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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13295:2004 Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures Test methods Determination of resistance to carbonation The European Standard EN 13295:2004 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.080.40 ? Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon
2、 Oct 30 06:35:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 13295:2004 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 12 July 2004 BSI 12 July 2004 ISBN 0 580 44036 2 National foreword This British Standard is the official English lang
3、uage version of EN 13295:2004. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/517, Concrete, to Subcommittee B/517/8, Protection and repair of concrete structures, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtaine
4、d on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of
5、the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid e
6、nquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This
7、document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 15 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldu
8、n, na, Mon Oct 30 06:35:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13295 May 2004 ICS 91.080.40 English version Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures - Test methods - Determination of resistance to carbonatio
9、n Produits et systmes de protection et de rparation des structures en bton - Mthodes dessai - Dtermination de la rsistance la carbonatation Produkte und Systeme fr den Schutz und die Instandsetzung von Betontragwerken - Prfverfahren - Bestimmung des Karbonatisierungswiderstands This European Standar
10、d was approved by CEN on 24 March 2004. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such
11、 national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language a
12、nd notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
13、Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2004 CENAll rights of exploitation in
14、any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13295:2004: E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 06:35:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13295:2004 (E) 2 ContentsPage Foreword. 3 1Scope . 4 2Normative references . 4 3Terms and def
15、initions. 4 4Principle. 5 5Equipment 5 6Preparation 5 6.1General. 5 6.2Mixing and curing . 6 6.3Dry conditioning 6 7Procedure 7 7.1General. 7 7.2Standard measuring procedure. 7 7.3Effect of dense aggregates 8 7.4Effect of voids / porous aggregates / extreme values of dmax 8 8Precision and reproducib
16、ility 8 9Test results and test reports 8 Annex A (normative) Summary of temperatures and humidities for the curing, conditioning and testing of repair products and systems . 14 A.1Curing. 14 A.2Standard laboratory climate 14 Bibliography. 15 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 06:
17、35:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13295:2004 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13295:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 104 “Concrete and related products”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. It has been prepared by sub-committee 8 “Protection and repairs of
18、 concrete structures“ (Secretariat AFNOR). This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2004. Anne
19、x A is normative. This European Standard is one of a series dealing with products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures. It describes a method for determining the resistance to carbonation of a test specimen made from a repair product or system, excluding application of a
20、protective coating system. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
21、 Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 06:35:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13295:2004 (E) 4 1 Scope This
22、 European Standard specifies an accelerated laboratory method for measuring the resistance against carbon dioxide penetration through repair products and systems, as defined in prEN 1504-3. The method is based on measurement of the depth of carbonation of the sample in a concentrated carbon dioxide
23、atmosphere over a fixed time interval. The method is suitable for assessing the performance of repair grouts, mortars and concretes without a protective coating system applied. The method does not measure the resistance to reduction in pH-value that may occur by absorption of other acidic gases (e.g
24、. SO2, HCl ). 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendmen
25、ts to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 196-1, Methods of testing cement Part 1: Determination of
26、 strength. EN 1504-1:1998, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures Definitions, requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity Part 1: Definitions. EN 1015-2, Methods of test for mortar for masonry Part 2: Bulk sampling of mortars and preparation of test
27、 mortars. EN 1766, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures Test methods Reference concretes for testing. prEN 14630:2003, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures Test methods Determination of carbonation depth in hardened concrete b
28、y the phenolphthalein method. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 1504-1:1998 and the following apply. 3.1 Carbonation alkaline components (e.g. calcium hydroxide) in the cement paste react with atmospheric carbon dioxide, after w
29、hich the pH of the mortar or concrete is reduced. 3.2 Carbonation Depth carbonation depth (dk) is the average distance, measured in mm, from the surface of the concrete or mortar where the carbon dioxide (CO2) has reduced the alkalinity of the hydrated cement to an extent such that an indicator solu
30、tion based on phenolphthalein remains colourless. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 06:35:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13295:2004 (E) 5 4 Principle The resistance of the repair product or system against carbonation is measured by an accelerated laboratory tes
31、t, where samples are exposed to an atmosphere containing 1 % CO2 at a temperature of (21 2) C and relative humidity (RH) of (60 10) %. NOTE The concentration of 1 % CO2 in air develops the same reaction products with hydrated cement as a normal atmosphere at 0,03 % CO2. The relative humidity of (60
32、10) % results in the fastest rate of carbonation of CC and PCC materials. The carbonation depth is measured by applying phenolphthalein indicator on a freshly broken piece of the specimen, following the procedure set out in clause 4.2 of prEN 14630:2003 The same specimen may be used several times to
33、 measure the increase in carbonation depth with time, by removing a small slice of the specimen for each measurement. 5 Equipment 5.1Sealed cabinet for specimen exposure, with provision for gas inlets and outlets such that a uniform flow of CO2 reaches all parts of the cabinet. 5.2Gas supply of 1 %
34、CO2 in air, which should be supplied in a premixed bottled form. 5.3Humidity controller designed to maintain (60 10) % RH inside the cabinet in the presence of concrete samples that react with CO2 to liberate extra moisture. 5.4Phenolphthalein solution comprising 1 g of phenolphthalein indicator in
35、a solution of 70 ml ethanol and 30 ml demineralised water. 5.5Concrete cutting tools including a hammer and chisel for breaking pieces off the specimens. 5.6Moulds for producing specimens made from non absorbent, rigid material, not attacked by cement paste or polymers. 5.7Mortar mixer, in accordanc
36、e with EN 196-1, or forced action pan mixer. 5.8Compaction tools and equipment for repair grouts, mortars and concretes according to EN 196-1 or EN 1015-2. NOTEThe compaction method should be in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. 5.9Curing and conditioning room in accordance with annex
37、A. 5.10Measuring equipment, e.g. ruler or calliper. 6 Preparation 6.1 General The test shall be carried out on rectangular specimens of various sizes. For a grout, mortar or concrete, a prism-shaped specimen to EN 196-1 40 mm x 40 mm x 160 mm shall be the minimum size used. For a concrete, with a ma
38、ximum aggregate size of 10 mm the minimum size of specimen shall be 100 mm x 100 mm x 400 mm. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 06:35:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13295:2004 (E) 6 The test is carried out on two parallel samples of repair product or system, an
39、d compared alongside two samples of control concrete. 6.2 Mixing and curing Unless otherwise instructed by the manufacturer, use the following mixing technique for preparing the specimens. For PCC and CC mortar, use the mortar mixer (5.7) set to a low speed, pouring the liquid into the bowl and addi
40、ng the dry ingredients, mixing for a total period of two minutes. For concrete mixes that contain coarse aggregates ( 4 mm), preparation shall be in accordance with EN 196-1, using a concrete mixer (5.7), or as otherwise instructed by the manufacturer. Where manufacturers instructions preclude use o
41、f part bags of material, a concrete mixer (5.7) or other method recommended by the manufacturer shall be used. NOTE 1It has been found that certain types of repair mortar can foam excessively under the action of the mortar mixer specified in EN 196-1. An alternative is to use a concrete mixer (5.7).
42、 Place the mixed material carefully into the moulds, compacting thoroughly. The specimens shall be finished flush with the sides of the mould using a steel float. NOTE 2The air content, strength and density of the CC and PCC mixes should normally be determined to characterise the mortar under test.
43、The specimens to be tested shall be compared against prisms of reference concrete type C (0,45), as defined in EN 1766. No air entraining admixture shall be used in the mix. The moulds shall be at least 100 mm x 100 mm x 400 mm and shall be filled and compacted on a vibrating table. All specimens sh
44、all be stripped from their moulds and then cured in accordance with the requirements of annex A. The sides of the specimens shall be free from contaminants (e.g. demoulding agents or other materials), which could influence the carbonation rate. 6.3 Dry conditioning The test specimens and concrete co
45、ntrol specimens shall be brought to an even moisture content by storage in the standard laboratory climate defined in annex A, until the weight change is less than 0,2 % in a 24-hour period. NOTEThe necessary period of storage shall be at least 14 days. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mo
46、n Oct 30 06:35:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13295:2004 (E) 7 7 Procedure 7.1 General After preparation and conditioning, the specimens shall be placed on knife edge supports inside the sealed cabinet and exposed to the test gas, adjusting the flow rate to provide positive pressur
47、e. NOTEThe gas flow rate into the chamber will depend on the size of chamber and number of specimens behaving as CO2 absorbers. The flow rate should be checked and verified as satisfactory by periodic sampling of the gas in representative areas of the cabinets, including likely still-air positions.
48、The depth of carbonation (dk) shall be measured for both the test specimen and control concrete specimen at the end of the Dry conditioning period and then after 56 days in the cabinet. The depth of carbonation shall be measured, using the procedure given in prEN 14630:2003 clause 4.2, on freshly br
49、oken faces from each prism. For each measurement a slice of 15 mm minimum thickness shall be broken off the prism using the chisel or bolster and the piece sprayed with the phenolphthalein indicator solution. Measurement of the depth of carbonation shall then be made (60 5) min after spraying. The carbonation depth for the specimen (dk) is the average depth on all four sides , measured in accordance with the following procedure, with Side 1 being the trowelled f