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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13465:2004 Ventilation for buildings Calculation methods for the determination of air flow rates in dwellings The European Standard EN 13465:2004 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.140.30 ? Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 10:44:54 GMT+00:00 2006
2、, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 13465:2004 This British Standard, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 January 2004 BSI 28 January 2004 ISBN 0 580 43323 4 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 13465
3、:2004. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RHE/2, Air distribution and air diffusion, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards wh
4、ich implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This public
5、ation does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible internationa
6、l/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title pa
7、ge, pages 2 to 33 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 10:44:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EU
8、ROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13465 January 2004 ICS 91.140.30 English version Ventilation for buildings - Calculation methods for the determination of air flow rates in dwellings Ventilation des btiments - Mthodes de calcul pour la dtermination des dbits dair dans les logements
9、 Lftung von Gebuden - Berechnungsverfahren zur Bestimmung von Luftvolumenstrmen in Wohnungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 November 2003. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the s
10、tatus of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German).
11、A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
12、 Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISC
13、HES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2004 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13465:2004: E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 10:44:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontr
14、olled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13465:2004 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword3 Introduction.4 1Scope 4 2Normative references 5 3Terms and definitions5 4Symbols and abbreviations7 5Classification8 5.1Building types 8 5.2Shielding class.8 6Input data9 6.1Climatic data.9 6.2Building and dwelling related data.9 6.3Sys
15、tem data11 7Whole house air flow rates .12 7.1General12 7.2Input parameters and building representation.12 7.3Total air flow rate per dwelling or apartment13 7.4Outdoor air flow rate14 7.5System flow14 7.6Flow balance equation 14 7.7Individual flows14 7.8Airing flow.15 7.9Combustion induced flow.16
16、7.10Application to APT building types .16 8Determination of average flow values.18 9Results18 9.1Presentation of results18 9.2Resolution.18 Annex A (informative) Selection of input data values 19 A.1Leakage characteristics for different building construction types 19 A.2Conversion formulas for overa
17、ll leakage values21 A.3Conversion formula for opening characteristics22 A.4Data on wind pressure coefficients .22 A.5Climatic data.24 A.6Combustion flow factor.26 Annex B (informative) Calculation examples 27 B.1General27 B.2Multifamily house (including comparison with measurements).28 Bibliography3
18、2 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 10:44:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13465:2004 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13465:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 156 “Ventilation for buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This Europ
19、ean Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2004. The annexes A and B are informative. This document includes a bib
20、liography. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
21、 Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 10:44:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13465:2004 (E) 4 Introduction The general app
22、roach for the methods presented in this document, together with some background information, is described in this introduction and references on which the presented methods are based are given in the Bibliography. This European Standard covers air flows for dwellings and this information may be need
23、ed for different applications, such as: calculation of energy losses due to ventilation; determination of design or maximum heating load due to ventilation; evaluation of indoor air quality. Depending on the application and the building type, either outdoor air flow rates or both outdoor and interna
24、l flows are considered. In addition different applications may require varying levels of simplification. This is not allowed for directly in the methods, but through the degree of detail required for the input parameters, and the number of sets of parameters to be used. Default values and advice on
25、the selection of appropriate input data should be given in the standards dealing with specific applications. This European Standard is based on volume flows, with reference to indoor air temperature. A mass flow based approach is more correct, and may be applied if necessary. This method is based on
26、 a single zone model using a simple flow balance equation that is solved alternatively for the unknown internal pressure. This process normally requires a computer. The advantage of this method is that the interactions between the wind induced flow, the stack induced flow and the flows from any mech
27、anical system are considered correctly. Nevertheless, the methods and equations outlined give flow rate values for a specific state of the ventilation system components, namely the ducts and vents (open or closed), the fan and the combustion appliance (on or off), and for a specific set of internal
28、temperature and outside climate data. For the determination of the evolution in time of these air flows, the calculation procedure has to be repeated for each state of the system (and for each set of temperature and wind data, if applicable). The average flow values have to be calculated according t
29、o the opening and running time fractions of the specific components. NOTEThe methods presented are in principle applicable to other types of buildings, however, the basic assumptions as well as all quantitative aspects given herein are adjusted to the situation normally encountered in dwellings. 1 S
30、cope This European Standard specifies methods to calculate basic whole house air flow rates for single family houses and individual apartments up to the size of approximately 1 000 m3. This European Standard may be used for applications such as energy loss calculations, heat load calculations and in
31、door air quality evaluations. The same basic method apply for these different applications, the input parameter values being selected according to the requirements of the specific application. This standard covers natural, mechanical extract and balanced ventilation systems. Flows due to window open
32、ing are also considered, but only as a single sided effect (i.e. no cross ventilation). Therefore, the application is limited mainly to the heating season. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 10:44:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13465:2004 (E) 5 2 Normative refer
33、ences This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of th
34、ese publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 12792, Ventilation for buildings Symbols, terminology and graphical symbols. CR 1749, Eu
35、ropean scheme for the classification of gas appliances according to the method of evacuation of the products of combustion (Types). prEN ISO 15927-1, Hygrothermal performance of buildings - Calculation and presentation of climatic data - Part 1: Montly and annual means of single meteorological eleme
36、nts (ISO/FDIS 15927:2002). 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 12792 together with the following apply. 3.1 building height height of the building from the entrance ground level to the roof top level 3.2 building type classificati
37、on of building in respect of type of house or apartment, building height and staircase configuration (see 5.1) 3.3 vertical duct duct or shaft, including flue or chimney, which is mainly vertical and not closed 3.4 dwelling building or part of a building where people normally live 3.5 dwelling leaka
38、ge overall leakage airflow for a given test pressure difference across building 3.6 dwelling volume volume within internal outdoor walls of the purposely conditioned space of the building (or part of the building). This generally includes neither the attic, nor the basement, nor any additional struc
39、tural annex of the building 3.7 dwelling air temperature average air temperature of the rooms in the dwelling 3.8 vent opening intended to act as an air transfer device 3.9 reference wind speed at site wind speed at site, at a height of 10 m, in undisturbed shielding conditions NOTE 1Shielding is ac
40、counted for in the wind pressure coefficients. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 10:44:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13465:2004 (E) 6 NOTE 2In some countries, the reference wind speed is taken as equal to the meteo data available for the site. If not, an appro
41、priate method to extrapolate from the meteo wind speed to the reference wind speed at site has to be used (see annex A.5). 3.10 shielding effect classified according to the relative height, width and distance of relevant obstacle(s) in relation to the building (see 5.3) 3.11 natural ventilation syst
42、em ventilation system where the air is moved by natural forces into the building through leakages (infiltration) and openings (ventilation), and leaves the building through leakages, openings, cowls or roof outlets including vertical ducts used for extraction 3.12 mechanical extract ventilation syst
43、em ventilation system where the air is extracted from the dwelling by a fan and using exhaust air terminal devices, ducts and roof /wall outlets, the air having entered the dwelling through externally mounted air transfer devices, windows and leakages 3.13 mechanical balanced ventilation system vent
44、ilation system where the air is supplied to the building by a fan, ducts and supply air terminal devices, and air is extracted from the building by another fan, ducts, exhaust air terminal devices, cowls or roof/wall outlets 3.14 airing natural ventilation by window opening NOTEIn this standard, onl
45、y single sided ventilation effects are considered which means the ventilation effect due to this window opening is considered to be independent of other open windows or additional ventilation system flows Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Oct 30 10:44:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Co
46、py, (c) BSI EN 13465:2004 (E) 7 4 Symbols and abbreviations SymbolDescriptionUnit Aeff Effective area of an air terminal device m2 CFlow coefficient of leakage or vent dm3/s at 1 Pa CDDischarge coefficient of an opening Ckratio of flow through a bottom hung window and the totally opened window Cinf
47、Leakage coefficient of dwelling envelope leakage dm3/s at 1Pa Cint Leakage coefficient of internal leakages dm3/s at 1Pa CpWind pressure coefficient- Fd Time proportion of duct open- Ffan Time proportion of fan running- FV Time proportion of vents open- HbBuilding heightm HdDistance from ground leve
48、l to duct top endm HfHeight of dominating facadem HStack heightm HWD Average height from bottom to top of window openingsm lpspecific leakage proportion nFlow exponent- n50 Overall leakage value of the dwellingair changes per hour (ach) at 50 Pa PNominal power of combustion appliancekW pPressure (re
49、lative to barometric pressure)Pa Difference of temperature indoor outdoorC pPressure differencePa Qv Air volume flow rate dm3/s VVolume of the dwelling m3 vReference wind speedm/s Air temperatureC Air density kg/m3 angle of window opening WWDAverage width of the window openingm Subscripts: AvAverage value RRoom related parameterinRelated to flow into the room or dwelling IntRelated to adjacent internal roomnatRelated to natural ventilation OutRelated to outsidesupplyRelated to nomi