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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 247 : 1997 The Euro
2、pean Standard EN 247 : 1997 has the status of a British Standard ICS 01.040.27; 27.060.30 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Heat exchangers Terminology Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 01 00:54:19 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS E
3、N 247 : 1997 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 September 1997 BSI 1997 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee refer
4、ence RHE/30 Draft for comment ENV 247 ISBN 0 580 27974 X Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateText affected Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee RHE/30, Heat exchangers, upon which the following bodi
5、es were represented: British Refrigeration Association Building Services Research and Information Association Federation of Environmental Trade Association HEVAC Association Waterheater Manufacturers Association Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 01 00:54:19 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontro
6、lled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 247 : 1997 BSI 1997i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover National forewordii Foreword2 Text of EN 2473 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 01 00:54:19 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ii BSI 1997 BS EN 247 : 1997 National foreword
7、 This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee RHE/30, and is the English language version of EN 247 : 1997 Heat exchangers Terminology, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal ob
8、ligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 14, an inside back cover and a back cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 01 00:54:19 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI CEN European C
9、ommittee for Standardization Comite Europe en de Normalisation Europa isches Komitee fu r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1997 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref. No. EN 247 : 1997 E EUROPEAN STANDARDEN 247 NORME EUROPE ENNE EUROPA ISCHE NORM February 1997 ICS 01.
10、040.27; 27.060.30Supersedes ENV 247 : 1990 Descriptors: Heat transfer, heat exchangers, vocabulary English version Heat exchangers Terminology Echangeurs thermiques Terminologie Wa rmeaustauscher Terminolgie This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1997-01-10. CEN members are bound to comply wi
11、th the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretar
12、iat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
13、 versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 01 00:54:19
14、GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 2 EN 247 : 1997 BSI 1997 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC110, Heat exchangers, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by pu
15、blication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 1997, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 1997. The document was implemented previously as a European Prestandard (ENV) in 1990 and no technical changes have been made. According to th
16、e CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerla
17、nd and the United Kingdom Contents Page Foreword2 Introduction4 1Scope4 2Definitions4 2.1Parallel-flow arrangement4 2.2Counterflow arrangement4 2.3Pure crossflow5 2.4Antimethodic overall-flow arrangement5 2.5Methodic overall-flow arrangement5 2.6Two-phase fluid5 2.7Single-phase fluid5 2.8Fluidized b
18、ed5 2.9Method of heat transfer5 2.10Number of passages (passes)5 2.11Tube sheet5 2.12General arrangement of heat transfer5 2.13Steady or permanent thermal conditions5 2.14Cyclic thermal conditions5 3Terminology 2 Main criteria5 3.1Physical criteria5 3.1.1General arrangement of heat transfer5 3.1.2Me
19、thod of heat transfer5 Page 3.1.3Arrangement of fluid flow5 3.1.4Thermal conditions of the heat transfer surface5 3.1.5Number and type of fluids5 3.2Design criteria5 3.2.1Type of design5 3.2.2Heat transfer5 3.2.3Methods to facilitate expansion5 3.2.4Material of heat transfer wall5 3.2.5Constructive
20、solutions related to cleaning5 3.2.6Cleaning possibilities5 4Detailed terminology6 4.1General arrangement of heat transfer6 4.1.1With direct transfer6 4.1.2With accumulation6 4.1.3In fluidized bed6 4.1.4With cooling6 4.1.5With intermediate medium (with natural or forced circulation)6 4.2Method of he
21、at transfer6 4.2.1Single-phase media in all circuits6 4.2.2Single-phase media versus two-phase media in related circuits6 4.2.3Two-phase media in all circuits6 4.3Diagram of fluid flow6 4.3.1Single pass6 4.3.2Multiple passes6 4.4Thermal conditions of heat transfer surface6 4.4.1Steady6 4.4.2Cyclic6
22、4.5Number of fluids (media)6 4.5.1Two fluids (media)6 4.5.2Three fluids (media)6 4.5.3N fluids (media)6 4.6Design type6 4.6.1Shell and tube heat exchangers6 4.6.2Plate heat exchangers6 4.6.3Heat exchangers of stacked blocks or with crossing channels6 4.6.4Matrix heat exchangers6 4.7Heat transfer sur
23、faces and walls7 4.7.1Smooth7 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 01 00:54:19 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 3 EN 247 : 1997 BSI 1997 Page 4.7.2Coated7 4.7.3Fabricated7 4.7.4With built-on elements7 4.7.5With safety wall (double wall)7 4.8Expansion possibilities7 4.8.
24、1Rigid7 4.8.2Elastic7 4.8.3Free7 4.8.4With sealing device7 4.9Materials of heat transfer wall7 4.9.1Metallic7 4.9.2Non-metallic7 4.9.3Special7 4.9.4Composite7 4.10Constructive solutions related to cleaning7 4.10.1Non-dismountable7 4.10.2Dismountable7 4.11Cleaning possibilities7 4.11.1Mechanical mean
25、s7 4.11.2Acoustic means7 4.11.3Chemical means7 Annex A (informative) Main functions of heat exchangers in various technological fields related to this European Standard8 Annex B (informative) Examples for illustration of the terminology in clause 48 Page Figures 1Parallel flow arrangement4 2Counter
26、flow arrangement4 3Pure cross flow5 4Antimethodic overall flow arrangement5 5Methodic overall flow arrangement5 B.1Coil heat exchangers8 B.2Straight, single type8 B.3U-bent, dismountable8 B.4Wound or bent8 B.5Concentric9 B.6With U-tubes9 B.7With fixed tube plates9 B.8With floating head9 B.9With slid
27、ing head and O-ring seals10 B.10With sliding head and caulked seals10 B.11Heat exchangers of bayonet type10 B.12Helical10 B.13Spiral-shaped11 B.14Coil with straight tubes and bends11 B.15Coil with accumulator bends11 B.16Coil with tube sheets and accumulator boxes with plugs11 B.17Coil with tube she
28、ets and accumulator boxes with covers11 B.18Single plates12 B.19Several non-dismountable plates12 B.20Several corrugated, non-dismountable plates12 B.21Dismountable shell-type-lamella heat exchanger12 B.22Plate heat exchanger with seals12 B.23Spiral shaped13 B.24Heat exchanger of stacked blocks or w
29、ith crossing channels13 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 01 00:54:19 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 4 EN 247 : 1997 BSI 1997 Figure 1. Parallel flow arrangement Figure 2. Counter flow arrangement Introduction This European Standard is one of a series of European S
30、tandards dedicated to heat exchangers. Heat exchangers are found in an extremely wide variety of production facilities and applications in all fields of industrial activity. This is the reason why, although a classification of heat exchangers is required, it is impossible to arrive at a classificati
31、on that would take into account all the elements used in actual conditions. An analysis has therefore been carried out with regard to the fundamental criteria for designing and producing heat exchangers and this analysis has been used as a basis for this terminology. The function of the heat exchang
32、er in the system in which it is integrated is an important factor in heat exchanger design and a list is presented in annex A to illustrate a few fundamental functions of heat exchangers in certain technological fields. 1 Scope The scope of this European Standard is to establish heat exchanger termi
33、nology so that consistent terms are used. For the purposes of this European Standard a heat exchanger is a device, the main function of which is to transfer heat between two fluids, with physical separation by a wall. Heat exchange between a fluid and a solid material (in the case of ovens in partic
34、ular) is therefore excluded. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this standard the following definitions apply. 2.1 parallel flow arrangement Arrangement in which fluids flow in parallel, in the same direction (see figure 1). 2.2 counter flow arrangement Arrangement in which fluids flow in parallel, i
35、n opposite directions (see figure 2). Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 01 00:54:19 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 5 EN 247 : 1997 BSI 1997 2.3 pure cross flow Crosswise flow of the fluids (see figure 3). Figure 3. Pure cross flow 2.4 antimethodic overall flow arra
36、ngement Arrangement in which fluids flow on the average, in the same direction (see figure 4). Figure 4. Antimethodic overall flow arrangement 2.5 methodic overall flow arrangement Arrangement in which fluids flow on the average, in opposite directions (see figure 5). Figure 5. Methodic overall flow
37、 arrangement 2.6 two-phase fluid Fluid containing matter both in a liquid phase and a gas phase. 2.7 single-phase fluid Fluid containing matter in only one-phase (liquid or gas). 2.8 fluidized bed Method for increasing heat flow by means of particles in a bed of pulverized material. These particles
38、become highly mobile as a result of a fluid flow passing through the bed at a carefully defined velocity. 2.9 method of heat transfer Criterion used in this terminology based on the heat transfer mechanisms applied in the heat exchanger under consideration. 2.10 number of passages (passes) Number of
39、 times the fluid passes from one side of the heat exchanger to the other. 2.11 tube sheet Sheet in which holes are drilled to accommodate the tubes of a bundle. The tubes are fastened by expansion, welding, soldering or a combination of these procedures. Fastening including a seal or gasket can in s
40、ome cases allow tube dismantling. 2.12 general arrangement of heat transfer Criterion used in this terminology based on the basic phenomena and principles within the heat exchanger under consideration. 2.13 steady or permanent thermal conditions Thermal conditions which are characterized by a distri
41、bution of temperature over the heat transfer surface which is independent of time. 2.14 cyclic thermal conditions Thermal conditions which are characterized by a periodic variation of the temperature of the heat transfer surface with time. 3 Terminology Main criteria 3.1 Physical criteria 3.1.1 gene
42、ral arrangement of heat transfer 3.1.2 method of heat transfer 3.1.3 arrangement of fluid flow 3.1.4 thermal conditions of the heat transfer surface 3.1.5 number and type of fluids 3.2 Design criteria 3.2.1 type of design 3.2.2 heat transfer surfaces 3.2.3 methods to facilitate expansion 3.2.4 mater
43、ial of heat transfer wall 3.2.5 constructive solutions related to cleaning 3.2.6 cleaning possibilities Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 01 00:54:19 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 6 EN 247 : 1997 BSI 1997 1) In this European Standard two-phase is understood as a c
44、hange of state from liquid state to vapour or vice versa (boiling or condensation) 2)Corresponds to a combination of elementary arrangements of fluid flow. 3) The family of straight multi-tube heat exchangers with tube bundles which includes a great number of heat exchanger arrangements has delibera
45、tely not been included in this European Standard. 4 Detailed terminology NOTE. Examples are given in annex B to illustrate the terminology adopted. 4.1 General arrangement of heat transfer 4.1.1 with direct transfer 4.1.2 with accumulation 4.1.3 in fluidized bed 4.1.4 with cooling 4.1.4.1 with evapo
46、ration 4.1.4.2 without evaporation 4.1.5 with intermediate medium (with natural or forced circulation) 4.1.5.1 single-phase 4.1.5.2 two-phase 4.2 Method of heat transfer 4.2.1 Single-phase media in all circuits 4.2.1.1 Heat flow by convection primarily (natural or forced) 4.2.1.2 Heat flow by, prima
47、rily, radiation 4.2.1.3 Heat flow by both convection and radiation 4.2.2 Single-phase media versus two-phase media1)in related circuits 4.2.2.1 Heat flow by convection primarily (natural or forced) 4.2.2.2 Heat flow by, primarily, radiation 4.2.2.3 Heat flow by both convection and radiation 4.2.3 Tw
48、o-phase media in all circuits 4.3 Arrangement of fluid flow 4.3.1 Single pass 4.3.1.1 Counter flow 4.3.1.2 Parallel flow 4.3.1.3 Cross flow 4.3.2 Multiple passes 4.3.2.1 Methodic 4.3.2.2 Antimethodic 4.3.2.3 Complex2) 4.4 Thermal conditions of heat transfer surface 4.4.1 Steady 4.4.2 Cyclic 4.4.2.1
49、matrix 4.4.2.1.1 regeneration 4.4.2.1.2 fixed 4.4.2.1.3 rotative 4.4.2.1.4 accumulation 4.4.2.2 fluid 4.4.2.2.1 single-phase 4.4.2.2.2 two-phase 4.5 Number of fluids (media) 4.5.1 Two fluids (media) 4.5.2 Three fluids (media) 4.6 Design type 4.6.1 Shell and tube heat exchangers 4.6.1.1 coiled pipe 4.6.1.2 tube in tube (double, coaxial tube) 4.6.1.2.1 straight, single type 4.6.1.2.2 U-bent, dismountable 4.6.1.2.3 wound or bent 4.6.1.3 multi-tube 4.6.1.3.1 straight: with tube bundles;3) concentric. 4.6.1.3.2 with wound tube bundles: spiral shaped;