BS-EN-1288-1-2000.pdf

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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1288-1:2000 The Eur

2、opean Standard EN 1288-1:2000 has the status of a British Standard ICS 81.040.20 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Glass in building Determination of the bending strength of glass Part 1: Fundamentals of testing glass Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, S

3、at Oct 28 08:57:55 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Committee for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 August 2000 BSI 08-2000 I

4、SBN 0 580 36155 1 BS EN 1288-1:2000 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 1288-1:2000. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/520, Glass and glazing in bu

5、ilding, to Subcommittee B/520/4, Properties and glazing methods, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related inte

6、rnational and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be f

7、ound in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled International Standards Correspondence Index, or by using the Find facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards

8、are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 24, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI

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