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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13477-2:2001 Non-destructive testing Acoustic emission Equipment characterization Part 2: Verification of operating characteristic The European Standard EN 13477-2:2001 has the status of a British Standard. ICS 17.140.01; 19.100 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERM
2、ITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 09:37:53 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 13477-2:2001 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards
3、 Committee and comes into effect on 15 March 2001 BSI 03-2001 ISBN 0 580 36957 9 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 13477-2:2001. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee WEE/46, Non-destructive testing, which ha
4、s the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the
5、 section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct applica
6、tion. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related in
7、ternational and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 14, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document w
8、as last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 09:37:53 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13477-2 January 2001 ICS 19.100 English version Non-destructive te
9、sting Acoustic emission Equipment characterization Part 2: Verification of operating characteristic Essais non destructifs Emission acoustique Caractrisation de lquipement Partie 2: Vrifications des caractristiques de fonctionnement Zerstrungsfreie Prfung Schallemissionsprfung Gertecharakterisierung
10、 Teil 2: berprfung der Betriebskenngren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 December 2000. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
11、 Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation un
12、der the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxe
13、mbourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2001 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any
14、means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13477-2:2001 E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 09:37:53 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 2 EN 13477-2:2001 BSI 03-2001 Contents Page Foreword. 3 1 Scope . 4 2 Normative references . 4 3 Terms and def
15、initions. 4 4 Required test equipment 4 4.1 Test set-up. 5 4.2 Test signal waveforms . 5 5 Verification of sensor sensitivity. 5 5.1 Uses. 6 5.2 Test block. 6 5.3 Procedure. 6 5.4 Noise level of sensor and preamplifier combination 6 6 Verification of preamplifier performance 7 6.1 Test Set-up. 7 6.2
16、 Measurement of preamplifier characteristics. 7 6.2.1 Measurement of electronic noise 7 6.2.2 Gain. 7 6.2.3 Bandwidth 7 6.2.4 Dynamic range 8 7 Verification of the signal conditioning and measurement system 8 7.1 Overview 8 7.2 Bandwidth. 8 7.3 Verification of the detection threshold 8 7.4 Verificat
17、ion of the measured AE burst signal parameters 8 7.4.1 Peak amplitude . 9 7.4.2 Duration. 9 7.4.3 Rise time. 9 7.4.4 Ringdown count. 9 7.4.5 Energy. 9 7.4.6 Continuous signal 9 7.5 Verification of the external parameter 9 7.6 Verification of AE signal acquisition rate of the system 9 7.7 Verificatio
18、n of the Delta-t measurement. 9 8 Documentation 10 Annex A (Informative) Sensor Performance Check Form . 14 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 09:37:53 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 3 EN 13477-2:2001 BSI 03-2001 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared
19、by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138, Non-destructive testing, the Secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2001, and conflicting national standards
20、 shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2001. This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. This European Standard is considered to be a supporting standard to those application and product standards which
21、in themselves support an essential safety requirement of a New Approach Directive and which make normative reference to this European Standard. This standard about “Non destructive testing Acoustic emission Equipment characterization” consists of the following parts: Part 1: Equipment description Pa
22、rt 2: Verification of operating characteristics Part one of this standard gives a description of the main components of an AE monitoring system. Part two of this standard gives methods and acceptance criteria for verifying the electronic performance of an AE monitoring system. These methods and acce
23、ptance criteria are used to routinely check and verify the performance of an AE monitoring system composed of one or more channels during its life time. Annex A is informative. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are boun
24、d to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 09:37:53 G
25、MT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 4 EN 13477-2:2001 BSI 03-2001 1 Scope This part of the standard specifies methods for routine verification of the performance of an AE equipment comprising one or more sensing channels. It is intended for use by operators of the equipment. Verification
26、of the measurement characteristics is recommended after purchase of equipment, modifications or use under extraordinary conditions. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at th
27、e appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the
28、 publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 1330-1, Non-destructive testing Terminology Part 1: List of general terms EN 1330-2, Non-destructive testing Terminology Part 2: Terms common to the non-destructive testing methods EN 1330-9, Non-destructive testing Terminology Part 9: Term
29、s used in acoustic emission testing EN 13477-1:2001, Non-destructive testing Acoustic emission Equipment characterization Part 1: Equipment description 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this standard the definitions of EN 1330-1, EN 1330-2, EN 1330-9, EN 13477-1:2001 and IEC 60050 Internat
30、ional Electrotechnical Vocabulary apply. 4 Required test equipment The following minimum test equipment is required: Test block; Hsu-Nielsen source; Sweep function/variable pulse signal generator; Random noise generator; Dual channel storage oscilloscope; Variable attenuator, graduated in decibels;
31、Multimeter; RMS voltmeter; DC Power supply. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 09:37:53 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 5 EN 13477-2:2001 BSI 03-2001 4.1 Test set-up The test set-up is shown in Figure 1. The test signal is fed into the preamplifier (or the main am
32、plifier when the preamplifier is integral with the sensor). The dynamic range and frequency response of the test equipment shall be significantly better than the AE monitoring equipment under examination. Different test signals shall be used depending on the characteristic under examination. Testing
33、 an external parameter channel shall require a DC signal generator. 4.2 Test signal waveforms The following types of test signals shall be used to verify the operating characteristics of the AE measurement system: a)Continuous sinewave This type of test signal shall be used to measure the frequency
34、response and gain of the measurement system. b) Noise signal In this type of test signal the amplitude and frequency change stochastically. It shall be used to verify the response to continuous AE. c) Triangular gated sinewave This type of wave simulates an AE burst signal, see Figure 2. It is defin
35、ed by the following characteristics: A = amplitude R = rise-time D = duration f = carrier frequency d) Rectangular gated sinewave This type of signal is defined by the characteristics A, D and f, see Figure 3. Note Various gated sinewaves are used to verify the measured AE burst signal characteristi
36、cs, e.g. detection threshold, peak amplitude, rise time, duration, energy, ringdown count, see 7.3 and 7.4. e) Pulse This test signal shall be used to check the measurement of Delta t and the overload behaviour of the preamplifier, see Figure 4. It is defined by the characteristics A and D. The rise
37、-time shall be significantly less than the reciprocal of the “cut-off” frequency of the AE measurement system. f) Repetitive signals This is a series of transient signals. It is described by the type of transient used and the repetition frequency (typically 1 Hz to 1 kHz) and is used to verify the s
38、ignal processing rate, see 7.6. 5 Verification of sensor sensitivity The following procedure allows rapid comparison of the sensitivity of sensors. Damage to sensors can result from e.g., mechanical shock, exposure to high temperature, a corrosive environment, water ingress, a damaged connector or c
39、able. Test equipment preamplifier and cable used shall be controlled to ensure reproducibility of results. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 09:37:53 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 6 EN 13477-2:2001 BSI 03-2001 5.1 Uses The specific objective of the procedure fo
40、r checking sensors are: warning of degrading response; determining when a sensor is no longer suitable for use; checking sensors that are known to have been exposed to high-risk conditions; creating matched sets of sensors to achieve uniform performance; verifying sensors quickly and reliably in the
41、 field and assisting trouble shooting when a channel shows a fault. 5.2 Test block This can take different forms, e.g., a metallic plate, a plexiglass rod. Once chosen, the dimensions, construction material, Hsu-Nielsen source position, sensor mounting position and usage shall be controlled to ensur
42、e reproducibility of results. The surface in contact with the sensor shall be flat and smooth. The test block shall be isolated acoustically from the work bench to avoid interference from external noise sources. 5.3 Procedure For verification of a sensor sensitivity a reference preamplifier and cabl
43、e shall be used. Mount the sensor on the test block using an appropriate couplant. Be sparing with the couplant, e.g., approximately 0,1 cm3 of silicone grease is adequate for most types of sensor. Press the sensor firmly down onto the test block to ensure a good coupling. Take care the attachment c
44、annot be perturbed during the test. The use of a constant force device is recommended. Using the Hsu-Nielsen source make a minimum of 3 lead breaks at the prescribed position on the test block. In each case record the signal amplitude in units of dBAE, on the test record card. If the difference betw
45、een the lowest and highest readings is more than 3 dB, repeat the procedure until a set of 3 “good” breaks has been made. Before proceeding to the next sensor, clear away the couplant from the previous test. The test temperature and lead diameter shall be recorded. A suitable format for test records
46、 is shown in annex A. The above-described procedure does not exclude any other qualified method. 5.4 Noise level of sensor and preamplifier combination The noise level of the sensor and preamplifier combination shall be measured with the sensor unmounted, see 6.2.1. The noise level is measured in sp
47、ecified units and shall not normally vary by more than 3 dB from sensor to sensor. The measured value shall be reported in the test record card (see annex A). Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 09:37:53 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 7 EN 13477-2:2001 BSI 03-2001
48、 6 Verification of preamplifier performance The following procedure applies to voltage preamplifiers. Verification involves measuring: electronic noise (peak and/or RMS); gain; frequency response and bandwidth; maximum voltage output. 6.1 Test Set-up Perform a physical examination of the preamplifie
49、r to identify any obvious mechanical damage, paying particular attention to cables and connectors. The preamplifier power supply shall be at the prescribed voltage. Good measurement practice requires: correct impedance matching throughout; avoidance of ground loops; avoidance of sources of electromagnetic interference. Input and output signals shall be compared. A continuous sinewave signal shall be used for the input, see 4.2. 6.2 Measurement o