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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 10228-3:1998 The Eu
2、ropean Standard EN 10228-3:1998 has the status of a British Standard ICS 77.040.20; 77.140.85 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Non-destructive testing of steel forgings Part 3: Ultrasonic testing of ferritic or martensitic steel forgings This British Standard, h
3、aving been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 September 1998 BSI 1998 ISBN 0 580 29956 2 BS EN 10228-3:1998 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateText affected National foreword
4、This British Standard is the English language version of EN 10228-3:1998. Together with BS EN 10228-4 it supersedes BS 4124:1991 which will be withdrawn when BS EN 10228-4, Ultrasonic testing of austenitic-ferritic stainless steel forgings, is published. The UK participation in its preparation was e
5、ntrusted by Technical Committee ISE/73, Steels for pressure purposes, to Subcommittee ISE/73/3, Steel forgings for pressure purposes, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals
6、 for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement interna
7、tional or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled International Standards Correspondence Index, or by using the Find facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include al
8、l the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN titl
9、e page, pages 2 to 15 and a back cover. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite Europe en de Normalisation Europa isches Komitee fu r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1998 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN
10、 national Members. Ref. No. EN 10228-3:1998 E EUROPEAN STANDARDEN 10228-3 NORME EUROPE ENNE EUROPA ISCHE NORM May 1998 ICS 77.040.20; 77.140.85 Descriptors: Forgings, steels, non-destructive tests, ferritic steels, martensitic steels, ultrasonic tests, surface condition, inspection, acceptability, q
11、uality classes English version Non-destructive testing of steel forgings Part 3: Ultrasonic testing of ferritic or martensitic steel forgings Essais non destructifs des pie ces forge es en acier Partie 3: Contro le par ultrasons des pie ces forge es en aciers ferritiques et martensitiques Zersto run
12、gsfreie Pru fung von Schmiedestu cken aus Stahl Teil 3: Ultraschallpru fung von Schmiedestu cken aus ferritischem oder martensitischem Stahl This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 December 1997. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the c
13、onditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in th
14、ree official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of A
15、ustria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Page 2 EN 10228-3:1998 BSI 1998 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ECIS
16、S/TC 28, Steel forgings, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 1998, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest
17、 by November 1998. The titles of the other parts of this European Standard are: Part 1: Magnetic particle inspection. Part 2: Penetrant testing. Part 4: Ultrasonic testing of austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steel forgings. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national
18、standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Conten
19、ts Page Foreword2 1Scope3 2Normative references3 3Definitions3 4Items for agreement3 5Written procedure4 6Personnel qualification4 7Equipment and accessories4 8Routine calibration and checking5 9Stage of manufacture5 10Surface condition5 11Sensitivity6 12Scanning6 13Classification9 14Recording level
20、s and acceptance criteria12 15Sizing13 16Reporting13 Annex A (informative) Maximum testable depth for circumferential shear wave scans14 Annex B (informative) dB amplitude of indication relative to % DAC15 Page 3 EN 10228-3:1998 BSI 1998 1 Scope This part of EN 10228 describes the techniques to be u
21、sed for the manual, pulse-echo, ultrasonic testing of forgings manufactured from ferritic and martensitic steel. Mechanized scanning techniques, such as immersion testing, may be used but should be agreed between the purchaser and supplier (see clause 4). This part of EN 10228 applies to four types
22、of forgings, classified according to their shape and method of production. Types 1, 2 and 3 are essentially simple shapes. Type 4 covers complex shapes. This part of EN 10228 does not apply to: closed die forgings; turbine rotor and generator forgings. Ultrasonic testing of austenitic and austenitic
23、-ferritic stainless steel forgings is the subject of Part 4 of this European Standard. 2 Normative references This part of EN 10228 incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publ
24、ications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this part of EN 10228 only when incorporated in by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 473, Qualifi
25、cation and certification of NDT personnel. prEN 12668-1, Non-destructive testing Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment Part 1: Instruments. prEN 12668-2, Non-destructive testing Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment Part 2: Probes. prEN
26、 12668-3, Non-destructive testing Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment Part 3: Combined equipment. prEN 583-2, Ultrasonic examination Part 2: Sensitivity and range setting. prEN 583-5, Ultrasonic examination Part 5: Characteristics and sizing of discontinuities. prEN
27、 12223, Ultrasonic examination Calibration blocks. prEN 1330, Non-destructive testing Terminology Part 4: Terms used in ultrasonic testing. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this part of EN 10228 the definitions given in prEN 1330-4 apply. 4 Items for agreement The following aspects concerning ultra
28、sonic testing shall be agreed between the purchaser and supplier at the time of the enquiry or order: a) the manufacturing stage(s) at which ultrasonic testing shall be performed (see clause 9); b) the volume(s) to be tested and whether grid scanning coverage or 100 % scanning coverage is required (
29、see clause 12); c) the use of twin crystal probes for near surface examination (see 7.2.6); d) the quality class required, or the quality classes and the zones to which they apply (see clause 14); e) the applicable recording/acceptance criteria if different from those detailed in Table 5, Table 6 or
30、 Table 7; f) whether any special scanning coverage, equipment or couplant is required in addition to that detailed in clauses 7 and 12; g) the scanning technique to be used if not manual (see clause 1); h) the sizing techniques to be used for extended discontinuities (see clause 15); i) the techniqu
31、e(s) to be used for setting sensitivity (see clause 11); j) whether the test is to be conducted in the presence of the purchaser or his representative; k) whether a written procedure shall be submitted for approval by the purchaser (see clause 5). Page 4 EN 10228-3:1998 BSI 1998 5 Written procedure
32、5.1 General Ultrasonic testing shall be performed in accordance with a written procedure. Where specified in the enquiry or order, the written procedure shall be submitted to the purchaser for approval prior to testing. 5.2 Form This written procedure shall be in the form of: a) a product specificat
33、ion; b) a procedure written specifically for the application; or c) this part of EN 10228, if it is accompanied by examination details specific to the application. 5.3 Content The written procedure shall contain the following details as a minimum requirement: a) description of the forgings to be exa
34、mined; b) reference documents; c) qualification and certification of examination personnel; d) stage of manufacture at which the examination is carried out; e) examination zones specified in terms of the applicable quality classes; f) preparation of scanning surfaces; g) couplant; h) description of
35、examination equipment; i) calibration and settings; j) scanning plan; k) description and sequence of examination operations; l) recording/evaluation levels; m) characterization of discontinuities; n) acceptance criteria; o) examination report. 6 Personnel qualification Personnel shall be qualified a
36、nd certificated in accordance with EN 473. 7 Equipment and accessories 7.1 Flaw detector The flaw detector shall feature A-scan presentation and conform to prEN 12668-1. 7.2 Probes 7.2.1 General requirements Normal probes and shear wave probes shall conform to the requirements of prEN 12668-2. Where
37、 further information is required supplementary probes may also be used. Supplementary probes shall not be used for the initial detection of defects. It is recommended that supplementary probes conform to prEN 12668-2. 7.2.2 Contouring Probes shall be contoured when required by EN 583-2. 7.2.3 Nomina
38、l frequency Probes shall have a nominal frequency in the range from 1 MHz to 6 MHz. 7.2.4 Normal probes Effective crystal diameter shall be in the range from 10 mm to 40 mm. 7.2.5 Shear wave probes Shear wave probe beam angles shall be in the range from 358 to 708. Effective crystal area shall be in
39、 the range from 20 mm2to 625 mm2. Page 5 EN 10228-3:1998 BSI 1998 7.2.6 Twin crystal probes If near-surface examination is required, (see clause 4) then twin crystal probes shall be used. 7.3 Calibration blocks Calibration blocks shall conform to prEN 12223. 7.4 Reference blocks Reference blocks sha
40、ll be made available when sensitivity is to be established by the distance amplitude curve (DAC) technique and/or when defects are to be sized in terms of amplitude relative to reference reflectors by the DAC technique. The surface condition of the reference block shall be representative of the surf
41、ace condition of the part to be examined. Unless otherwise specified the reference block shall contain at least three reflectors covering the entire depth range under examination. The form of the reference block will depend upon the application. It shall be manufactured from one of the following: a)
42、 an excess length of the part to be examined; or b) a part of the same material and with the same heat treatment condition as the part to be examined; or c) a part having similar acoustic properties to the part to be examined. Reference blocks shall not be used for the distance gain size (DGS) techn
43、ique unless it is required to check the accuracy of a particular DGS diagram. NOTEThe sizes of reflectors in the reference block are governed by the sizes detailed in Tables 5 and 6, as appropriate. Different sizes of reflectors from those detailed in Tables 5 and 6 may be used provided the test sen
44、sitivity is corrected accordingly. 7.5 Couplant The couplant used shall be appropriate to the application. The same type of couplant shall be used for calibration, setting sensitivity, scanning and defect assessment. After completion of the examination, the couplant shall be removed if its presence
45、could adversely affect later manufacturing or inspection operations or the integrity of the component. NOTEExamples of suitable couplants are: water (with or without corrosion inhibitor or softener), grease, oil, glycerol and water cellulose paste. 8 Routine calibration and checking The combined equ
46、ipment (flaw detector and probes) shall be calibrated and checked in accordance with the requirements detailed in prEN 12668-3. 9 Stage of manufacture Ultrasonic testing shall be performed after the final quality heat treatment unless otherwise agreed at the time of enquiry or order (see clause 4),
47、e.g. at the latest possible stage of manufacture for areas of the forging which are not practicable to examine after the final quality heat treatment. NOTEFor both cylindrical and rectangular forgings, which are to be bored, it is recommended to carry out ultrasonic testing before boring. 10 Surface
48、 condition 10.1 General Scanning surfaces shall be free from paint, non-adhering scale, dry couplant, surface irregularities or any other substance which could reduce coupling efficiency, hinder the free movement of the probe or cause errors in interpretation. 10.2 Surface finish related to quality
49、class The surface finish shall be compatible with the required quality class, (see Table 1). Table 1 Surface finish related to quality class Surface finish Quality class and roughness Ra 1234 #25 mm#12,5 mm#12,5 mm#6,3 mm Machined3333 Machined and heat treated333 NOTE3 signifies the quality class that can be achieved for the specified surface finish. Page 6 EN 10228-3:1998 BSI 1998 10.3 As-forged surface condition Where forgings are supplied in the as-forged surface condition they shall be considered acceptable