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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12278:1998 The Euro
2、pean Standard EN 12278:1998 has the status of a British Standard ICS 97.220.40 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Mountaineering equipment Pulleys Safety requirements and test methods Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 16:50:48 GMT+00:00 2006,
3、Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Consumer Products and Services Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 October 1998 BSI 1998 ISBN 0 580 30011 0 BS EN 12278:1998 Amendments iss
4、ued since publication Amd. No.DateText affected National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN 12278:1998. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee SW/136, Sports, playground and other recreational equipment, to Subcommittee SW/136/5
5、, Mountaineering equipment, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments a
6、nd promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue u
7、nder the section entitled International Standards Correspondence Index, or by using the Find facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct app
8、lication. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, S
9、at Oct 28 16:50:48 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite Europe en de Normalisation Europa isches Komitee fu r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1998 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means rese
10、rved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12278:1998 E EUROPEAN STANDARDEN 12278 NORME EUROPE ENNE EUROPA ISCHE NORM May 1998 ICS 97.220.40 Descriptors: Sport equipment, mountaineering, pulleys, definitions, safety, specifications, equipment specifications, mechanical strength, tests, inf
11、ormation, marking English version Mountaineering equipment Pulleys Safety requirements and test methods Equipement dalpinisme et descalade Poulies Exigences de se curite et me thodes dessai Bergsteigerausru stung Seilrollen Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen und Pru fverfahren This European Standar
12、d was approved by CEN on 1 May 1998. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such na
13、tional standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and
14、notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerla
15、nd and United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 16:50:48 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 2 EN 12278:1998 BSI 1998 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 136, Sports, playground and other recreational equipment, th
16、e Secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 1998, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 1998. This Eur
17、opean Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this standard. This
18、standard is one of a series of standards for mountaineering equipment, see annex A. Annexes A and ZA of this European Standard are for information only. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this Euro
19、pean Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Contents Page Foreword2 1Scope3 2Normative references3 3Definitions3 3.1pulley3 3.2sheave
20、3 4Safety requirements3 4.1Design3 4.2Strength3 5Test methods3 5.1Sampling3 5.2Apparatus3 5.3Procedure3 6Information to be supplied5 7Marking5 Annex A (informative) Standards on mountaineering equipment6 Annex B (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or oth
21、er provisions of EU Directives6 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 16:50:48 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 3 EN 12278:1998 BSI 1998 1 Scope This standard specifies safety requirements and test methods for pulleys for use in mountaineering including climbing. 2 No
22、rmative references This European Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions
23、 of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 564, Mountaineering equipment Accessory cord Safety requirements and test methods. EN 892, Mounta
24、ineering equipment Dynamic mountaineering ropes Safety requirements and test methods. prEN 12275, Mountaineering equipment Connectors Safety requirements and test methods. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply: 3.1 pulley one or more sheaves mounted in a bl
25、ock or a body, which can be used to link a rope (in accordance with EN 892) or an accessory cord (in accordance with EN 564) to a connector (in accordance with prEN 12275) to safeguard a mountaineer, and which reduces the friction while the rope or accessory cord is moving under load 3.2 sheave groo
26、ved wheel to locate the rope 4 Safety requirements 4.1 Design 4.1.1 Pulleys shall have a means for attachment of a connector which is large enough to accommodate a pin of diameter 12 mm. Testing in accordance with 5.3.1.1. 4.1.2 The pulley, particularly its sheaves, shall be large enough to accommod
27、ate a rope or an accessory cord of such diameter as marked on the pulley. Testing in accordance with 5.3.1.2. 4.1.3 All edges of the pulley, which come into contact with fingers, shall be free from burrs. 4.1.4 If any sheave axle is secured by nuts or screws, when tested in accordance with 5.3.1.4,
28、the nuts and/or screws shall not come undone by more than one complete turn. 4.2 Strength 4.2.1 When tested in accordance with 5.3.2, the sheave(s) shall be capable of rotation in either direction under a force of 2 kN, applied to each sheave individually. 4.2.2 When tested in accordance with 5.3.2,
29、 the pulley shall not show signs of damage or deformation, which could affect its function. 4.2.3 When tested in accordance with 5.3.2, the pulley shall be capable of withstanding a static force of at least 12 kN, applied to each sheave individually, without completely releasing either the rope or t
30、he steel U-bar. 5 Test methods 5.1 Sampling For the tests the number of test samples required is determined by the number of sheaves, their size and the material from which they are made to ensure that each size/material-combination is tested. 5.2 Apparatus 5.2.1 Strength test apparatus according to
31、 Figure 1 transmitting the force F: by means of the U-bar in accordance with Figure 2 in the attachment point of the pulley; and with a rope with nominal diameter equal to the maximum diameter on the pulley threaded through the sheaves of the pulley according to the instructions for use. 5.2.2 Pin o
32、f (120,01) mm diameter. 5.2.3 Pin of diameter (10,01) mm greater than the maximum diameter marked on the pulley. 5.3 Procedure 5.3.1 Design 5.3.1.1 Test the means for attachment in accordance with 4.1.1, with the pin in accordance with 5.2.2. 5.3.1.2 Test each sheave in accordance with 4.1.2, with t
33、he pin in accordance with 5.2.3. The pin shall touch the bottom of the groove (see Figure 3). Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 16:50:48 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 4 EN 12278:1998 BSI 1998 a) test samplec) freely revolving sheave b) steel U-bard) rope Figure
34、 1 Strength test apparatus Dimensions in millimetres Figure 2 Steel U-bar rightwrong Figure 3 Testing the groove 5.3.1.3 Check by visual examination and handling that the requirements in accordance with 4.1.3 are met. 5.3.1.4 If any sheave axle is secured by nuts or screws in accordance with 4.1.4,
35、apply a torque up to the value in Table 1, in the unlocking direction and check that the nuts or screws respectively do not come undone by more than one complete turn. Table 1 Torque for testing the locking system Screw dimensionsTorque Nm M44 M58 M613 M833 M1065 M12110 5.3.2 Determination of streng
36、th 5.3.2.1 Each sheave shall be tested separately on a different test sample in accordance with 5.1. 5.3.2.2 Carry out the strength test at a temperature of (235) 8C. 5.3.2.3 Rate of loading (10050) mm/min. 5.3.2.4 Under a force of (20,05) kN pull the rope such that the sheave of the test sample rot
37、ates continuously ten times in each direction, or until it ceases to rotate. 5.3.2.5 After the test according to 5.3.2.4, check by visual examination that the requirements according to 4.2.2 are met. 5.3.2.6 After the examination according to 5.3.2.5, increase the force until breakage and check that
38、 the requirements according to 4.2.3 are met. 5.3.2.7 Repeat the test sequence in accordance with 5.3.2.2 to 5.3.2.6 for each sheave with different size/material-combination or different materials on different test samples. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 16:50:48 GMT+00:00 20
39、06, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 5 EN 12278:1998 BSI 1998 6 Information to be supplied a) the name or trademark of the manufacturer, importer or supplier; b) the number of this standard EN 12278; c) the model (if more than one model is available); d) the meaning of any marks on the product; e) on
40、 the use of the product, especially the maximum diameter of the rope with which the pulley can be used, on how to pass the rope through the pulleys; f) the maximum strength in kN guaranteed by the manufacturer; g) the maximum load while the sheave is moving; h) on how to choose other components for
41、use in the system; i) on how to maintain/service the product, on the effects of chemical reagents; j) on the lifespan of the product or how to assess it and that after serious damage the product should be withdrawn from use as soon as possible; k) on the influence of wet and icy conditions; l) on th
42、e influence of storage and ageing due to use. 7 Marking Pulleys shall be marked clearly, indelibly and durably with at least the following information: a) the name or trademark of the manufacturer, importer or supplier; b) the maximum diameter of the rope in mm with which the pulley can be used; c)
43、a pictogram showing the maximum loads in kN which can be applied between any sheave and the attachment points, which the manufacturer ensures. The marked strength shall be a whole number of kN. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 16:50:48 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
44、 Page 6 EN 12278:1998 BSI 1998 Annex A (informative) Standards on mountaineering equipment Table A.1 List of standards on mountaineering equipment No.DocumentTitle 1EN 892Mountaineering equipment Dynamic mountaineering ropes Safety requirements and test methods 2prEN 12275Mountaineering equipment Co
45、nnectors Safety requirements and test methods 3prEN 13089Mountaineering equipment Ice-tools Safety requirements and test methods 4EN 12277Mountaineering equipment Harnesses Safety requirements and test methods 5prEN 12492Mountaineering equipment Helmets Safety requirements and test methods 6EN 564Mo
46、untaineering equipment Accessory cord Safety requirements and test methods 7EN 565Mountaineering equipment Tape Safety requirements and test methods 8EN 566Mountaineering equipment Slings Safety requirements and test methods 9prEN 12276Mountaineering equipment Frictional anchors Safety requirements
47、and test methods 10prEN 12270Mountaineering equipment Chocks Safety requirements and test methods 11EN 567Mountaineering equipment Rope clamps Safety requirements and test methods 12EN 958Mountaineering equipment Energy absorbing systems for use in klettersteig (via ferrata) climbing Safety requirem
48、ents and test methods 13EN 959Mountaineering equipment Rock anchors Safety requirements and test methods 14EN 568Mountaineering equipment Ice anchors Safety requirements and test methods 15EN 569Mountaineering equipment Pitons Safety requirements and test methods 16prEN 893Mountaineering equipment C
49、rampons Safety requirements and test methods 17 1) Mountaineering equipment Descenders Safety requirements and test methods (00136079) 18EN 12278Mountaineering equipment Pulleys Safety requirements and test methods 1) In preparation. Annex B (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or other provisions of EU Directives This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the Eur