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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 8427:2004 Jug water filter systems Specification ICS 13.060.20; 97.040.99 ? Incorporating Corrigendum No. 1 BS 8427:2004 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 14 December 2004 The following BSI references relate
2、to the work on this British Standard: Committee reference B/504/13 Draft for comment 03/110850 DC ISBN 978 0 580 63084 2 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee, B/504, Water supply, to Subcommittee B/504/13, Dome
3、stic water treatment, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Water Department of Health Health Aspects of the Environment and Food Division Royal Society of Chemistry UK Physical Water Conditioning Association Water Research Centre Plc. Water UK Amendments issued since publication
4、 Amd. NoDateComments Cor 130 May 2008Value in B.2 corrected BSI 2008 -,-,- BS 8427:2004 i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover Forewordii Introduction1 1Scope1 2Normative references1 3Terms and definitions2 4Components and materials3 5Performance3 6Test methods4 7Marking and labell
5、ing7 8Manufacturers instructions for use7 Annex A (normative) Preparation of stock solutions8 Annex B (normative) Preparation of challenge water9 Annex C (informative) Example filtering and sampling schedule11 Annex D (informative) Analytical methods12 Annex E (informative) Example test result sheet
6、s13 Bibliography15 Table 1 Chemical concentration requirements3 Table 2 Taste and odour concentration requirements3 Table 3 Performance characteristics of analytical methods6 Table A.1 Preparation of metal stock solutions8 Table C.1 Example11 BS 8427:2004 ii Foreword This British Standard has been p
7、repared under the direction of Technical Committee B/504 to reflect the growing use of jug water filter systems. Regarding possible unfavourable effects of the products to which this standard applies on the quality of water for human consumption, note that, while awaiting the adoption of verifiable
8、European criteria, existing national regulations concerning the use and/or characteristics of this product remain in force (see 4.2). This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Summary of pages This docu
9、ment comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 15 and a back cover. The start and finish of text introduced by Corrigendum No. 1 is indicated in the text by tags ab. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. BS 8427:2004 1 Intr
10、oduction Jug water filter systems are increasingly being used by the public to modify the qualities of domestic tap water. The jug water filter systems specified in this British Standard are not designed to be used for the reduction of micro-organisms. They are designed to be used with drinking wate
11、r only. Valid and reliable test protocols are needed to evaluate the performance of different water treatment systems in filtering drinking water. Owing to the complexity of the parameters that have an impact on the test results it is important to follow a specific filtration testing procedure. In p
12、articular, tests for certain metals such as lead can produce different results if a particular filtration procedure is not followed. This standard includes a detailed protocol for preparation of challenge water and performance testing; the spiking levels specified enable the reduction of specified s
13、ubstances to be assessed but can be higher than would normally be encountered in public drinking water supplies. 1 Scope This British Standard specifies requirements for the performance and labelling of jug water filter systems used for the domestic treatment of drinking water only. 2 Normative refe
14、rences The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. BS 6920-1, Suitability of non-metallic pro
15、ducts for use in contact with water intended for human consumption with regard to their effect on the quality of the water Specification. BS 6920-2.1, Suitability of non-metallic products for use in contact with water intended for human consumption with regard to their effect on the quality of the w
16、ater Part 2: Methods of test Section 2.1: Samples for testing. BS 6920-2.2.1, Suitability of non-metallic products for use in contact with water intended for human consumption with regard to their effect on the quality of the water Part 2: Methods of test Section 2.2: Odour and flavour of water Subs
17、ection 2.2.1: General method of test. BS 6920-2.3, Suitability of non-metallic products for use in contact with water intended for human consumption with regard to their effect on the quality of the water Part 2: Methods of test Section 2.3: Appearance of water. BS 6920-2.4, Suitability of non-metal
18、lic products for use in contact with water intended for human consumption with regard to their effect on the quality of the water Part 2: Methods of test Section 2.4: Growth of aquatic micro-organisms test. BS 6920-2.5, Suitability of non-metallic products for use in contact with water intended for
19、human consumption with regard to their effect on the quality of the water Part 2: Methods of test Section 2.5: The extraction of substances that may be of concern to public health. BS 6920-2.6, Suitability of non-metallic products for use in contact with water intended for human consumption with reg
20、ard to their effect on the quality of the water Part 2: Methods of test Section 2.6: The extraction of metals. BS EN ISO 3696:1995, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods. BS EN ISO 7393-2, Water quality Determination of free chlorine and total chlorine Part 2: Colorimetr
21、ic method using N,N-diethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine, for routine control purposes. BS EN 12915-1, Products used for the treatment of water intended for human consumption Granular activated carbon Part 1: Virgin granular activated carbon. -,-,- BS 8427:2004 2 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of
22、this British Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 cartridge replaceable/rechargeable container that contains the filtration medium (3.5) through which the unfiltered water passes NOTEThis will normally be attached to, or placed within, the hopper (3.7). 3.2 cartridge exchange ind
23、icator device by which the need to change a cartridge (3.1) is indicated NOTEIt can work, for example, by elapsed time or throughput of water. 3.3 challenge water medium used in the testing of the performance of the jug water filter system (3.9) NOTEThis is prepared by the addition of test chemicals
24、 to analytical grade water. 3.4 drinking water water of a quality suitable for drinking purposes BS 6068-1.1:2004, definition 30 3.5 filtration medium medium through which the unfiltered water passes NOTE This can, for example, consist of activated carbon or ion exchange resins or a mixture of these
25、. 3.6 filtrate drinking water (3.4) that has been treated by a jug water filter system (3.9) 3.7 hopper separate, removable chamber that contains the unfiltered water 3.8 jug receptacle that collects the filtrate (3.6) 3.9 jug water filter system free-standing water filtration system, i.e. not conne
26、cted to the drinking water (3.4) supply 3.10 limit of quantification lowest concentration of a determinand, in a sample, that can be determined quantitatively NOTE Limit of quantification is calculated as 4.65 times the relative within-batch standard deviation of a blank sample. BS 8427:2004 3 4 Com
27、ponents and materials 4.1 Components The jug water filter system shall comprise some or all of the following: jug; hopper; cartridge/filtration medium; cartridge exchange indicator; lid. NOTEThe components of a jug water filter system can vary and might include parts other than those listed. However
28、, this list is representative of most jug water filter systems currently available. 4.2 Materials Non-metallic materials in contact with water, except activated carbon, shall satisfy the requirements of BS 6920-1 when tested according to BS 6920-2.1, BS 6920-2.2.1, BS 6920-2.3, BS 6920-2.4, BS 6920-
29、2.5 and BS 6920-2.6. Activated carbon shall conform to BS EN 12915-1. 5 Performance When tested in accordance with Clause 6 against the claim made by the manufacturer in accordance with Clause 7, the jug water filter system shall not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations in the filtrate for
30、at least one of the claimed determinand(s) in Table 1 or both of those in Table 2. Table 1 Chemical concentration requirements Table 2 Taste and odour concentration requirements There is no regulated limit governing the amount of silver within filtered water. However, to conform to this standard, if
31、 the cartridge incorporates silver, when analysed in accordance with 6.8, the average silver concentration in the filtrate shall not exceed 0.05 mg/l for the life of the cartridge. If the manufacturers instructions stipulate that an amount of water should be discarded before commencement of use then
32、 those instructions shall be followed before testing is carried out.1) DeterminandUnitsConcentration in the challenge water Concentration in the filtrate (max.) Grand meanMaximum daily mean Aluminium4g/l as Al20050100 Chlorinemg/l as Cl210.20.3 Coppermg/l as Cu30.51 Carbonate hardness mg/l as CaCO32
33、00120140 Lead4g/l as Pb1001020 Nitratemg/l as NO3501020 NOTEThe method for calculating the grand mean and the maximum daily mean is given in 6.9. DeterminandUnitsConcentration in the challenge water Concentration in the filtrate (max.) Grand meanMaximum daily mean 2,4,6-TCPa4g/l as 2,4,6-TCP52.52.5
34、Geosminb4g/l as geosmin0.050.0250.025 NOTEThe method for calculating the grand mean and the maximum daily mean is given in 6.9. a 2,4,6-trichlorophenol b 2,6-dimethylbicyclo4.4.0decan-l-ol 1)The average concentration of silver in the filtrate from a jug filter is expected to be less than the 50 4g/l
35、 limit included in this standard. Taking account of the anticipated consumer usage profile for jug filters, the level of exposure to silver arising from the use of jug filters is expected to be not significantly greater than exposure allowed via current approval for intermittent use in public water
36、supplies. -,-,- BS 8427:2004 4 6 Test methods 6.1 Reagents and stock solutions 6.1.1 Reagents Analytical grade reagents and water conforming to Grade 2 or better of BS EN ISO 3696. 6.1.2 Stock solutions Stock solutions prepared as in Annex A. 6.2 Apparatus 6.2.1 Storage tank, sealable, light-tight c
37、ontainer covered with lid, tarpaulin or floating cover and equipped with a stirrer or re-circulating pump. 6.2.2 Analytical balance, capable of weighing to 1 mg. 6.2.3 Volumetric glassware. 6.2.4 Plastics or glass sample bottles. 6.2.5 Calibrated pipettes or syringes. 6.3 Preparation 6.3.1 Preparati
38、on of storage tank Flush the storage tank (6.2.1) to remove any sediment. Fill the storage tank (6.2.1) with water, adding 7.5 ml 0.5 ml of a sodium hypochlorite solution with an available chlorine concentration of (12 1) % by mass per litre of water in the tank. Stir or pump for a minimum of 30 min
39、 to sanitize. Discard the chlorinated water and flush the storage equipment with water. 6.3.2 Preparation of challenge water Prepare the challenge water as described in Annex B. Store the challenge water in the storage tank (6.2.1). 6.3.3 Preparation of the jug water filter system Assemble and condi
40、tion the jug water filter system(s) to be tested, in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. 6.4 Sampling schedule Sample both challenge water and composite sample and analyse in accordance with 6.8 on days in the filtration cycle where 5 %, 15 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 % of the claimed to
41、tal filtration capacity for the jug water filter system are reached. NOTESee Annex C for examples of filtering and sampling schedules. 6.5 Procedure Metal reduction 6.5.1 General Test each metal separately. 6.5.2 Sampling Challenge water Take a sample of the challenge water (B.2) for analysis in acc
42、ordance with 6.8. 6.5.3 Filtration Taking account of the manufacturers instructions for care during use, place a maximum of one litre (or a volume not exceeding 2 % of the manufacturers claimed capacity for the jug water filter system) of challenge water (B.2) in the hopper of each jug water filter
43、system. Allow the challenge water (B.2) to filter into the jug. Leave to stand for 30 min. BS 8427:2004 5 Empty the filtrate from each filtration of each jug into a storage vessel. Perform this process five times within one day. Repeat this process on a further four consecutive days. Cease filtratio
44、n for two days. Recondition each jug water filter system in accordance with the manufacturers instructions for action following periods of two days non-use. Repeat this process of five days filtration followed by two days break until 100 % of the claimed capacity for the jug water filter systems has
45、 been filtered, e.g. 100 l claimed capacity equals 20 filtering procedures. 6.5.4 Sampling Composite samples On non-sampling days discard the filtrate. On sampling days (see 6.4) acidify each sample of filtrate immediately, according to the requirements of the analytical method chosen, and mix all o
46、f the water filtered in the jug that day to form a composite sample for each jug water filter system. NOTETypically, nitric acid ( = 1.42 g/ml) is added to provide an acid concentration of 1 % by volume. Analyse the composite samples for each jug water filter system in accordance with 6.8. 6.6 Proce
47、dure Hardness, nitrate and chlorine reduction 6.6.1 Sampling Challenge water Take a sample of the challenge water (B.3). Analyse, in accordance with 6.8, immediately before commencing filtration. 6.6.2 Filtration Taking account of the manufacturers instructions for care during use, place a maximum o
48、f one litre (or a volume not exceeding 2 % of the manufacturers claimed capacity for the jug water filter system) of challenge water (B.3) in the hopper of each jug water filter system. Allow the challenge water (B.3) to filter into the jug. Leave to stand for 30 min. Empty the filtrate from each filtration from each jug into a storage vessel. Perform this process five times within one day. Repeat this process on a further four consecutive days. Cease filtration for two days. Recondition each jug water filter system in accordance with the manufacturers instructions for action foll