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1、BS EN 15446:2008 ICS 13.040.40 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BRITISH STANDARD Fugitive and diffuse emissions of common concern to industry sectors Measurement of fugitive emission of vapours generating from equipment and piping leaks Licensed Copy: London Sou
2、th Bank University, South Bank University, 31/01/2009 03:09, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 2008 BSI 2008 ISBN 978 0 580 56280 8 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication DateComments BS EN
3、15446:2008 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 15446:2008. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/2/1, Stationary source emission. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secre
4、tary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. September Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank Univer
5、sity, 31/01/2009 03:09, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 15446:2008 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15446 January 2008 ICS 13.040.40 English Version Fugitive and diffuse emissions of common concern to industry sectors - Measurement of fugitive emission of vapours generating from
6、 equipment and piping leaks Emissions fugitives et diffuses concernant les secteurs industriels - Mesurage des missions fugitives de composs gazeux provenant dquipements et de canalisations Fugitive und diffuse Emissionen von allgemeinem Interesse fr Industriebereiche - Messung fugitiver Emissionen
7、von Gasen und Dmpfen aus Lecks von Betriebseinrichtungen und Rohrleitungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 November 2007. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a nation
8、al standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in an
9、y other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Es
10、tonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EU
11、ROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15446:2008: E Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 31/01/2009 03
12、:09, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 15446:2008 EN 15446:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction.4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Measurement equipment 6 5 Chemicals / Calibration gases7 6 Procedures.8 7 Precision.11 8 Report .12 Annex A (normative) Evaluatio
13、n procedure of instrument performance parameters13 Annex B (normative) Calculation of response factor for mixtures.14 Annex C (normative) Correlation between screening values and emission rates15 Bibliography17 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 31/01/2009 03:09, Unc
14、ontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 15446:2008 EN 15446:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15446:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publicati
15、on of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2008. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not
16、be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This European Standard has been elaborated under a mandate of the European Commission/DG Enterprise to support essential requirements of the IPPC Directive (96/61/EC). The horizontal approach of common concern to industrial sectors i
17、s to gather industries concerned with diffuse/fugitive emissions and to develop methods suiting their needs. The industries of three trade associations have participated: EUROFER, EUROMETAUX and CEFIC. For practical reasons the two developed measurement methods, one for dusts and the other for gases
18、 are published as two separate standards. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,
19、Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 31/01/2009 03:09, Uncontrolled Co
20、py, (c) BSI BS EN 15446:2008 EN 15446:2008 (E) 4 Introduction A portable instrument is used to detect VOC leaks from individual sources. Any detector type is allowed, provided it meets the specifications and performance criteria contained in Clause 5. This procedure is intended to locate the leaks,
21、and to estimate the mass emission rate from individual sources and the total emission of the industrial facility over a reporting period by using: EPA or user-defined correlations whenever possible; fixed emission factors, in all other cases. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank U
22、niversity, 31/01/2009 03:09, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 15446:2008 EN 15446:2008 (E) 5 1 Scope This standard applies to the measurement of fugitive emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from process equipment. The leak sources include, but are not limited to, valves, flanges and other
23、 connections, pressure relief devices, process drains, open-ended valves, pump and compressor seal systems, agitator seals, and access door seals. It does not apply to instrument tubing connections. This standard applies to all products of which at least 20 % by weight has a vapour pressure higher t
24、han 0,3 kPa at 20 C. For the petroleum industry, this includes all light products and excludes kerosene and all heavier products. The standard is based on the measurement of the gas concentration at the interface of a leak. This concentration is measured with a portable instrument. It is converted t
25、o a mass emission rate by use of a set of correlations. The scope of this standard includes the complete data processing, from the initial concentration measurement up to the generation of an emission report over a reporting period (which is generally one year)1). This standard does not prescribe th
26、e number of potential emission points that should be screened each year nor the frequency at which these points should be screened. This sampling strategy shall indeed take into account the plant characteristics and the required level of control over fugitive emissions. Optical methods are currently
27、 under development to ease the detection of leaks in plants and use of this standard in conjunction with these methods might be possible. In any case, measurements have to be performed according to the requirements of this standard. To enable direct quantification of total fugitive emissions based o
28、nly on these methods, a subsequent revision of this standard will be needed. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the refer
29、enced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 5725-2, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results - Part 2: Basic method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method (ISO 5725-2:1994 including Technical Corrigendum 1:20
30、02) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 fugitive emission emission to the atmosphere caused by loss of tightness of an item which is designed to be tight 3.2 screening action of measuring the concentration in VOC at the interface
31、of a potential leak source 3.3 screening Value local VOC concentration at the surface of a leak source that indicates a VOC emission is present 1) The standard aims at significantly improving the consistency of emissions reporting, however determination of the trueness of the method is not in the cu
32、rrent scope of the TWG. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 31/01/2009 03:09, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 15446:2008 EN 15446:2008 (E) 6 NOTE The value is an instrument reading based on a reference compound. These values are indicated in ppm(v/v) (abbreviated as
33、ppm in the remainder of the text). 3.4 threshold concentration pre-set performance target for the individual sources 3.5 reference compound VOC substance selected to express the screening value concentration 3.6 calibration gas VOC substance used to adjust the instrument meter reading to a known val
34、ue NOTE The calibration gas is usually the reference compound at a predefined concentration. 3.7 response factor ratio between the actual concentration of VOC present at the location where a screening measurement is made and the observed meter reading NOTE This ratio represents the correction that s
35、hall be applied to the meter reading to take into account that the meter has been calibrated with a calibration gas that can be different from the substance or mix of substances present in a leak. 3.8 calibration precision degree of agreement between several measurements of calibration gas with the
36、same known concentration NOTE It is the ratio of the average absolute value of the difference between the meter readings and the known concentration to the known concentration, expressed in percent. 3.9 response time time interval from a step change in VOC concentration at the input of the sampling
37、system to the time at which 90 % of the corresponding final value is reached as displayed on the instrument readout meter 4 Measurement equipment 4.1 Specifications of equipment 1) VOC instrument detector shall respond to the compounds being screened. Detector types that may meet this requirement in
38、clude, but are not limited to, catalytic oxidation, flame ionisation, infrared absorption, and photo ionisation. 2) Maximum admissible lower detection limit of the detector provided by the manufacturer shall be 10 ppm. 3) Scale resolution of the instrument meter shall be 5 % of the threshold concent
39、ration. 4) Instrument shall be equipped with a pump so that a continuous sample is provided to the detector. The nominal sample flow rate shall be 0,2 l/min2) to 1,2 l/min2). 5) Instrument shall be intrinsically safe for operation in explosive atmospheres. 6) Instrument shall be equipped with a prob
40、e or probe extension for sampling with a maximum outside diameter of 6,4 mm, with a single end opening for admission of the sample. 2) Based on available equipment. Actual range is 0,25 to 1,0 l/min. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 31/01/2009 03:09, Uncontrolled C
41、opy, (c) BSI BS EN 15446:2008 EN 15446:2008 (E) 7 7) Instruments used for quantification of fugitive emissions shall have a minimum measurement range up to 50 000 ppm. NOTE In case a survey is performed solely to detect leaks or verify repair quality and is not intended to be used for emission quant
42、ification purposes, these requirements do not apply. 4.2 Performance criteria 1) Instrument response factors for the individual compounds to be measured shall be less than 10. 2) Instrument response time shall be equal to or less than 5 s. The response time shall be determined for the instrument con
43、figuration to be used during screening. 3) Calibration precision shall be lower or equal to 10 % of the calibration gas value. 4) Evaluation procedure for each of these parameters is given in Annex A. 4.3 Performance evaluation requirements 1) Response factors shall be determined according to the re
44、quirements set in 6.4. In case these need to be used, the determination of the response factors should take place before actual measurements are performed. 2) Calibration precision test shall be completed prior to placing the analyser into service, and at subsequent 3 month intervals or at the next
45、use, whichever is later. 3) Response time test is required before placing a new instrument into service for the first time. If a modification to the sample pumping system or flow configuration is made that would change the response time, a new test is required before further use. 5 Chemicals / Calib
46、ration gases 1) Monitoring instrument is calibrated in parts per million by volume ppm(v/v) of the reference compound specified in the applicable regulation when possible, or with another calibration gas. 2) Gases required for monitoring and instrument performance evaluation are: zero gas (air, less
47、 than 10 ppm VOC); mixture of calibration gas in air with a concentration approximately equal to the threshold concentration specified in the regulation (two different concentrations are used, usually 1 000 ppm and 10 000 ppm). 3) If cylinder calibration gas mixtures are used, the concentration in c
48、alibration gas shall be analysed and certified by the manufacturer to be within 2 % accuracy, and a shelf life should be certified. Cylinder standards shall be either reanalysed or replaced at the end of the specified shelf life. Alternatively, calibration gases may be prepared by the user according
49、 to any documented gas preparation procedure that will yield a mixture accurate to within + or - 2 %. Prepared standards will be replaced each day of use unless it can be demonstrated that no degradation occurs during storage. 4) Calibration may be performed using a compound other than the reference compound provided a conversion factor is determined for that alternative compound in order to convert the resulting meter readings during emission surveys to reference compound measurements. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank Univer