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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 2591-222:2007 Aerospace series Elements of electrical and optical connection Test methods Part 222: Insertion Loss (I.L.) ICS 49.060 ? Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resal
2、e, 08/14/2008 20:24:00 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- BS EN 2591-222:2007 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2008 BSI 2008 ISBN 978 0 580 56476 5 National foreword This British S
3、tandard is the UK implementation of EN 2591-222:2007. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee ACE/6, Aerospace avionic electrical and fibre optic technology. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This p
4、ublication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication DateComments Copyright British Standa
5、rds Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 20:24:00 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 2591-222 December 2007 ICS 49.06
6、0 English Version Aerospace series - Elements of electrical and optical connection - Test methods - Part 222: Insertion Loss (I.L.) Srie arospatiale - Organes de connexion lectrique et optique - Mthodes dessais - Partie 222 : Pertes dinsertion Luft- und Raumfahrt - Elektrische und optische Verbindun
7、gselemente - Prfverfahren - Teil 222: Einfgungsdmpfung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 April 2006. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any
8、 alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made b
9、y translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
10、 Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NO
11、RMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 2591-222:2007: E Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Li
12、censee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 20:24:00 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 2 Contents Page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references4 3 Preparation of specimens.4 4 Apparatus .5 5 Procedure .5 6 Requirement.6 7 Detail to be specified.6
13、Annex A (normative) Definition of S parameters .8 BS EN 2591-222:2007 Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 20:24:00 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from I
14、HS -,-,- 3 Foreword This document (EN 2591-222:2007) has been prepared by the Aerospace and Defence Industries Association of Europe - Standardization (ASD-STAN). After enquiries and votes carried out in accordance with the rules of this Association, this Standard has received the approval of the Na
15、tional Associations and the Official Services of the member countries of ASD, prior to its presentation to CEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2008, and conflicting national
16、standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2008. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC
17、Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg
18、, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 2591-222:2007 Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2
19、008 20:24:00 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 4 1 Scope This standard specifies a measurement method of insertion loss, in the required frequency bandwidth of coax contacts or connectors with characteristic impedance. It shall be used together with EN 2591-10
20、0. The measurement is carried out according to vectorial method using “S” parameters (see definition in Annex A). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated refere
21、nces, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 2591-100, Aerospace series Elements of electrical and optical connection Test methods Part 100: General. 3 Preparation of specimens The sampling shall include, for each specified cable, a minimum of two sectio
22、n of coaxial cable with connector in both ends. The first section called “Reference” is constituted as follow (see Figure 1): (600 5) mm of coaxial cable 1 male coaxial connector (SMA, N or TNC type ) 1 female coaxial connector (SMA, N or TNC type ) Key 1 Coaxial (Std) female connector 2 Coaxial (St
23、d) male connector 3 Coaxial cable; Lg. = (600 5) mm Figure 1 1 2 3 BS EN 2591-222:2007 Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 20:24:00 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted witho
24、ut license from IHS -,-,- 5 The coaxial connectors shall be selected to offer optimum performances for each used cable and measured frequency range. They must have a reflection coefficient better than 0,1 ( 20 dB) in the test frequency range. It is necessary to use the same type of connector on each
25、 section of cable. The second section called “Measure” (see Figure 2) is constituted by the same elements as “Reference Section”, the sample to be measured shall be installed in the middle of the section of the cable. Key 1 Coaxial (Std) female connector 2 Device under test 3 Coaxial (Std) male conn
26、ector 4 Coaxial cable; Lg. = 2 (300 2,5) mm Figure 2 4 Apparatus The apparatus shall comprise measuring equipment which includes (see Figure 3): vector network analyser calibration kit standard precision adapters a 75 kit of transformation, to perform measurement from 50 network analyser, when it is
27、 necessary. 5 Procedure 5.1 Calibration Select measure frequency range and sampling points number. Carry out the complete calibration of network analyser, Part 1 and Part 2 (“S” Parameters, S11, S12, S21 and S22) Using calibration kit according to instructions specified by network analyser manufactu
28、rer. 3 4 1 4 2 BS EN 2591-222:2007 Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 20:24:00 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 6 5.2 Measurement Connect
29、reference section on network analyser, using if necessary, standard precision adapter. Perform the measurement, and run the curves tracer or record the values (S12, S21 parameters). Move “reference section”, connect the “measure section” on the equipment, run the measurement and curve tracer, or rec
30、ord the values as above. 6 Requirement Sample insertion loss, which is measured, is the result of: (measured insertion loss reference insertion loss). Insertion loss shall not exceed the values specified in the product standard. (The insertion loss of one contact or connector shall be the insertion
31、loss of the contact or connector pair divided by two). 7 Detail to be specified The following items shall be specified: coaxial devices (contact or connector) part numbers coaxial cables part number standard coaxial connectors part number network analyser, manufacturer, type and serial number freque
32、ncy range sampling point number standard precision adapter part number measurement impedance (50 or 75 ) for coaxial contact, connection length wiring instruction and tooling for thread coupling connectors, the coupling torque of the coupling ring. BS EN 2591-222:2007 Copyright British Standards Ins
33、titution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 20:24:00 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 7 Key 1 Vector network analyser 2 RF generator and “S” parameter test set Legend Precision h
34、ermaphroditic connectors Standard Precision Adapters Figure 3 Hermaphrodite Interface Standard Coaxial Connector Interface Device Under Test Interface BS EN 2591-222:2007 Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001
35、Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 20:24:00 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 8 Annex A (normative) Definition of S parameters A.1 Effective Power of a Sinusoidal source Consider an E.M.F. source, E, measured in Vrms with an internal impedance Zg and a load impedance
36、Z. The applied power P dissipated in Z is defined as ()( )Z e ZZ E *Z*Z *E ZZ ZE e*I V e P g gg + = + = 2 2 )()( P is a maximum when *ZZ g = (balanced load). This maximum power is known as the effective or RMS nota Root Mean Squared power for a given source (E, Zg) and can be expressed as Prms = )(
37、2 g d Ze E P = 4 In general, when Z has a different value to Zg, we define P as + = 22 1 )( g g g ZZ *Z-Z Ze E P 4 where g g ZZ *ZZ + is known as the Power Reflection Coefficient. The power dissipated in Z can be expressed as the difference of two powers, and when the source (E, Zg) power is maximum
38、 and when Z Zg, the amount of power reflected towards the source is equal to 2 g g ZZ *Z-Z + BS EN 2591-222:2007 Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 20:24:00 MDTNo reproduction or
39、networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 9 A.2 Waves Incident and Reflected (Kurokawa Waves) Let us define an impedance, Z, in terms of a potential difference, V, and a current I. We also define an Incident Wave, a, and a Reflected Wave, b, with respect to a Reference Resistance, Rg, as f
40、ollows: the power dissipated in Z = P = |a|2 |b|2 the effective power generated by the source (E, Rg) = Prms = |a|2 Expressing a and b in terms of V, I, Rg, gives: g g R I R V a 2 + = g g R I R V b 2 = If Z is supplied by the source (E, Rg) we can state that E = V + Rg.I which automatically validate
41、s Prms = |a|2. NOTE - Rg is known as the Reference Resistance for the “waves“ a and b - The word wave is written inside speech marks because a and b do not show the typical electromagnetic behaviour associated with classical waves they are rather Power Waves - The definition of a and b is independen
42、t of that fact that the dipole Z is fed by a source of an internal resistance Rg - The power dissipated in Z is independent of the characteristics of the source and is always equal to |a|2|b|2 - The ratio of the waves b to a is equal to (when V = Z.I) g g R Z R - Z a b + = which is the Reflection Co
43、efficient of the impedance Z with respect to the reference resistance Rg. BS EN 2591-222:2007 Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 20:24:00 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitte
44、d without license from IHS -,-,- 10 A.3 S Parameters of a quad pole Let us apply the precedent definition to the input and output of a quad pole device. This time we define an incident and reflected wave, a1 and b1, for the input side and incident and reflected wave, a2 and b2, for the output side,
45、relative to the input and output reference resistances, R1 and R2. 1 111 1 2R I RV a + = 2 222 2 2R I RV a + = 1 111 1 2R I RV b = 2 222 2 2R I RV b = We can state that the system is linear and we can therefore re-write the above equations to express on variable in function of two of the other unkno
46、wns. b1 = S11 a1 + S12 a2 b2 = S21 a1 + S22 a2 These S Parameters are also known as the system distribution parameters and characterise the quad pole in function of its input and output reference resistances, R1 and R2. NOTE These S Parameters define the quad pole at a given frequency A.4 Physical S
47、ignification and Interest of S Parameters A.4.1 Physical significance of S11 If S11 = b1/a1, where a2 = 0, then a2 is equivalent to V2 = R2.I2, the output of the quad pole is therefore closed loop on R2 and if Ze is the input impedance of Q, then in these conditions, we can state that V1 = Ze.I1 and S11 is the input reflection coefficient with respect to R1 when the output impedance = R2. 1 1 11 RZ RZ S e e + = BS EN 2591-222:2007 Copyright British Standards Institution