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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13673-1:2003 Determination of the maximum explosion pressure and the maximum rate of pressure rise of gases and vapours Part 1: Determination of the maximum explosion pressure The European Standard EN 13673-1:2003 has the status of a British Standard ICS 13.230; 75.160.30 ? Li
2、censed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 09:25:40 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 13673-1:2003 This British Standard, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 8 September 2003 BSI 8 September 2003 ISBN 0 580 42585 1 National for
3、eword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 13673-1:2003. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee FSH/23, Fire precautions in industrial and chemical plant, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on thi
4、s committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using
5、 the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity fro
6、m legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the
7、UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 23 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Co
8、py: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 09:25:40 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13673-1 April 2003 ICS 13.230; 75.160.30 English version Determination of the maximum explosion pressure and the maximum rate of pressure rise of gases
9、 and vapours - Part 1: Determination of the maximum explosion pressure Dtermination de la pression maximale dexplosion et de la vitesse maximale de monte en pression des gaz et vapeurs - Partie 1: Dtermination de la pression maximale dexplosion Verfahren zur Bestimmung des maximalen Explosionsdrucke
10、s und des maximalen zeitlichen Druckanstieges fr Gase und Dmpfe - Teil 1: Bestimmungsverfahren fr den maximalen Explosionsdruck This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 January 2003. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for g
11、iving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official vers
12、ions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cz
13、ech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG M
14、anagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2003 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13673-1:2003 E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 09:25:40 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN
15、13673-1:2003 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword3 Introduction.4 1Scope 5 2Terms and definitions5 3Test method5 3.1Principle5 3.2Apparatus .5 3.2.1Test vessel6 3.2.2Equipment for preparing the test mixture.6 3.2.3Ignition system.6 3.2.4Pressure measuring system.7 3.2.5Temperature measuring device8 3.2.6Saf
16、ety aspects8 3.3Preparation and preservation of test samples8 3.4Procedure .9 3.4.1Preparation of the test mixture.9 3.4.2Determination of the explosion pressure Pex and the maximum explosion pressure Pmax9 3.5Expression of results 11 3.6Test report 12 Annex A (normative) Verification.14 Annex B (in
17、formative) Conversion of the values for the flammable substance content.15 B.1Abbreviations and symbols15 B.2Substances characteristics of air.16 B.3Definitions.16 B.4Preparation of the test mixture.16 B.5Conversion .17 Annex C (informative) Example of an evaporator equipment for liquid flammable su
18、bstances 19 Annex D (informative) Example for test report form21 Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or other provisions of EU Directives23 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 09:25:40 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BS
19、I EN 13673-1:2003 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13673-1:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN /TC 305, “Potentially explosive atmospheres - Explosion prevention and protection“, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national st
20、andard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2003. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trad
21、e Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA which is an integral part of this document. Annexes B, C and D are informative. Annex A is normative. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national
22、 standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
23、 the United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 09:25:40 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13673-1:2003 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard describes a test method for the determination of the explosion pressure and the maximum explosion pressure of a fl
24、ammable gas/air/inert mixture at ambient temperature and pressure. Explosion pressures and maximum explosion pressures are used in the design of explosion protection techniques, such as explosion resistant and explosion shock resistant construction. These are particularly influenced by : size and sh
25、ape of the vessel; type and energy of the ignition source; temperature and pressure. So it is important that they are measured at standardised conditions. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 09:25:40 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13673-1:2003 (E) 5 1 Scope The stan
26、dard test method is designed to produce measurement of the explosion pressure and the maximum explosion pressure of a quiescent flammable gas/air/ inert mixture in an empty closed volume at ambient temperature and pressure. In this European Standard the term “gas” includes vapours, but not mists. Th
27、is European Standard does not consider mixtures that contain an increased content of oxygen; or mixtures that will react spontaneously at ambient temperature and pressure. Detonation and decomposition phenomena are not considered in this European Standard. The pressures measured by the procedures sp
28、ecified in this European Standard are not applicable to flameproof enclosures, that is enclosures intended to withstand an internal explosion and not to transmit it to an external explosive atmosphere, or any other closed volume where the internal geometry can result in pressure piling. Even in an e
29、nclosure of relatively simple geometry the disposition of the internal components can lead to explosion pressures significantly higher than those measured using this European Standard. Flameproof enclosures should be constructed and tested in accordance with the requirements contained in EN 50018 fo
30、r electrical equipment and prEN 13463-3 for non-electrical equipment. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 explosion pressure, Pex highest pressure occurring in a closed vessel during the explosion of a specific mixture of
31、 flammable gases with air or air and inert gases determined under specified test conditions 2.2 maximum explosion pressure, Pmax maximum value measured in the tests for explosion pressure when the content of the flammable gas in the mixture is varied NOTEFor the purpose of this European Standard, al
32、l pressures are expressed in bar absolute. 3 Test method 3.1 Principle An explosive test mixture is ignited by a defined ignition source which is positioned in the centre of a test vessel. By means of a pressure measuring system, the highest pressure Pex developed following the ignition of the test
33、mixture is measured. The maximum explosion pressure Pmax is determined during measurements of the explosion pressure Pex by varying stepwise the content of flammable gas in the mixture, until the maximum value of Pex is found. 3.2 Apparatus 3.2.1 General The test apparatus consists of : a test vesse
34、l; equipment for preparing the test mixture; an ignition system; a pressure measuring system; Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 09:25:40 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13673-1:2003 (E) 6 a temperature measuring device; safety equipment. 3.2.2 Test vessel The test
35、vessel shall be spherical or cylindrical. The internal volume of the test vessel shall be equal to or greater than 0,005 m3. If a cylindrical vessel is used, the length to diameter ratio shall be equal to 1. The test vessel and any equipment (valves, igniter, transducer,.) fitted on the vessel shall
36、 be designed to withstand a maximum pressure of at least 20 bar. The vessel shall be made of stainless steel or any material free of any catalytic effects and resistant to corrosion from the initial gas mixture and the products of combustion. The test vessel shall be fitted with sufficient ports to
37、allow filling, evacuating and purging. 3.2.3 Equipment for preparing the test mixture The test mixture can be prepared by a partial pressure method or mixing together flows of the component substances. This can be done in the test vessel or outside. If the test mixture is prepared by a partial press
38、ure method, the vessel used for the preparation of the mixture shall be fitted with : a vacuum pump and a vacuum gauge; pressure gauges or manometers; a means of achieving a uniform test mixture (e.g. a stirrer). If the test mixture is prepared by mixing flows, the necessary components are : flow me
39、ters (mass or volume flow meters); a means of achieving a uniform test mixture (e.g. mixing chamber); an evaporator if liquid samples are used (see annex C for an example). The equipment for preparing the test mixture has to be designed in such a way that the flammable gas content in the test mixtur
40、e is measured with a maximum uncertainty of measurement of 10 % relative for a flammable gas content up to 2 % mol or 0,2 % absolute for a flammable gas content above 2 % mol. 3.2.4 Ignition system 3.2.4.1 General The igniter shall be positioned in the centre of the test vessel. Recommended ignition
41、 systems are the induction spark and the fusing wire. The test report shall state which ignition source was used. For some special mixtures it may be necessary to use a different ignition system in order to achieve ignition of the mixture. If an alternative ignition source is used it shall be fully
42、described in the test report. It is also recommended that specialist advice is sought on the interpretation of the results. 3.2.4.2 Induction spark A series of induction sparks between two electrodes is used as the ignition source. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Oct 29 09:25:40 GMT+
43、00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13673-1:2003 (E) 7 Stainless steel is a suitable material for the electrodes. The electrodes shall be positioned at the centre of the vessel. They shall be pointed rods with a maximum diameter of 4 mm. The angle of the tips shall be 60. The distance between
44、the tips shall be (5 0,1) mm. The electrodes shall be mounted in the vessel so they are gas tight at the highest pressures generated during the test. The mounting shall be resistant to heat and the test mixture, and provide adequate electrical resistance from the test vessel body. A high voltage tra
45、nsformer, with a root mean square of 13 kV to 16 kV and a short circuit current of 20 mA to 30 mA, shall be used for producing the ignition spark. The primary winding of the high voltage transformer shall be connected to the mains via a timer set to the required discharge time. The spark discharge t
46、ime shall be adjusted to 0,2 s. If a spark discharge time of 0,2 s does not result in ignition of the test mixture, the test may be repeated with a spark discharge time of up to 0,5 s. NOTE The power of the spark depends on the gas mixture and its pressure. In air at atmospheric conditions according
47、 to calorimetric and electric measurements such a source gives a spark with a power of approximately 10 W. 3.2.4.3 Fusing wire NOTE 1This ignition device generates an electric arc by passing an electrical current along a length of straight fusing wire connected between two metal rods. NOTE 2The elec
48、trical power for melting the wire and generating the arc is supplied from an isolating transformer. The ignition energy delivered by the arc depends on the duration of the arc and the power rating of the isolating transformer. The energy delivered shall be in the range 10 J to 20 J, as over this ran
49、ge of energies there is no significant effect on the explosion pressure. This is achieved by limiting the power rating of the isolating transformer to between 0,7 kVA and 3,5 kVA and by the use of a phase control technique. The latter is a chopping technique that allows only part of the AC waveform from the transformer secondary windings to energise the wire. Brass or stainless steel are suitable materials for the rods. The rods shall be parallel to