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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13979-1:2003 Railway applications Wheelsets and bogies Monobloc wheels Technical approval procedure Part 1: Forged and rolled wheels The European Standard EN 13979-1:2003 has the status of a British Standard ICS 45.040 ? BS EN 13979-1:2003 This British Standard was published u
2、nder the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 9 January 2004 BSI 9 January 2004 ISBN 0 580 43209 2 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 13979-1:2003. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee
3、RAE/3, Railway rolling stock material, to Subcommittee RAE/3/-/1, Wheels and wheelsets, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or Europ
4、ean publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include al
5、l the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries o
6、n the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 46, an inside back co
7、ver and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13979-1 December 2003 ICS 45.040 English version Railway applications
8、- Wheelsets and bogies - Monobloc wheels - Technical approval procedure - Part 1: Forged and rolled wheels Applications ferroviaires - Essieux monts et bogies - Roues monobloc - Procdure dhomologation technique - Partie 1: Roues forges et lamines Bahnanwendungen - Radstze und Drehgestelle - Vollrder
9、 - Technische Zulassungsverfahren - Teil 1: Geschmiedete und gewalzte Rder This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 November 2003. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a nationa
10、l standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any oth
11、er language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Gre
12、ece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussel
13、s 2003 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13979-1:2003 E EN 13979-1:2003 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.4 Introduction.5 1 Scope6 2 Normative references.6 3 Parameters for the definition of the application covered.6 3.1 P
14、arameters for geometrical interchangeability.6 3.1.1 Functional requirements6 3.1.2 Assembly requirements.7 3.1.3 Maintenance requirements 7 3.2 Parameters for thermomechanical assessment .7 3.3 Parameters for mechanical assessment.7 3.4 Parameters for acoustic assessment8 4 Description of the wheel
15、 to be approved 8 5 Assessment of the geometrical interchangeability 8 6 Assessment of the thermomechanical behaviour 8 6.1 General procedure8 6.2 First stage Braking bench test9 6.2.1 Test procedure .9 6.2.2 Decision criteria .9 6.3 Second stage Wheel fracture bench test10 6.3.1 General10 6.3.2 Tes
16、t procedure .10 6.3.3 Decision criterion.10 6.4 Third stage Field braking test.10 6.4.1 General10 6.4.2 Test procedure .10 6.4.3 Decision criteria .10 7 Assessment of the mechanical behaviour11 7.1 General procedure11 7.2 First stage - Calculation.11 7.2.1 Applied forces 11 7.2.2 Calculation procedu
17、re12 7.2.3 Decision criteria .13 7.3 Second stage Bench test13 7.3.1 General13 7.3.2 Definition of bench loading and of the test procedure.13 7.3.3 Decision criteria .13 8 Assessment of the acoustical behaviour13 8.1 General procedure13 8.2 Calculation procedure14 8.3 Field measurements.14 8.4 Decis
18、ion criteria .14 9 Technical approval documents15 Annex A (normative) Assessment of the thermomechanical behaviour.17 A.1 Assessment organigram17 A.2 Braking bench test procedure.18 EN 13979-1:2003 (E) 3 A.2.1 Principle of the test . 18 A.2.2 Definition of braking 18 A.2.3 Method of measuring the de
19、cision criteria. 18 A.2.4 Tests and measurements 20 A.2.5 Anomalies 21 A.3 Wheel fracture bench test procedure . 21 A.3.1 Principle of the test . 21 A.3.2 Definition of drag braking . 21 A.3.3 Pre-cracking of the rim 22 A.3.4 Special measurement methods required for this test 22 A.3.5 Tests and meas
20、urements 22 A.3.6 Anomalies 23 A.4 Field braking test procedure. 23 A.4.1 Principle of the test . 23 A.4.2 Definition of braking 23 A.4.3 Method of measurement of the decision criteria 24 A.4.4 Standard test run. 24 A.4.5 Tests and measurements 25 A.4.6 Anomalies 26 Annex B (normative) Organigram of
21、 the mechanical behaviour assessment 27 Annex C (informative) Mechanical behaviour Finite element code assessment. 28 Annex D (informative) Mechanical behaviour Bench loading and test procedure 29 D.1 Principle of bench loading and test procedure 29 D.2 Definition of loading 29 D.2.1 General. 29 D.2
22、.2 Measurement of the stresses during field tests. 30 D.3 Fatigue bench test. 30 D.3.1 Method 1 Random fatigue test. 30 D.3.2 Method 2 Single-stage fatigue test 31 Annex E (informative) Assessment of the acoustical behaviour 34 E.1 Assessment organigram. 34 E.2 Calculation procedure. 35 E.2.1 Prelim
23、inary comment 35 E.2.2 Calculation of the wheel modal basis. 35 E.2.3 Selection of the reference track model. 35 E.2.4 Definition of the calculation parameters. 35 E.2.5 Power calculation 35 E.2.6 Insertion. 36 E.2.7 Calculations of the decision criteria for acoustical technical approval of the whee
24、l. 37 E.2.8 Optional calculations. 37 E.3 Field measurement procedure 37 E.3.1 Objective and preliminary remark. 37 E.3.2 Recommendations for the operating conditions 38 E.3.3 Measurement procedure . 41 E.3.4 Analysis of results. 43 Bibliography. 46 EN 13979-1:2003 (E) 4 Foreword This document EN 13
25、979-1:2003 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2004, and confl
26、icting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2004. Annexes A and B are normative. Annexes C, D and E are informative. This document contains a bibliography. This European Standard is part of a series of two EN 13979 standards, Part 2 of which is: Part 2: Other procedures. Accor
27、ding to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,
28、Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. EN 13979-1:2003 (E) 5 Introduction To date, UIC regulations specified that for a wheel to be used in Europe: its design had to be standardized; it had to conform to the quality requirements of UIC leaflet 812-3. In order
29、to be able to adapt to new railway working conditions, on the one hand, and to facilitate the introduction of new technical solutions, on the other, it has been necessary to replace the concept of standardization with the definition of specifications that a wheel design shall meet to be accepted on
30、a European network. The standard covers these specifications and describes precisely how to assess the wheel design. To be able to apply these specifications, it is essential to define the use of the wheel; this standard also states how to define this use. At least four aspects are described with di
31、fferent purposes: a geometrical aspect: to allow interchangeability of different solutions for the same application; a thermomechanical aspect: to manage wheel deformations and to ensure that braking will not cause wheels to break; a mechanical aspect: to ensure that no fatigue cracks occur in the w
32、eb; an acoustical aspect: to ensure that the solution chosen is as good as the reference wheel, for the use in question. For each of these three latter aspects, the rules proposed tend to limit the procedure, the easier the objectives are to attain by the wheel under study. This standard does not co
33、ver assessment of the hub nor of the static mechanical dimensioning of the wheel. EN 13979-1:2003 (E) 6 1 Scope The aim of this European Standard is to define the requirements that a monobloc wheel of a freight of passenger railway vehicle non-powered axle shall meet in order to be able to be used o
34、n a European network. For wheels of powered axles or wheels with noise dampers, the requirements may be amended or supplemented. For light vehicles and tramways, other standards or documents accepted by the customer and supplier may be used. This European Standard only applies to wheels of new desig
35、n. These requirements are intended to assess the validity of the design choice for the proposed use. The assessment of these requirements is the technical approval procedure. This European Standard is applicable to forged and rolled wheels for which the quality requirements are defined in prEN 13262
36、. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revi
37、sions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 12668-3, Non-destructive testing - Characterization and verification o
38、f ultrasonic examination equipment - Part 3: Combined equipment. EN 13103, Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Non-powered axles Design method. prEN 13262, Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies Wheels - Product requirement. 3 Parameters for the definition of the application covered T
39、he application for which the wheel is to be approved shall be defined by the following parameters. If the application parameters are changed for an approved wheel, the customer and supplier shall review the assessments. 3.1 Parameters for geometrical interchangeability The application shall be defin
40、ed by geometrical interchangeabliity parameters divided into three categories according to whether they are linked to functional, assembly or maintenance requirements. 3.1.1 Functional requirements the nominal tread diameter that influences the buffer height and the loading gauge; the maximum rim wi
41、dth linked to the points and crossing and the track brakes; EN 13979-1:2003 (E) 7 the tread profile outside the conical part of the tread; the position of the rim internal surface relative to the corresponding surface of the hub; the conicity of the hub bore; the space required for disc brakes mount
42、ed on the wheel; the space needed on the bogie frame, braking equipment and suspension equipment. 3.1.2 Assembly requirements the bore diameter; the hub length to ensure overhanging of the hub on the wheelseat. 3.1.3 Maintenance requirements the wear limit diameter or the last reprofiling diameter;
43、the wear groove shape; the geometry of the area for wheel clamping on reprofiling machines; the position and shape of the hole and groove for displacement under oil pressure; the general rim shape to allow ultrasonic measurement of residual stresses in wheels braked by shoes. 3.2 Parameters for ther
44、momechanical assessment The application shall be defined by: the maximum braking energy created by the friction of the brake shoes on the rail surface. This energy may be defined by a power Pa, a time ta and a train speed Va during drag braking. If it is defined by other parameters (for braking to a
45、 stop, for example), these parameters are defined by agreement between the customer and the supplier; the type of brake shoes applied to the wheel (nature, dimensions and number). 3.3 Parameters for mechanical assessment The application shall be defined by: the maximum vertical static force per whee
46、lset; the type of service to be provided by the vehicles that will be fitted with the wheels to be approved: description of the lines: geometric quality of the tracks, curve parameters, maximum speeds . ; running times on these lines; the calculated service life of the wheel, in kilometres. EN 13979
47、-1:2003 (E) 8 3.4 Parameters for acoustic assessment The application shall be defined by all the parameters influencing the noise emitted by the wheel and not directly involved in the design of the wheel to be approved, such as: the reference track on which the wheel is to run; the reference wheel t
48、o which the design will be compared; the reference rolling stock and one or more reference speeds; one or two surface roughness spectra representative of the range of operational values of the wheel under test. 4 Description of the wheel to be approved The designer of the wheel to be approved shall
49、supply documentation comprising: the description of the fabrication process (forging, rolling, heat treatment,); the definition of the wheel geometry (drawing); the following fabrication parameters, if they differ from those defined in prEN 13262: geometrical tolerances; surface finishes; steel grade; the parameters for defining the application for which the approval is requested. At the end of this