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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12234:2002 Surfaces for sports areas Determination of ball roll behaviour The European Standard EN 12234:2002 has the status of a British Standard ICS 97.220.10 ? Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 14:40:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 1
2、2234:2002 This British Standard, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 15 August 2003 BSI 15 August 2003 ISBN 0 580 42464 2 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 12234:2002. It partially supersedes BS 7044
3、-2.1:1989 (replacing methods 2 and 3). EN 12234:2002 is one of a package of standards being produced by CEN/TC 217. On publication of the entire package, BS 7044 will be withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/57, Surfaces for sports areas, which h
4、as the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section
5、entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compl
6、iance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related
7、 international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 9 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Am
8、endments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 14:40:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12234 September 2002 ICS 97.220.10 English version Surfaces for sports areas - Deter
9、mination of ball roll behaviour Sols sportifs - Dtermination du comportement de la balle en roulement Sportbden - Bestimmung des Ballrollverhaltens This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 May 2002. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the
10、conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in thr
11、ee official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Aust
12、ria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Mana
13、gement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2002 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12234:2002 E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 14:40:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12234
14、:2002 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword3 1Scope 3 2Normative reference.3 3Principle3 4Apparatus .3 5Preparation of the test specimen.6 6Conditioning.6 7Procedure .6 8Calculation and expression of results.7 9Test report 8 Bibliography9 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 14:40:30 GMT+00
15、:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12234:2002 (E) 3 Foreword This document EN 12234:2002 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 217 “Surfaces for sports areas“, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by p
16、ublication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2003. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement
17、 this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for determination of t
18、he rolling behaviour of a ball on a sports surface. 2 Normative reference This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For
19、dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 12229, Surfaces for
20、sports areas Procedure for the preparation of synthetic turf and textile test pieces. 3 Principle A ball is rolled down a ramp, from a specified height, onto a test surface and either the distance the ball rolls or the velocity change of the ball on the surface is measured. 4 Apparatus 4.1 Ball, con
21、forming to the regulations of the governing body of the relevant sport, and to the appropriate conditions given below: Association Football: a ball inflated to a pressure of 0,9 bar 0,1 bar. Bowls: an unbiased bowl of mass (1475 2,5) g and of diameter (125 5) mm (as specified in the 1999 edition of
22、the World Bowls Board Performance Standard for Artificial Flat Green Bowls Surfaces 1). NOTEThese requirements have been found acceptable in use and it has not been found necessary to specify additional requirements such as circumference or mass of the ball. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, n
23、a, Sat Oct 28 14:40:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12234:2002 (E) 4 4.2 Ball roll ramp, comprising two smooth parallel bars, mounted at an angle on a rigid frame, and having dimensions in accordance with Figures 1 and 2. At their lower end, the bars curve to become parallel with th
24、e ground. The ramp for bowls shall have a rubber lining to prevent slipping. NOTEThe spacing between the parallel bars depends on the diameter of the ball used in the test. Dimensions in millimetres R 500 50 1 000 + 5- Figure 1 Side view of ball roll ramp Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na,
25、Sat Oct 28 14:40:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12234:2002 (E) 5 Dimensions in millimetres I Key l = 105 5Association Football l = 50 10Bowls l = 45 5Hockey Figure 2 Plan of ball roll ramps 4.3 Bubble level, optional, suitable for measuring vertical and horizontal alignment. 4.4 Al
26、ignment device, optional, suitable for setting the ball roll ramp vertically on a level surface. 4.5 Tape measure, for determination of all rolling distances. 4.6 Set of optically triggered timing gates, accurate to 0,1 m/s, to measure the speed of the ball at two points in its travel, for determina
27、tion of velocity change, the first timing gate positioned at least 1 m from the end of the ramp to eliminate any top spin generated by the ramp. NOTEOptically triggered timing gates are only required for velocity change determination (see 7.2). Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28
28、14:40:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12234:2002 (E) 6 4.7 Means of measuring wind speed, accurate to within 0,1 km/h. 5 Preparation of the test specimen The test shall be carried out on in-situ indoor or outdoor sport surfaces, or on a specimen assembled for test purposes in accord
29、ance with EN 12229. If a test specimen is to be used, prepare this from a representative sample of the sports surface, in combination with the supporting layers to be used with the surface in service. Assemble the surface and supporting layers in accordance with the method recommended by the manufac
30、turer. For determination of ball rolling distance, prepare the test specimen of minimum width 1,5 m and of sufficient length to ensure that the ball comes to rest not less than 250 mm from the far end of the test piece. For determination of velocity change, prepare the test specimen of minimum width
31、 1 m and minimum length 2 m. 6 Conditioning Condition the specimens for a minimum of 3 h at the test temperature, except when the material is known to be very sensitive to humidity, in which case condition them for a minimum of 88 h at a relative humidity of (50 5) % at the test temperature. Unless
32、otherwise specified, condition and test the specimen at a temperature of (23 2) C. For tests on site, condition the ball for a minimum of 1 h at the prevailing ambient temperature and humidity. 7 Procedure 7.1 Ball rolling procedure For tests being conducted on site, determine the wind speed at the
33、test site (4.7). If the wind speed at the test site exceeds 3,2 km/h, do not proceed with the determination. Set the ball roll ramp (4.2) with the aid of the bubble level (4.3) and alignment device (4.4) vertically upon the test surface or specimen, with the correct ramp inclination, curvature and d
34、istance between the parallel bars for the type of ball, as given in Figures 1 and 2. Place the ramp at a height so that the vertical distance between the base of the ball and the point where it first makes contact with the surface is (1 000 5) mm. Release the ball and allow it to roll until it comes
35、 to rest. Measure the distance from the point at which the ball first touched the surface to the point below the centre of the ball at which it is resting on the surface. If the ball travels within 100 mm of an edge of the test surface or specimen, disregard the result and repeat the procedure. Repe
36、at the procedure to obtain five readings of ball roll distance. Move the ramp slightly between each procedure to avoid tracking. If the surface has any form of direction variation, for example the lay of the pile in synthetic turf, or is laid with a slope for drainage, repeat the test to obtain two
37、sets of readings in the directions giving maximum and minimum values of ball roll. NOTEIt might be necessary to determine these directions by trial. For test specimens, this can entail the preparation of specimens with the long axis, perpendicular to and parallel to the manufacturing direction. Lice
38、nsed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 14:40:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12234:2002 (E) 7 7.2 Velocity change For tests being conducted on site, determine the wind speed at the test site (4.7). If the wind speed at the test site exceeds 3,2 km/h, do not proceed with
39、the determination. Place the timing gates (4.6) on the test surface or specimen, so that the ball is able to pass between them, with a distance between the gates of (1 000 5) mm. Place the ball on the ramp at a suitable height and release the ball so that it rolls through the two timing gates in tur
40、n. Record the time taken for the ball to pass through each gate, the velocity at the first gate being initial velocity and the velocity at the second gate final velocity. Repeat the test to obtain at least five readings of initial and final velocity, each time varying slightly the height of the ramp
41、 from which the ball is released to vary the initial velocity within a range of 2,5 m/s. Move the ramp slightly between each procedure to avoid tracking. If the surface has any form of direction variation, for example the lay of the pile in synthetic turf, or is laid with a slope for drainage, repea
42、t the test to obtain two sets of readings in the directions giving maximum and minimum values of velocity change. NOTEIt might be necessary to determine these directions by trial. For test specimens, this can entail the preparation of specimens with the long axis, perpendicular to and parallel to th
43、e manufacturing direction. 7.3 Determinations under wet conditions If required, wet conditions shall be produced by applying 50 l/m2 of water to the test area. After allowing the test area to drain for 30 min, a further 5 l/m2 of water shall be applied to the test area and the determination shall be
44、 carried out within 5 min. 8 Calculation and expression of results 8.1 Ball rolling distance Calculate the median of the five values obtained, in metres, for each direction of test. Report the median value(s) as the ball rolling distance(s). For tests carried out on surfaces for bowls, calculate the
45、 green speed, GS, in seconds, from the following equation. D36, 001, 6GS+= where Dis the median ball roll distance, in metres. 8.2 Velocity change From the distance between sensors in each timing gate (4.6) and the times recorded when the ball passes through them, calculate the initial and final vel
46、ocities of the ball for each direction of test. Plot the measured values of velocity change against the initial velocities separately for each direction of test. From the resulting graph(s), interpolate to obtain the velocity change at an initial velocity of 2,5 m/s. Report the results as velocity c
47、hange per metre, where one metre is the distance between the timing gates, for each direction of test. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 14:40:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12234:2002 (E) 8 9 Test report The test report shall include the following information:
48、 a) the number of this European Standard, i.e. EN 12234; b) complete description of the surface tested, including the manufacturers reference, type of supporting layers and method of attachment; c) the conditions under which the test was carried out, i.e. laboratory conditions and details of conditi
49、oning, or on site, in ambient conditions; d) the temperature and relative humidity at which the test was carried out; e) the condition of the surface at the time of test, i.e. wet or dry, and a brief description of any wetting procedure to which the surface has been subjected; f) details of any directional variation of the surface; g) a description of the type of ball used in the test; h) for each direction tested, either the median ball rolling distance or the green speed