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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13145:2001 Railway applications Track Wood sleepers and bearers The European Standard EN 13145:2001 has the status of a British Standard ICS 79.040; 93.100 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oc
2、t 29 10:53:52 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 13145:2001 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 March 2001 BSI 03-2001 ISBN 0 580 36
3、884 X National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 13145:2001. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RAE/2, Railway track components, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committe
4、e can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using
5、 the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity f
6、rom legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary
7、of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 17, and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffield
8、un sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 10:53:52 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13145 January 2001 ICS 79.040; 93.100 English version Railway applications Track Wood sleepers and bearers Applications ferroviaires Voie Traverses et supports en b
9、ois Bahnanwendungen Oberbau Gleis- und Weichenschwellen aus Holz This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 December 2000. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard
10、 without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other languag
11、e made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Icela
12、nd, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2001 CENAll rights of exploitation
13、 in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13145:2001 E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 10:53:52 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 2 EN 13145:2001 BSI 03-2001 Contents Foreword .3 1 Scope .4 2 Normative references.4 3 T
14、erms and definitions4 4 Species.9 5 Forms, dimensions and tolerances10 6 Defects and quality features11 7 Durability and preservation14 8 Factory production control.16 9 Marking16 Annex A (informative) Most commonly used dimensions for sleepers and bearers17 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, n
15、a, Sun Oct 29 10:53:52 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 3 EN 13145:2001 BSI 03-2001 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256, Railway applications, the Secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a
16、 national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2001, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2001. This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the Eur
17、opean Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
18、France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 10:53:52 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 4 EN 13145:2001 BSI 03-2001 1 Scope This Eur
19、opean Standard defines wood species, quality requirements, origin, manufacturing conditions, forms, dimensions and tolerances as well as the durability and preservation of wood sleepers and bearers for use in railway tracks. It does not cover specific finishing processes that may be required by the
20、customer. It does not apply to other track timbers. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For
21、 dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 252Field test metho
22、d for determining the relative protective effectiveness of a wood preservative in ground contact. EN 335-1Durability of wood and wood-based products Definition of hazard classes of biological attack Part 1: General. EN 350-2Durability of wood and wood-based products Natural durability of solid wood
23、Part 2: Guide to natural durability and treatability of selected wood species of importance in Europe. EN 351-1Durability of wood and wood-based products Preservative-treated solid wood Part 1: Classification of preservative penetration and retention. EN 599-1Durability of wood and wood-based produc
24、ts Performance of wood preservatives as determined by biological tests Part 1: Specification according to hazard class. EN 844-3:1995Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 3: General terms relating to sawn timber. EN 844-7:1997Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 7: Terms relating to the anatomica
25、l structure of timber. EN 844-9:1997Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 9: Terms relating to features of sawn timber. EN 844-10:1998Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 10: Terms relating to stain and fungal attack. EN 844-11:1998Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 11: Terms relating to degr
26、ade by insects. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply: 3.1 wood sleeper wood beam which supports running rails, check rails and where appropriate conductor rails at right angles to its axis Usually the beam supports two running rails to
27、form one track. 3.2 wood bearer wood beam, similar to a sleeper but generally longer, used to support running rails, check rails and where appropriate conductor rails, crossings and operating mechanisms in switches and crossings Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 10:53:52 GMT+00:
28、00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 5 EN 13145:2001 BSI 03-2001 3.3 heartwood inner zone of wood that, in the growing tree, has ceased to contain living cells or to conduct sap EN 844-7:1997 3.4 sapwood outer zone of wood that, in the growing tree, contains living cells and conducts sap EN 844-
29、7:1997 3.5 included sapwood presence in the heartwood of a complete or incomplete ring having the colour and the properties of sapwood EN 844-9:1997 3.6 red heart in beech red or brown stain affecting the central portion of beech wood, sharply defined EN 844-10:1998 3.7 grey , purple heart grey or p
30、urple discoloration of the heartwood due to fungal attack 3.8 grain general direction or arrangement of fibres EN 844-7:1997 3.9 edge grain timber converted so that the growth rings meet the upper face of the sleeper or bearer at an angle greater than 45 when measured at the centre of the upper face
31、 (see Figure 1) Figure 1 Edge grain The line a-b is a tangent to the growth ring where it meets the upper face of the sleeper or bearer. The angle is measured at c. 3.10 annual ring growth ring corresponding to an annual period of growth EN 844-7:1997 3.11 wane original rounded surface of a log, wit
32、h or without bark, on any face or edge of sawn timber (see Figure 2) EN 844-3:1995 a b c Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 10:53:52 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 6 EN 13145:2001 BSI 03-2001 Figure 2 Wane 3.12 chairing area for sleepers, the area on the upper su
33、rface covering a length of 250 mm on both sides of the centre of each rail to be mounted For bearers, the chairing area covers the whole length with the exception of 250 mm at each end. 3.13 rot decomposition of wood by fungi or other micro-organisms resulting in softening, progressive loss of mass
34、and strength, and often a change of texture and colour EN 844-10:1998 3.14 knot portion of a branch embedded in the wood EN 844-9:1997 3.15 sound knot knot showing no indication of rot EN 844-9:1997 3.16 intergrown knot knot that, on the surface considered, is intergrown with the surrounding wood fo
35、r more than 3/4 of its cross-sectional perimeter EN 844-9:1997 3.17 dead knot knot that, on the surface considered, is intergrown with the surrounding wood for less than 1/4 of its cross-sectional perimeter EN 844-9:1997 3.18 loose knot dead knot that is not held firmly in place EN 844-9:1997 3.19 u
36、nsound knot knot affected by rot EN 844-9:1997 3.20 indent recess caused by mechanical removal of an unsound knot down to the sound part of the timber 3.21 bark pocket bark that is partly or wholly enclosed in the wood EN 844-9:1997 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 10:53:52 GMT
37、+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 7 EN 13145:2001 BSI 03-2001 3.22 fissure longitudinal separation of fibres EN 844-9:1997 3.23 split fissure that extends from one surface to another EN 844-9:1997 3.24 frost crack radial fissure caused by frost action on the standing tree that extends fro
38、m the sapwood to the pith and for a certain distance longitudinally EN 844-9:1997 NOTE: Frost crack is accompanied by darkening of the adjacent wood and deviation of the annual rings. 3.25 check short, narrow and shallow fissure EN 844-9:1997 NOTE: Caused by drying. 3.26 end shake fissure showing on
39、 the end surface EN 844-9:1997 NOTE: For sawn timber, possibly extending to a face or edge. 3.27 heart shake radial end shake originating at the pith EN 844-9:1997 3.28 ring shake fissure following the line of a growth ring EN 844-9:1997 3.29 spring lengthwise curvature of a piece of timber normal t
40、o the edge (see Figure 3) EN 844-3:1995 top view Figure 3 Spring Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 10:53:52 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 8 EN 13145:2001 BSI 03-2001 3.30 bow lengthwise curvature of a piece of timber normal to the face (see Figure 4) EN 844-3:1
41、995 side view Figure 4 Bow 3.31 cup curvature of a piece of timber across the width of the face (see Figure 5) EN 844-3:1995 Figure 5 Cup 3.32 twist lengthwise spiral distortion of a piece of timber (see Figure 6) EN 844-3:1995 Figure 6 Twist 3.33 resin pocket lens-shaped cavity in timber containing
42、, or that has contained, a resin EN 844-9:1997 3.34 gum vein vein in timber containing, or that has contained, a resinous substance 3.35 bore hole hole or tunnel in timber caused by insects EN 844-11:1998 3.36 pith zone within the first growth ring that consists chiefly of soft tissue EN 844-7:1997
43、Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 10:53:52 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 9 EN 13145:2001 BSI 03-2001 3.37 creosote oil distilled from coal tar 3.38 tropical hardwood hardwood grown in the tropics and all other southern hemisphere forests 4 Species The requireme
44、nts of this European Standard relate to the following recommended wood species (see Table 1). Table 1 List of wood species Botanical nameCommon name (for guidance only) European hardwoods Quercus robur Quercus petraea Quercus pubescens European oak Fagus sylvaticaBeech European softwoods Pinus sylve
45、strisScots pine Pinus pinaster (Pinus maritima)Maritime pine Pinus pineaStone pine Pinus nigraCorsican/Austrian pine Pseudotsuga menziesiiDouglas fir Larix Sp.1)Larch Tropical hardwoods Lophira alataAzob, Ekki, Bongossi Shorea laevis, Shorea sp. div. 1)Bangkirai, Selangan Batu, Balau kumus Dicorynia
46、 guianensisBasralocus Eucalyptus marginataJarrah Eucalyptus diversicolorKarri Ocotea rodiaei, Lauraceae family Greenheart Mora ExcelsaMora 1) Different species of a kind Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 10:53:52 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 10 EN 13145:2001 B
47、SI 03-2001 5 Forms, dimensions and tolerances 5.1 Forms 5.1.1 Sleepers Sleepers shall have a nominally rectangular cross-section in one of the forms as shown in Figure 7. The customer shall specify which form he accepts. d d l Form E1 l Form E2 e e rr Figure 7 Forms for sleepers 5.1.2 Bearers Bearer
48、s shall have a nominally rectangular cross-section in the form as shown in Figure 8. e r d l Figure 8 Form for bearers 5.2 Dimensions When ordering, the customer shall define dimensions l, e and d (see Figures 7 and 8) effectively needed, as well as the length. These dimensions shall apply to sleepe
49、rs and bearers ready for use or preservative treatment. NOTE: A list of the dimensions most commonly used can be found in informative annex A. 5.3 Tolerances The following tolerances shall apply to all sleepers and bearers ready for use and/or preservative treatment: - length: ?30 mm; - width: ?10 mm/?3 mm; - height: ?10 mm/?3 mm; - rectangular cross-section 90: max. deviation 3. NOTE: The length tolerance is conditional on