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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13545:2002 Pallet superstructures Pallet collars Test methods and performance requirements The European Standard EN 13545:2002 has the status of a British Standard ICS 55.180.20 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Licensed Copy: sheffieldun s
2、heffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 11:17:12 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 13545:2002 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Consumer Products and Services Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and St
3、rategy Committee on 10 May 2002 BSI 10 May 2002 ISBN 0 580 39690 8 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 13545:2002. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee PKW/5, Primary and transport packaging, to Subcommittee P
4、KW/5/34, Pallets, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI
5、Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsi
6、ble for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests
7、 informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 21 and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the doc
8、ument was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 11:17:12 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13545 April 2002 ICS 55.180.20 English version Pallet super
9、structures - Pallet collars - Test methods and performance requirements Superstructures pour palettes - Rehausses pour palettes - Mthodes dessai et exigences de performance Palettenaufbauten - Palettenaufsetzrahmen - Prfverfahren und Leistungsanforderungen This European Standard was approved by CEN
10、on 30 December 2001. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards
11、 may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Ma
12、nagement Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United
13、 Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2002 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13545:2002 E
14、Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 11:17:12 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13545:2002 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1Scope.5 2Normative references 5 3Conditioning.5 4Apparatus .5 5Procedure .5 6Testing 6 6.1General6 6.2Bending stiffness and strength
15、6 6.3Tensile testing of hinge and rivet joint (not applicable to pallet collars with rigid corner bars)9 6.4Shear loading of supporting lips9 6.5Load testing of stacked pallet collars11 7Test report 17 8Designation.17 9Marking .18 Annex A (informative) Common pallet collar dimensions - Examples of p
16、allet collar designs.19 Annex B (normative) Plywood - Material requirements21 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 11:17:12 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13545:2002 (E) 3 Foreword This document EN 13545:2002 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 261 “Packa
17、ging“, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2002, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2002.
18、 Annex A is informative. Annex B is normative. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Irela
19、nd, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 11:17:12 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13545:2002 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard is intended for new and m
20、ainly reusable pallet collars, with a common standard height of 200 mm and 400 mm. This European Standard is based on existing national standards for general purpose pallet collars made of timber and primarily valid for such collars. Following requirements by users, a new category for lighter loads
21、has been introduced - Light duty pallet collars. These are required to pass a lower test requirement than the general purpose pallet collars. A large amount of knowledge exists from a long experience in the use of pallet collars. Where product standards exist, it may not be necessary to have verific
22、ation of performance by testing. Annex A shows commonly used dimensions for reusable general purpose pallet collars. Annex B shows the suitable plywood quality for pallet collars. For pallet collars in other materials, strength requirements according to this standard can be used but it should be pre
23、supposed that such constructions can require special testing or conditioning. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 11:17:12 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13545:2002 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies test methods and performance requirements for reusable
24、 wooden and woodbased pallet collars. There are two categories of construction: i) - class 1: general purpose pallet collars; ii) - class 2: light duty pallet collars. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
25、normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated
26、 references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 314-2, Plywood Bonding quality Part 2: Requirements. ISO 3130, Wood Determination of moisture content for physical and mechanical tests. prEN 13183-1, Round and sawn timber Method of measurement of moist
27、ure content Part 1: Method for determining moisture content of a piece of sawn timber (Oven-dry method). prEN 13183-2, Round and sawn timber Method of measurement of moisture content Part 2: Method for determining moisture content of a piece of sawn timber (Electrical method). 3 Conditioning 3.1At m
28、anufacturing and testing of wooden pallet collars the moisture content shall be 14 % - 20 % of the weight of the timber in the anhydrous state. In connection with the test, the moisture content of the timber shall be determined before and after the test. 3.2The testing shall be carried out at a temp
29、erature of 20 C 5 C. The pallet collars and the pallets shall be kept in the test atmosphere for at least 48 h before testing. 4 Apparatus 4.1Testing machine capable of applying load in vertical and/or horizontal direction and with a measuring accuracy of 3 %. 4.2The accuracy of positioning of compo
30、nents shall be within 2 mm. 4.3Devices to have the pallets secured for test 6.3 and 6.5. 4.4Instrument for measuring deformation with an accuracy of 0,2 mm. 4.5Determination of moisture content in accordance with ISO 3130, prEN 13183-1 and prEN 13183-2. 5 Procedure 5.1Carry out the tests either at a
31、 constant rate of loading of (2 0,2) kN/min, or constant speed of the testing machine loading head of (30 5) mm/min. 5.2In connection with the tests, the moisture content of the timber shall be recorded. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 11:17:12 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Cop
32、y, (c) BSI EN 13545:2002 (E) 6 5.3The pallet collars tested shall be discarded after every test. 6 Testing 6.1 General Tests shall be conducted as follows: 1. bending stiffness and strength; 2. tensile testing of hinge and rivet joint (not applicable to pallet collars with rigid corner bars); 3. she
33、ar loading of supporting lips; 4. load testing of stacked pallet collars. 6.2 Bending stiffness and strength 6.2.1 Test selection Bending stiffness and strength tests shall be performed on the appropriate type of pallet collar: 1. rigid side pallet collars; 2. folding hinged pallet collars. 6.2.2 Te
34、st 1a Bending stiffness and strength Rigid side pallet collars Three tests shall be performed with test pieces taken from different collar sides. 6.2.3 Apparatus Test arrangement according to Figure 1a 6.2.4 Testing procedure A piece of a collar side about 600 mm long is placed flat and horizontal o
35、n supports movable in the long side direction of the test piece. With the supports parallel two forces acting across the whole width of the test piece are applied against the test piece. The force is transferred to the test piece by the half round steel profiles of 20 mm diameter. The plane surface
36、shall be turned against the test piece. The half round steel profiles shall be symmetrically placed with a relative position to each other of 150 mm. The force is increased continuously to: for sides of 200 mmGeneral purpose pallet collars3,22 kN Light duty pallet collars1,61 kN for sides of 400 mmG
37、eneral purpose pallet collars6,44 kN Light duty pallet collars3,22 kN At this force the bend at the middle of the test piece is measured. The force is then increased until the test piece breaks. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 11:17:12 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BS
38、I EN 13545:2002 (E) 7 Dimensions in millimetres 150 500 20 F 1 23 4 Key F = Force 1Movable bearing2Test piece 3Load distribution plate4Half round steel Figure 1a Testing of bending stiffness and strength Rigid side 6.2.5 Performances requirements For general purpose collars at a force of 3,22 kN res
39、pectively 6,44 kN the deflection at the centre shall not be more than 8 mm. For light duty collars the deflection at the centre shall not be more than 8 mm at a force of 1,61 kN respectively 3,22 kN. The breaking strength shall be for: General purpose pallet collarsminimum 6,44 kNrespectively 12,88
40、kN Light duty pallet collarsminimum 3,22 kNrespectively 6,44 kN 6.2.6 Test 1b - Bending stiffness and strength test Collar side with folding hinge Three tests shall be performed with test pieces taken from different collar sides. 6.2.7 Apparatus Test arrangements according to Figure 1b. 6.2.8 Testin
41、g procedure A piece of a collar side, about 600 mm long, is placed flat and horizontal with the hinge down on supports movable in the long side direction of the test piece. With the supports parallel two forces acting across the whole width of the test piece are applied against the test piece. The f
42、orce is transferred to the test piece by the half round steel profiles of 20 mm diameter. The plane surface shall be symmetrically placed at a relative distance of 150 mm whatever is the most suitable for the design of the hinges. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 11:17:12 GMT+0
43、0:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13545:2002 (E) 8 The force is increased continuously to: for sides of 200 mmGeneral purpose pallet collars3,22 kN Light duty pallet collars1,61 kN for sides of 400 mmGeneral purpose pallet collars6,44 kN Light duty pallet Collars3,22 kN At this force the defl
44、ection at the centre of the test piece is measured. The force is then increased until the test piece breaks. Dimensions in millimetres 150 500 20 F 1 23 4 X X Key F = Force 1Movable bearing2Test piece 3Load distribution plate4Half round steel Figure 1b Testing of bending stiffness and strength Colla
45、r side with folding hinge 6.2.9 Performance requirements For general purpose collars at a force of 3,22 kN respectively 6,44 kN the deflection at the centre shall not be more than 8 mm. For light duty collars the deflection at the centre shall not be more than 8 mm at a force of 1,61 kN respectively
46、 3,22 kN. The breaking strength shall be for: General purpose pallet collarsminimum 6,44 kNrespectively 12,88 kN Light duty pallet collarsminimum 3,22 kNrespectively 6,44 kN Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 11:17:12 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13545:2002 (E) 9
47、 6.3 Tensile testing of hinge and rivet joint (not applicable to pallet collars with rigid corner bars) 6.3.1 Test 2 Tensile testing of hinge and rivet joint (not applicable to pallet collars with rigid corner bars) Three hinges shall be tested. 6.3.2 Apparatus Test arrangement according to Figure 2
48、. The pieces of pallet collar shall at testing be torsion proof fastened at a minimum length of 100 mm, at distance of 150 mm from the hinge pin. Dimensions in millimetres 150100 Figure 2 Tensile testing of hinge and rivet joint 6.3.3 Testing procedure Two adjacent collar sides are cut off 250 mm to
49、 300 mm from hinge in between via the rigid steel girder. The corner is folded out in such a way that the collar sides are in one plane. The hinge is loaded with tensile forces acting in the centre lines of the collar sides. 6.3.4 Performance requirements The hinge tested according to 6.2.3 shall resist a force of 2 kN for 200 mm and 4 kN for 400 mm general purpose pallet collar and 1 kN respectively 2 kN for light duty pallet collars. The residual deformations of the assembly shall not exceed 2 mm (1,0 mm per hinge flange). The