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1、BRITISH STANDARD AUTOMOBILE SERIES BS AU 50-1-6.7:1998 ISO 13327:1998 Tyres and wheels Part 1: Tyres Section 6: Motorcycle tyres Subsection 6.7 Method of test for measuring rolling resistance ICS 43.140; 83.160.10 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09
2、02:11:24 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS AU 50-1-6.7:1998 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 November 1998 BSI 05-1999 ISBN 0 580 30611 9 N
3、ational foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 13327:1998 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee AUE/4, Tyres and wheels for motor vehicles, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understa
4、nd the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on thi
5、s committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, o
6、r by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer
7、immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments inc
8、orporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 02:11:24 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS AU 50-1-6.7:1998 B
9、SI 05-1999i Contents Page National forewordInside front cover Forewordiii Text of ISO 133271 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 02:11:24 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ii blank Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Ba
10、nk University, Sat Dec 09 02:11:24 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 02:11:24 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS AU 50-1-6.7:1998 ii BSI 05-1999 Contents Page Forewordiii 1Scope1 2Normative refe
11、rence1 3Definitions1 4Test methods1 5Test equipment2 6Test conditions2 7Test procedure2 8Data interpretation4 9Data analysis5 Annex A (normative) Test equipment tolerances6 Annex B (informative) Measurement methods of moment of inertia for drum and tyre assembly Deceleration method7 Annex C (informa
12、tive) BibliographyInside back cover Figure 1 Free-body diagram of tyre/drum system, assuming no bearing and windage losses3 Figure B.1 Test arrangement7 Figure B.2 Spring method8 Figure B.3 Bifilar pendulum (rope) method8 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat
13、 Dec 09 02:11:24 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS AU 50-1-6.7:1998 BSI 05-1999iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carri
14、ed out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. I
15、SO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires app
16、roval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 13327 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 31, Tyres, rims and valves, Subcommittee SC 10, Cycle, moped, motorcycle tyres and rims. Annex A forms an integral part of this International Standard. Annex B and
17、Annex C are for information only. Descriptors: Road vehicles, motorcycles, tyres, pneumatic tyres, tests, laboratory tests, physical tests, rolling tests. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 02:11:24 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv blan
18、k Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 02:11:24 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS AU 50-1-6.7:1998 BSI 05-19991 1 Scope This International Standard specifies methods for measuring rolling resistance, under controlled laboratory conditions,
19、 for new pneumatic tyres designed primarily for use on motorcycles. The relationship between values obtained and the fuel economy of the vehicle is undetermined, and such values are not intended to be used to indicate levels of performance or quality. This International Standard is applicable to all
20、 motorcycle tyres. It enables comparisons to be made between the rolling resistance of new tyres when they are free-rolling straight ahead, in a position perpendicular to the drum outer surface, and in steady-state conditions. In measuring tyre rolling resistance, it is necessary to measure small fo
21、rces in the presence of much larger forces. It is, therefore, essential that equipment and instrumentation of appropriate accuracy be used. 2 Normative reference The following standard contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At
22、 the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All standards are subject to revision and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standard indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO ma
23、intain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 4223-1:1989, Definitions of some terms used in the tyre industry Part 1: Pneumatic tyres. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the definitions given in ISO 4223-1 and the following definitions apply. 3.1 rolli
24、ng resistance Fr loss of energy (or energy consumed) per unit of distance NOTEThe SI unit conventionally used for the rolling resistance is the newton metre per metre (Nm/m). this is equivalent to the drag force in newtons (N) 3.2 rolling resistance coefficient Cr ratio of the rolling resistance, in
25、 newtons, to the load on the tyre, in newtons NOTEThis quantity is dimensionless. 3.3 capped inflation process of inflating the tyre and allowing the inflation pressure to build up, as the tyre is warmed up while running 3.4 regulated inflation process of inflating the tyre to the required pressure
26、independent of its temperature, and maintaining this inflation pressure while the tyre runs under load NOTEThis is most commonly done by using a regulated pressure source attached to the tyre through a rotating union. 3.5 parasitic loss loss of energy (or energy consumed) per unit distance excluding
27、 tyre losses, and attributable to aerodynamic loss, bearing friction and other sources of systematic loss which may be inherent in the measurement 3.6 skim reading type of parasitic loss measurement, in which the tyre is kept rolling, without slippage, while reducing the tyre load to a level at whic
28、h energy loss within the tyre itself is virtually zero 3.7 machine reading type of parasitic loss measurement, involving losses of the test machine, exclusive of losses in the rotating spindle which carries the tyre and rim 4 Test methods The following alternative measurement methods are given in th
29、is International Standard: a) Force method: the reaction force at the tyre spindle. b) Torque method: the torque input to the test drum. c) Power method: the power input to the test drum. d) Deceleration method: the deceleration of the test drum and tyre assembly. Licensed Copy: London South Bank Un
30、iversity, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 02:11:24 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS AU 50-1-6.7:1998 2 BSI 05-1999 5 Test equipment 5.1 Drum specifications 5.1.1 Diameter The test dynamometer shall have a cylindrical flywheel (drum) with a diameter of between 1,5 m and 3 m incl
31、usive (reference drum diameter: 1,70 m). It should be noted that the results are different; see 9.3 for drum diameter correction for comparisons, if necessary. 5.1.2 Surface The surface of the drum shall be smooth steel or textured and shall be kept clean (see clause A.6). 5.1.3 Width The width of t
32、he drum test surface shall exceed the width of the test tyre tread. 5.2 Test rim The tyre shall be mounted on a test rim, as specified in Annex A. 5.3 Load, alignment, control and instrumentation accuracy Measurement of these parameters shall be sufficiently accurate and precise to provide the requi
33、red test data. The specific and respective values are shown in Annex A. 5.4 Thermal environment 5.4.1 Reference conditions The reference ambient temperature, as measured on the rotational axis of the tyre, 1 m away from the plane touching the nearest tyre sidewall, shall be 25 C. 5.4.2 Alternative c
34、onditions If the reference temperature cannot be obtained, the rolling resistance measurement shall be corrected to standard temperature conditions in accordance with 9.2. 5.4.3 Drum surface temperature Care should be taken to ensure that the temperature of the test drum surface is approximately the
35、 same as the ambient temperature at the beginning of the test. 6 Test conditions The test consists of a measurement of rolling resistance in which the tyre is inflated and the inflation pressure allowed to build up (i.e. “capped air”). 6.1 Test speeds The value shall be obtained at a drum velocity o
36、f 80 km/h for tyres marked with a speed symbol above “L”; 50 km/h for tyres marked with a speed symbol “L” and below. 6.2 Test load The standard test load shall be computed from 65 % of the maximum load capacity of the tyre for light and standard load versions; 80 % of the maximum load capacity of t
37、he tyre for reinforced version. It shall be kept within the tolerance specified in Annex A. 6.3 Test inflation pressure The inflation pressure shall be 200 kPa for light and standard load versions; 250 kPa for reinforced version. The inflation pressure shall be capped with the accuracy specified in
38、A.4.1. 6.4 Duration and velocity When the deceleration method is selected, the following requirements apply: a) for duration, %t, the time increments shall not exceed 0,5 s; b) any variation of the test drum velocity shall not exceed 1 km/h. 7 Test procedure 7.1 General The choice of an individual m
39、ethod is left to the tester. For each method, the test measurements shall be converted to a rolling resistance force acting at the tyre/drum interface. The test procedure steps described in 7.2 to 7.7 shall be followed in the sequence given. 7.2 Break-in To ensure repeatability of measurements, an i
40、nitial break-in and cooling period is required prior to the start of the test. Such a break-in should be carried out on a test drum of at least 1,5 m diameter for a period of at least 1 h, at a minimum velocity of 80 km/h, with the load and inflation pressure given in 6.2 and 6.3 respectively. 7.3 T
41、hermal conditioning Place the inflated tyre in the thermal environment of the test location for at least 3 h. 7.4 Pressure adjustment After thermal conditioning, the inflation pressure shall be adjusted to the test pressure, and verified 10 min after the adjustment was made. Licensed Copy: London So
42、uth Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 02:11:24 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS AU 50-1-6.7:1998 BSI 05-19993 7.5 Warm-up The tyre shall be run at constant test velocity until reaching a stabilised steady-state value of rolling resistance. A warm-up period of at
43、least 30 min at the test speed is required. 7.6 Measurement and recording The following shall be measured and recorded (see Figure 1): a) test velocity, Un; b) load on the tyre normal to the drum surface, Lm; c) test inflation pressure: 1) initial, as defined in 7.4, 2) final, for capped inflation;
44、d) the driving torque on the drive shaft, Tt, the tyre spindle force, Ft, the input power, V A, or the deceleration of the test drum/tyre/wheel assembly, %/%t, depending on the method; e) distance, rL (see 8.2.1); f) ambient temperature, tamb; g) test drum radius, R; h) test method chosen; i) test r
45、im (designation and material). 7.7 Measurement of parasitic losses Determine parasitic losses by one of the procedures given in 7.7.1 to 7.7.3. 7.7.1 Skim reading a) Reduce the load to maintain the tyre at the test velocity without slippage to, for example, 50 N. b) Record the spindle force, Fp, inp
46、ut torque, Tp, or the power, whichever applies. c) Record the load on the tyre normal to the drum surface, Lp. NOTEThe measured value includes the bearing and aerodynamic losses of the wheel, the tyre, and the drum losses which are also to be considered. 7.7.2 Machine reading a) Remove the tyre from
47、 the drum surface. b) At the test velocity, Un, record the input torque, Tp, the power, or the test drum deceleration, whichever applies. NOTEThe measured value includes the drum losses to be considered. Figure 1 Free-body diagram of tyre/drum system, assuming no bearing and windage losses Licensed
48、Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 02:11:24 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS AU 50-1-6.7:1998 4 BSI 05-1999 7.7.3 Deceleration method a) Remove the tyre from the test surface. b) Record the deceleration of the test drum, %o/%t and that of the un
49、loaded tyre, %po/%t. NOTEThe measured value includes the bearing and aerodynamic losses of the wheel, the tyre, and the drum losses which are also to be considered. 8 Data interpretation 8.1 Subtraction of parasitic losses The parasitic losses shall be subtracted as shown in 8.1.1, 8.1.2 or 8.1.3. 8.1.1 Skim reading Subtract the skim reading from the test measurement. 8.1.2 Machine reading Subtract the machine reading from the test measurement. NOTEWhen the machine reading method is used to determine parasitic losses for the torque or power meth