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1、BRITISH STANDARD AEROSPACE SERIES BS EN 2564:1998 Carbon fibre laminates Determination of the fibre, resin and void contents The European Standard EN 2564:1998 has the status of a British Standard ICS 49.025.40 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 01:20:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrol
2、led Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 2564:1998 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 September 1998 BSI 05-1999 ISBN 0 580 30414 0 National foreword This British Standar
3、d is the English language version of EN 2564:1998. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee ACE/64, Aerospace structural reinforced plastics, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European c
4、ommittee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-r
5、eferences The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic C
6、atalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document
7、comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 7 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued s
8、ince publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 01:20:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 2564:1998 BSI 05-1999i Contents Page National forewordInside front cover Foreword2 Text of EN 25643 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri N
9、ov 03 01:20:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ii blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 01:20:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 2564 July 1998 ICS 49.025.40 Descriptors: Aircraft industry, laminates, c
10、arbon fibres, tests, determination of content, fibres, resins, determination, porosity English version Aerospace series Carbon fibre laminates Determination of the fibre, resin and void contents Srie arospatiale Stratifis de fibres de carbone Dtermination de la teneur en fibres, en rsine et du taux
11、de porosit Luff- und Raumfahrt Kohlenstoffaser-Laminate Bestimmung der Faser-, Harz- und Porenanteile This European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 May 1998. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
12、the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, Germ
13、an). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Fi
14、nland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050
15、Brussels 1998 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 2564:1998 E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 01:20:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 2564:1998 BSI 05-1999 2 Foreword This European
16、Standard has been prepared by the European Association of Aerospace Manufacturers (AECMA). After inquiries and votes carried out in accordance with the rules of this Association, this Standard has received the approval of the National Associations and the Official Services of the member countries of
17、 AECMA, prior to its presentation to CEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 1999, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 1999. Accordi
18、ng to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,
19、Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Contents Foreword2 1Scope3 2Normative references3 3Principle3 4Apparatus and reagents3 5Specimens4 6Health, safety and environmental aspects4 7Conditioning and test atmospheres4 8Procedure4 9Expression of results5 10Designation6 11Test report6 Licen
20、sed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 01:20:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 2564:1998 BSI 05-19993 1 Scope This standard, specifies the methods for determining the fibre content by volume and mass and, by correlation, the resin content by volume and mass and void content
21、 by volume, of cured carbon fibre laminates, for aerospace applications. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are li
22、sted hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. ISO 10119, Carbon fibre De
23、termination of density. ISO 1183, Plastics Methods for determining the density and relative density of non-cellular plastics. EN 2743, Aerospace series Reinforced plastics Standard procedures for conditioning prior to testing1). 3 Principle Determination of the difference in mass of specimens before
24、 and after extraction of the resin by sulphuric acid digestion. Two methods are applicable: Method A is the reference method, Method B is a simplified method. 4 Apparatus and reagents 4.1 Balance accurate to 0,1 mg 4.2 Tweezers 4.3 Cutting device, such as a diamond blade saw or any other suitable ap
25、paratus 4.4 250 ml double necked pear-shaped flask equipped with 50 ml dropping funnel, air inlet and a water pump 4.5 Beakers of various capacities, including 400 ml 4.6 20 ml sintered glass crucible (n 2 porosity) and suitable filtration assembly 4.7 Desiccator containing a suitable drying agent (
26、for example silica gel, calcium chloride or phosphorus pentoxide) 4.8 Concentrated sulphuric acid (specific gravity: 1,84 to 1,89) 4.9 Hydrogen peroxide solution (300 g/l to 500 g/l) 4.10 Acetone (propanone) 4.11 Distilled water 4.12 Heat source with suitable temperature control 4.13 Fume cupboard (
27、for method B, see 8.2) 4.14 Thermometer capable of measuring 180 C 4.15 Sand bath (for method B, see 8.2) 4.16 Electric oven capable of maintaining a temperature of (120 5)C 4.17 Protective clothing, including rubber gloves, for handling hydrogen peroxide and sulphuric acid solutions 4.18 Safety scr
28、een 1) Published as AECMA Prestandard at the date of publication of this standard Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 01:20:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 2564:1998 4 BSI 05-1999 5 Specimens 5.1 Shape and dimensions The specimens shall be rectangular, 20 mm 10 mm
29、, thickness 2 mm. Specimens of different dimensions may be used, subject to agreement between the user and manufacturer. 5.2 Number and distribution A minimum of three specimens shall be used. These shall be evenly distributed in the laminate and cut at least 10 mm from its edges. 6 Health, safety a
30、nd environmental aspects This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices a
31、nd determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 7 Conditioning and test atmospheres 7.1 Conditioning The specimens shall be conditioned in the test atmosphere (see 7.2) for a minimum of 2 h, unless otherwise specified. 7.2 Atmosphere for testing EN 2743 B 7.3 Time interval bet
32、ween conditioning and testing After conditioning, the sample shall be maintained in the test atmosphere. Unless otherwise specified, tests shall be carried out within 6 h. 8 Procedure Use protective clothing and rubber gloves for handling hydrogen peroxide and sulphuric acid solutions. The reactions
33、 shall be carried out behind the safety screen for eye protection. 8.1 Method A 8.1.1 Dry the specimens to constant mass in the desiccator, that is until the difference in mass of two successive weightings is less than 2 mg. Record m1. 8.1.2 Determine the density (c) of each specimen in accordance w
34、ith ISO 1183, method A. 8.1.3 Drop the specimen into the double necked, pear-shaped flask and carefully pour 20 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid into the flask. Fit the dropping funnel to one neck and the water pump to the other. 8.1.4 Pour a suitable amount of the hydrogen peroxide solution (e.g.
35、20 ml of 500 g/l concentration or 40 ml of 300 g/l concentration) into the dropping funnel and heat the flask gently to (160 10) C until the acid starts to fume. Discontinue heating of the flask and allow the hydrogen peroxide solution to drip into the acid at a rate of about one drop every 2 s, inc
36、reasing to one drop per second after 5 min. If, after all the hydrogen peroxide solution has been used, the solution is still brown, add further 5 ml portions of hydrogen peroxide at the latter rate and continue heating until the solution becomes and remains clear. 8.1.5 Stop heating. When the neck
37、of the flask is cool enough to handle, ensure the air inlet is open, turn the water pump off, remove the attachments from the flask and cool the flask and contents down to ambient temperature in running water. 8.1.6 Pour the contents of the flask into a 400 ml beaker containing 100 ml of distilled w
38、ater, wash with distilled water any fibres adhering to the flask into this beaker. 8.1.7 Filter the contents of the beaker through the sintered glass crucible, previously dried and weighed (m2), washing the beaker and contents of the crucible with distilled water until washings are free from acid, t
39、hen wash with 10 ml of acetone. 8.1.8 Dry the crucible and contents at 120C for at least 45 min, cool in a desiccator for 20 min and weigh (m3) to 1 mg. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 01:20:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 2564:1998 BSI 05-19995 8.2 Method B T
40、his simplified method may be used in laboratories where a large number of tests are carried out provided that adequate safety precautions are in place. The procedure is carried out in a fume cupboard, using open beakers instead of the pear-shaped flask, the beaker being heated on a sand bath. In thi
41、s case, only 300 g/l hydrogen peroxide solution shall be used. 8.2.1 Dry the specimens to constant mass in the desiccator, that is until the difference in mass of two successive weightings is less than 2 mg. Record m1. 8.2.2 Determine the density (c) of each specimen in accordance with ISO 1183, met
42、hod A. 8.2.3 Place each specimen in a beaker with 20 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid. 8.2.4 Place each beaker on the sand bath at (160 10) C. 8.2.5 When the resin begins to break down, which is shown by a black coloration of the sulphuric acid, add 25 ml of 300 g/l hydrogen peroxide solution very
43、slowly. The solution becomes clear and the fibres rise to the surface. Continue heating until the evolution of gas ceases and white fumes of sulphur trioxide re-appear. If the solution becomes dark again, repeat the operation. 8.2.6 When the solution remains clear, remove the beakers from the sand b
44、ath and allow them to cool down to ambient temperature. 8.2.7 Pour the contents of each beaker into a 400 ml beaker containing 100 ml of distilled water, wash with distilled water any fibres adhering to the first beaker into the second. 8.2.8 Filter the contents of each beaker through a sintered gla
45、ss crucible, previously dried and weighed (m2), washing the beaker and contents of the crucible with distilled water until the washings are free from acid, then wash with 10 ml of acetone. 8.2.9 Dry the crucible and contents at 120 C for at least 45 min, cool in a desiccator for 20 min and weigh (m3
46、) to 1 mg. 9 Expression of results 9.1 Fibre content by mass (Wf) where: 9.2 Fibre content by volume (Vf) where: Wfis the fibre content as a percentage of the initial mass; m1is the initial mass of the specimen, in grammes m2is the mass of the sintered glass crucible, in grammes; m3is the final tota
47、l mass of the sintered glass crucible and the residue after acid digestion, in grammes. Vfis the fibre content as a percentage of the initial volume; Wfis the fibre content as a percentage of the initial mass; cis the specimen density, in grammes per cubic centimetre; fis the fibre density, in gramm
48、es per cubic centimeter, determined to ISO 10119 or given in the suppliers release report. Wf 100 m3m2() m1 - -= VfWf c f -= Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 01:20:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 2564:1998 6 BSI 05-1999 9.3 Resin content by mass (Wr) Wr = 100 W
49、f where: 9.4 Resin content by volume (Vr) where: 9.5 Void content by volume (Vo) where: NOTEThe absolute error in the determination of void content is estimated to be 1 %, due to uncertainties accumulated in the densities. 10 Designation EXAMPLE: 11 Test report It shall include the following: designation (see 10); all data ensuring the traceability of the material (trade mark, identification marking, date of receipt, batch number, etc.); all information regarding