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1、BRITISH STANDARD AUTOMOBILE SERIES BS AU 50-1-0.1:1999 ISO 13326: 1998 Tyres and wheels Part 1: Tyres Section 0: General Subsection 1: Method of test for measuring tyre uniformity ICS 43.040.50; 83.160.01 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 02:11:25
2、GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS AU 50-1-0.1:1999 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 May 1999 BSI 02-2000 ISBN 0 580 30624 0 Nationa
3、l foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 13326:1998 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee AUE/4, Tyres and wheels for motor vehicles, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the
4、 text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this comm
5、ittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by u
6、sing the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immuni
7、ty from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 10 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be ind
8、icated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 02:11:25 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS AU 50-1-0.1:1999 BSI 02-2000i Contents Page N
9、ational forewordInside front cover Forewordiii Text of ISO 133261 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 02:11:25 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ii blank Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 0
10、2:11:25 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 02:11:25 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS AU 50-1-0.1:1999 ii BSI 02-2000 Contents Page Forewordiii 1Scope1 2Normative references1 3Definitions1 4Test
11、 equipment and its requirements3 4.1Apparatus for measurement of forces and geometry3 4.1.1General3 4.1.2Structural resonant frequencies4 4.1.3External vibrations4 4.2Test drum4 4.3Test rim4 4.4Measuring system5 4.5Type inflation and deflation5 4.6Optional instrumentation5 4.7Ambient conditions5 5Te
12、sting5 5.1Preparation of the tyre for measurement5 5.2Measurement of forces5 5.3Measurement of geometrical parameters6 6Data interpretation7 6.1Forces7 6.2Geometry8 7Accuracy of the instrumentation8 8Accuracy of the calibration system8 Annex A (informative) Optional test conditions9 A.1Purpose9 A.2T
13、est wheels9 A.3Test mean radial force9 Figure 1 Reference axis system for forces2 Figure 2 Examples of wave shapes of forces generated by tyre7 Table 14 Table 24 Table 34 Table 45 Table 55 Table 65 Table 75 Table 86 Table A.19 Table A.29 Table A.310 Descriptors: Road vehicles, tyres, pneumatic tyres
14、, tests, determination, characteristics. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 02:11:25 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS AU 50-1-0.1:1999 BSI 02-2000iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide feder
15、ation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that commit
16、tee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the tec
17、hnical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 13326 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 31, Tyres, rims and valves. Annex A of this I
18、nternational Standard is for information only. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 02:11:25 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv blank Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 02:11:25 GMT+00:00 2
19、006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS AU 50-1-0.1:1999 BSI 02-20001 1 Scope This International Standard specifies test methods carried out under controlled conditions for verifying the uniformity of tyres for passenger cars, commercial vehicles and motorcycles. NOTELack of uniformity around a tyre prod
20、uces variations in forces applied by the tyre to the vehicle and this influence is repeated with each revolution of the tyre. At the present state of the art, however, it is impossible to manufacture perfectly uniform tyres. A rigid control of the complete manufacturing process can only minimise the
21、 unavoidable imperfections of materials, components and processes affecting uniformity. Methods for measuring the geometrical run-out of the tyre in both radial and lateral directions are covered, as well as methods for measuring the following parameters: radial force variation; lateral force variat
22、ion; ply steer; conicity. Not all of these measurements will necessarily be relevant in every situation. This International Standard does not include methods for measuring the static and the dynamic unbalance nor methods related to tyre-wheel assemblies. The test methods specified in this Internatio
23、nal Standard are not intended for the gradation of tyres or the definition of quality levels. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indica
24、ted were valid. All standards are subject to revisions and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid Inter
25、national Standards. ISO 4000-1:1995, Passenger car tyres and rims Part 1: Tyres (metric series). ISO 4000-2:1994, Passenger car tyres and rims Part 2: Rims. ISO 4209-1:1993, Truck and bus tyres and rims (metric series) Part 1: Tyres. ISO 4209-2:1993, Truck and bus tyres and rims (metric series) Part
26、 2: Rims. ISO 4223-1:1989, Definitions of some terms used in the tyre industry Part 1: Pneumatic tyres. ISO 4249-1:1985, Motorcycle tyres and rims (Code designated series) Part 1: Tyres. ISO 4249-2:1990, Motorcycle tyres and rims (Code-designated series) Part 2: Tyre load ratings. ISO 4249-3:1997, M
27、otorcycle tyres and rims (code-designated series) Part 3: Rims. ISO 5751-1:1994, Motorcycle tyres and rims (metric series) Part 1: Design guides. ISO 5751-2:1994, Motorcycle tyres and rims (metric series) Part 2: Tyre dimensions and load-carrying capacities. ISO 6054-1:1994, Motorcycle tyres and rim
28、s (code-designated series) Diameter codes 4 to 12 Part 1: Tyres. ISO 6054-2:1990, Motorcycle tyres and rims (Code-designated series) Diameter codes 4 to 12 Part 2: Rims. ISO 8855:1991, Road vehicles Vehicle dynamics and road-holding ability Vocabulary. IEC 60654-1:1993, Industrial-process measuremen
29、t and control equipment Operating conditions Part 1: Climatic conditions. VIM:1993, International vocabulary of basic and general terms in metrology, BIPM, IEC, IFCC, ISO, IUPAC, IUPAP, OIML. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the definitions given in ISO 4223-1, ISO 8855
30、, VIM and the following apply. NOTE 1See Figure 1 for the axis reference system. NOTE 2Also refer ISO 4000-1, ISO 4000-2, ISO 4209-1, ISO 4209-2, ISO 4249-1, ISO 4249-2, ISO 4249-3, ISO 5751-1, ISO 5751-2, ISO 6054-1 and ISO 6054-2. 3.1 uniformity state in which any characteristic of the tyre is con
31、stant in phase and magnitude in both static and dynamic conditions around the circumference NOTEUniformity is concerned with axis symmetry of mass distribution, geometry and forces generated when the solid is in motion. Lack of uniformity in a tyre, when it is rotating around its axis, causes variat
32、ions of forces, which may vary with the angular speed and are applied to the said axis. 3.2 peak to peak (total) difference between the maximum and the minimum values of measurement signal, within a specified bandwidth, during one revolution 3.3 first harmonic peak to peak amplitude of the fundament
33、al frequency component of the Fourier transform representing the variation NOTEIts frequency is equal to the frequency of rotation. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 02:11:25 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS AU 50-1-0.1:1999 2 BSI 02-2
34、000 3.4 second (and higher order) harmonic peak to peak amplitude of the second (or higher order) frequency component of the Fourier transform representing the variation 3.5 Forces 3.5.1 radial force variation %FR value of the variation of the force in the radial direction (Z axis) of a loaded tyre
35、which repeats itself for each revolution at a fixed loaded radius and a constant speed, in newtons 3.5.2 lateral force variation %FL value of the variation of the force in the lateral direction (Y axis) of a loaded tyre which repeats itself for each revolution at a fixed loaded radius and a constant
36、 speed, in newtons 3.5.3 lateral force offset lateral force deviation average value of the lateral force of a loaded straight free-rolling tyre, in newtons 3.5.4 ply steer component of the lateral force offset which changes sign with a change in the direction of rotation, in newtons 3.5.5 conicity c
37、omponent of the lateral force offset which does not change sign with a change in the direction of rotation, in newtons 3.5.6 tangential force variation tractive force variation %FT value of the variation of the force in fore and aft direction (X axis) of a loaded tyre which repeats itself for each r
38、evolution at a fixed loaded radius and a constant speed, in newtons NOTEMeasurement of this parameter is not covered by this International Standard. Figure 1 Reference axis system for forces FL Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 02:11:25 GMT+00:00 2
39、006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS AU 50-1-0.1:1999 BSI 02-20003 3.6 Geometry 3.6.1 tyre radial run-out variation of the tyre radius measured perpendicularly to the spin axis on a circumference along the tread surface, excluding the influence of the various grooves and vents located on the tread, in
40、 millimetres 3.6.2 tyre lateral run-out variation of the distance from a fixed reference plane, normal to the spin axis, of a given tyre sidewall at a given distance from said axis, excluding the influence of the lettering and other markings on the sidewall, in millimetres 3.6.3 test rim radial run-
41、out variation of the wheel radius measured perpendicularly to the spin axis on a circumference along the bead seat, in millimetres NOTEIt is measured separately for each bead seat. 3.6.4 test rim lateral run-out variation of the distance from a fixed reference plane, perpendicular to the spin axis,
42、of the inside vertical portion of the rim flange at a given distance from said axis, in millimetres NOTEIt is measured separately for each rim flange. 3.7 Mass distribution 3.7.1 unbalance static unbalance (3.7.2) or dynamic unbalance (3.7.3) or both 3.7.2 static unbalance product (m e) of the mass
43、m of the tyre times the eccentricity e of its centre of gravity, expressed in gram millimetres NOTE 1When the tyre is spun at an angular velocity , the static unbalance generates a centrifugal force Fz normal to the rotational axis, given by: Fz= m e 2 NOTE 2A pneumatic tyre is actually a deformable
44、 solid, which means that the distribution of mass, and therefore the eccentricity of the centre of gravity, may vary with the rotational speed. Therefore in practice it should be assumed that e is a function of . 3.7.3 dynamic unbalance the product (Ia Id) of the axial inertia Ia minus the diametric
45、al inertia Id times the misalignment between the tyre main inertia axis and the tyre rotation axis, measured on a tyre running freely, expressed in gram square millimetres NOTE 1When the tyre is spun at a constant angular velocity , the dynamic unbalance generates a bending moment M, perpendicular t
46、o the rotation axis given by: M = (Ia Id) sin 2 where sin is approximated by . NOTE 2A pneumatic tyre is actually a deformable solid, which means that Ia and Id, and therefore the relative positions of their axes in space, may vary with the rotational speed. In practical terms it should be assumed t
47、hat Ia and Id are functions of . 3.8 phase angular orientation of the tyre related to a reference point 3.9 direction of rotation direction of rotation as perceived from the operating position see Figure 1 NOTEPositive rotation of the drum is assumed to be a rotation around the Y axis, when the Z ax
48、is moves clockwise onto the X axis. 3.10 test drum rotating cylindrical flywheel 4 Test equipment and its requirements 4.1 Apparatus for measurement of forces and geometry 4.1.1 General 4.1.1.1 The equipment for the measurement of forces and geometry shall include an axle or spindle supporting a rim
49、 on which the tyre may be readily mounted, a test drum, the axis of which is parallel to said axle, a means for loading the tyre against the drum (or pushing the drum against the tyre) at a specified force and/or for holding a fixed tyre-to-drum axis distance during measurements, equipment to measure the force components in the radial (Z axis) and lateral (Y axis) directions while the tyre and the drum are rotated at prescribed speed, and optionally, means for rapid inflation and