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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12444:2001 Industrial, commercial and garage doors and gates Resistance to wind load Testing and calculation The European Standard EN 12444:2000 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.060.50 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BS EN 1244
2、4:2001 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Committee for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 March 2001 BSI 03-2001 ISBN 0 580 37208 1 National foreword This British Standar
3、d is the official English language version of EN 12444:2000. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/538, Doors, windows, shutters, hardware and curtain walling, to Subcommittee B/538/5, Industrial, commercial and garage doors and gates, which has the responsib
4、ility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section ent
5、itled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compli
6、ance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Further information Users of this standard are informed that the UK submitted a vote of disapproval on the final voting stage of the draft EN for the following reasons: 1) The Standard does not indicate how to re
7、late the results of testing to the wind load classifications given in EN 12424. 2) EN 12424 identifies wind load classes under which no permanent deformation of the door or its components that could influence the function and safety performance of the door is permitted. Beyond that point, the door i
8、s required to stay in place, even permanently distorted, under an additional 25% wind load above the classification load. EN 12444 does not indicate how to verify conformity to this requirement. 3) EN 12444 does not indicate how to apply the safety factors given in EN 12604 to cover the transfer of
9、test results or calculated results (which have different factors) into classifications. 4) The wording of 9.2.2 is not clear and attempts are being made to have the clause rewritten as follows: “When the product is exposed to wind pressures up to a required classification level, the seals between mo
10、ving parts, such as those located on the perimeters of door panels, may be breached. Where this occurs, seals shall not be physically damaged to prevent compliance with achieved classifications for other characteristics such as air permeability, water penetration or thermal resistance.” 5) The issue
11、s outlined in 1, 2 and 3 are being considered in the course of the preparation of the product standard, EN 13241 to which reference should be made. 6) The UK mirror committee (B/538/5) is continuing to apply for amendments to EN 12444 to deal with all the issues outlined. Summary of pages This docum
12、ent comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 15 and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on t
13、he interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12444 November 2000 IC
14、S 91.060.50 English version Industrial, commercial and garage doors and gates Resistance to wind load Testing and calculation Portes quipants les locaux industriels, commerciaux et de garage Rsistance la charge de vent Essais et calculs Tore Widerstand gegen Windlast Prfung und Berechnung This Europ
15、ean Standard was approved by CEN on 27 October 2000. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references co
16、ncerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own
17、 language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Swede
18、n, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2000 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members.
19、Ref. No. EN 12444:2000 E Page 2 EN 12444:2000 BSI 03-2001 Contents Page Foreword 2 Introduction 3 1Scope 3 2Normative references 4 3Terms and definitions 4 4Principle of test 4 5Apparatus 5 6Preparation of test specimen or elements (E) 5 7Test procedure 5 8Calculation 6 9Failure criteria 6 10Test re
20、port 7 Annex A (informative) Example for calculation and test of door leaves 8 Annex B (informative) Differential pressure Test loading of door leaves 15 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 33, Doors, windows, shutters, building hardware and curtain wallin
21、g, the Secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2001, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2001. This Europe
22、an Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries ar
23、e bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. This standard is one of a series of performance standards i
24、dentified within the product standard prEN 13421:1999. This European Standard as well as relevant national regulations and standards will enable the actual exposure levels to be determined for the individual locations of the products. Annexes A and B are informative. Page 3 EN 12444:2000 BSI 03-2001
25、 Introduction The objective of strength tests and calculations according to this standard is to assess that the strength of the door assembly is sufficient to fulfil the essential requirements in the directives, to ensure that the products remain safe independent of their conditions. Tests and/or ca
26、lculations may be performed by the manufacturer and/or approved laboratory. 1Scope 1.1 General This European Standard specifies the test method and/or calculation of resistance to wind load for doors in a closed position. The doors are intended for installation in areas in the reach of people, for w
27、hich the main intended uses are giving safe access for goods, vehicles and persons in industrial, commercial or residential premises. The doors may be manually or power operated. This document applies to all doors provided in accordance with prEN 13241:1998. 1.2 Exclusions This document does not app
28、ly to: - lock gates and dock gates; - doors on lifts; - doors on vehicles; - armoured doors; - doors mainly for the retention of animals; - theatre textile curtains; - horizontally moving doors less than 2,5 m wide and 6,25 m2 area, designed principally for pedestrian use; - revolving doors of any s
29、ize; - doors outside the reach of people (such as crane gantry fences); - railway barriers; - barriers used solely for vehicles. Page 4 EN 12444:2000 BSI 03-2001 2Normative references This European Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normat
30、ive references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated referen
31、ces the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 12424:2000Industrial, commercial and garage doors and gates Resistance to wind load Classification EN 12433-1Industrial, commercial and garage doors and gates Terminology Part 1: Types of doors EN 12433-2Industr
32、ial, commercial and garage doors and gates Terminology Part 2: Parts of doors EN 12604Industrial, commercial and garage doors and gates Mechanical aspects Requirements prEN 13241:1998Industrial, commercial and garage doors and gates Product standard EN ISO 7345Thermal insulation Physical quantities
33、and definitions (ISO 7345:1987) 3Terms and definitions For the purpose of this standard the terms and definitions in EN 12433-1 and EN 12433-2 as well as EN ISO 7345 shall apply. 4Principle of test The principle of test is to apply a pressure differential across the test specimen, to determine failu
34、re. Full size specimen shall be tested. If it is impossible or uneconomical to achieve full-scale testing, parts of door assemblies (elements E) shall be tested for calculating a result for a full door calculation. Whether testing full door assemblies or elements of doors, the maximum height/width d
35、imension which is critical to the wind load resistance (e.g. width for vertically operating doors) shall be tested for each design criterion. In order to provide information for the extrapolation of results for smaller sizes, at least one additional test shall be completed on an alternative dimensio
36、n for each design criterion. Page 5 EN 12444:2000 BSI 03-2001 5Apparatus A surround for the test specimen or elements shall be prepared; it shall be able to withstand the pressures applied during the test without deflecting to an extent likely to impair jointing or to impose bending stresses that mi
37、ght affect the performances of test specimen. 6Preparation of test specimen or elements (E) 6.1The test specimen or elements shall be installed in the test position as advised by the manufacturer, taking into account the frame tracks and any wind resisting devices. 6.2The test specimen or elements s
38、hall consist of parts that in detail conform to the production level of quality. Whenever possible the test specimen should be newly made. Doors and parts in stock are to be regarded as newly made if they fully comply with the specification of the running production. 7Test procedure 7.1 Testing of c
39、omplete doors 7.1.1Loads applied to the sample should be in accordance with annex B to give the classification as noted in Table 1 from EN 12424:2000. 7.1.2 An evenly distributed load or pressure may be applied to the surface. This can be achieved in various ways, for example, but not restricted to:
40、 a) air-pressurized chamber, in which case steps shall be taken to eliminate all air leakage on the product and its attachment to the supporting construction; b) bags filled with sand or water distributed over the surface of the test sample, see annex B; c) air-pressurized bags applied across the wh
41、ole surface between a fixed rigid surface, for example the floor and the surface of the test sample. 7.2Testing of individual or collective elements 7.2.1Uniformly distributed loads shall be applied in the same manner as described in 7.1.2 in gradual steps and the effect upon deflection of the produ
42、ct, permanent distortion, engagement within the door frame and ultimate failure shall be recorded after removing the loading when considered necessary (see annex A). The original sub-assembly mass and self-deflection shall be taken into account. NOTE: For elements which contain only completely homog
43、enous material a central point loading may be used as an alternative to uniformly distributed loading. 7.2.2To calculate the resistance for the whole door assembly, according to the example in annex A the strength of components may be individually tested for failure by applying a load in the same di
44、rection as will result from an applied wind load. NOTE: The whole door may contain elements incorporating features such as windows or pass doors. 7.2.3To ensure that production methods and material consistency will not adversely affect the results, the test result shall contain a safety factor accor
45、ding to EN 12604. Page 6 EN 12444:2000 BSI 03-2001 8Calculation 8.1Calculations shall be done in accordance with normal engineering practice. Calculations can be performed by using parameters which have been determined by preliminary tests on defined elements, such as finite-element methods. Annex A
46、 describes such a simplified method. 8.1.1Calculations shall be carried out to verify that the largest size of product to be manufactured is capable of withstanding the highest load (differential pressure) within the classification group according to EN 12424:2000 that the product is to perform. 8.1
47、.2It is not a requirement of this standard that every assembly that is produced shall have a set of calculations produced to suit. It is expected that factory control procedures and design control procedures will ensure consistent product quality and performance. 8.2The structural opening size and area shall be used to determine the load to be applied. 8.3When strength calculations are carried out on fixings and/or location fea