcount number of parts in an assembly 3.27 part handling method of transporting, moving or manipulating parts during the production process 3.28 process (verb) transform a material, component or assembly, from one configuration or state to another 3.29 process (noun)
29、set of interrelated or interacting activities which transform a material, component or assembly, from one configuration or state to another ISO 9000:2005, 3.4.1, modified Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 12/06/2009 02:55, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8887-2:2009 4 BSI 2009 BRITISH STAN
30、DARD 3.30 recondition return a used product to a satisfactory working condition by rebuilding or repairing major components that are close to failure, even where there are no reported or apparent faults in those components NOTE With respect to reconditioning: manufacturing effort involves the replac
31、ement of worn or broken parts, generally less extensive than required to remanufacture, but more than necessary for repair; performance after reconditioning is expected to perform its intended role but the overall performance is likely to be inferior to that of the original model; and any subsequent
32、 warranty is generally less than new or a remanufactured product but the warranty is likely to cover the whole product (unlike repair); reconditioned products do not require a warranty equivalent to that of a newly manufactured equivalent. 3.31 recovery process in which waste material is either trea
33、ted to release materials in a form where they can be used again, or used as fuel in energy recovery prIEC 6254, 3.2.20. 3.32 recycle process waste materials for the original purpose or for other purposes, excluding energy recovery NOTE A more specific definition for electrical and electronic equipme
34、nt is given in The WEEE Directives 2, implemented in the UK by The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulations 2006 3. 3.33 refurbish See reconditioning (3.30). 3.34 remanufacture return a used product to at least its original performance with a warranty that is equivalent or better than t
35、hat of the newly manufactured product NOTE 1 From a customer viewpoint, the remanufactured product can be considered to be the same as the new product. NOTE 2 With respect to remanufacture: manufacturing effort involves dismantling the product, the restoration and replacement of components and testi
36、ng of the individual parts and whole product to ensure that it is within its original design specifications; performance after remanufacture is expected to be at least to the original performance specification; and any subsequent warranty is generally at least equal to that of new product. NOTE 3 Th
37、is assumes that remanufacture applies to likeforlike products. 3.35 renewable replenishable from natural sources, at a rate greater than consumption NOTE This can apply to materials and energy. Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 12/06/2009 02:55, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BRITISH STANDAR
38、D BSI 2009 5 BS 8887-2:2009 3.36 repair returning a faulty or broken product or component back to a usable state NOTE 1 A repair may use remanufactured or reconditioned parts. NOTE 2 With respect to repair: manufacturing effort is the minimum required to address the specified fault; after remanufact
39、ure, the product is expected to be in a useable state, but assurances of performance are generally limited to the repaired part; and any subsequent warranty is generally less than that of newly manufactured, remanufactured or reconditioned equivalents and may apply only to the component that has bee
40、n replaced or repaired. 3.37 repurpose utilize a product or its components in a role that it was not originally designed to perform NOTE 1 This action deals specifically with products and assemblies and not materials, which falls under recycling. NOTE 2 Augmentation of the product may be required to
41、 fulfil its new role. 3.38 reuse operation by which a product or its components are put back into use for the same purpose at end-of-life NOTE Based on The WEEE Directives 2, implemented in the UK by The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulations 2006 3. 3.39 reverse engineering situation
42、 where a product or component is analysed to obtain information 3.40 reverse logistics process of recovering products and materials from the point of use NOTE 1 This is for the purpose of recapturing value or proper disposal. NOTE 2 Based on BS 700010:2008. 3.41 robotic assembly assembly carried out
43、 by programmable machines 3.42 scrap left over material from any process in a products lifecycle 3.43 setup particular configuration of parts and tooling for a specific operation 3.44 shredding process of cutting or tearing which reduces products and/or materials to smaller pieces 3.45 subassembly s
44、et of components, built as a single unit, forming part of a subsequent larger assembly Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 12/06/2009 02:55, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8887-2:2009 6 BSI 2009 BRITISH STANDARD 3.46 supply chain series of organizations which apply processes at any point wi
45、thin the lifecycle NOTE Typically, this would be taken to mean the supply of a product to market, but could also include replacement of parts and return to manufacture. 3.47 sustainable design design for sustainability design that aims to optimize the positive environmental, economic and social impa
46、cts of a product 3.48 technical product document TPD means of conveying all or part of a design definition or specification of a product for manufacturing and verification purposes BS 8888:2008 3.49 technical product realization TPR system facilitating co-operation between disciplines to effect conv
47、ersion of a concept into correctly functioning workpieces or product, to time and with minimal rework/reject requirement 3.50 technical product specification TPS collection of technical product documents comprising the complete design definition and specification of a product, for its whole lifecycl
48、e NOTE 1 A TPS was previously called a technical product document set. NOTE 2 A TPS can consist of one or more TPDs. NOTE 3 A TPS will contain GPS (see 3.18) applications. BS 8888:2008, 3.4, modified 3.51 tooling devices necessary to manufacture, hold or position a part or parts for processing 3.52
49、validation confirmation by examination and provision of objective evidence that the particular requirements for a specific intended use are fulfilled NOTE 1 In design and development, validation concerns the process of examining a product to determine conformity with user needs. NOTE 2 Validation is normally performed on the final product under defined operating conditions. It may be necessary in earlier stages. NOTE 3 Multiple validations may be carried out if there are different intended