《BS-EN-1591-1-2001.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《BS-EN-1591-1-2001.pdf（52页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1591-1:2001 Flanges and their joints Design rules for gasketed circular flange connections Part 1: Calculation method The European Standard EN 1591-1:2001 has the status of a British Standard ICS 23.040.60 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW
2、BS EN 1591-1:2001 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 September 2001 BSI 08-2001 ISBN 0 580 38204 4 National foreword This British Standard is the
3、 official English language version of EN 1591-1:2001. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PSE/2, Jointing materials and their compounds, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its s
4、ecretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Stand
5、ards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers
6、to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a fr
7、ont cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 49 and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1591-1 Ap
8、ril 2001 ICS 23.040.60 English version Flanges and their joints - Design rules for gasketed circular flange connections - Part 1: Calculation method Brides et leurs assemblages - Rgles de calcul des assemblages brides circulaires avec joint - Partie 1: Mthode de calcul Flansche und ihre Verbindungen
9、 - Regeln fr die Auslegung von Flanschverbindungen mit runden Flanschen und Dichtung - Teil 1: Berechnungsmethode This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 March 2001. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this Europ
10、ean Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, F
11、rench, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, De
12、nmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-10
13、50 Brussels 2001 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1591-1:2001 E Page 2 EN 1591-1:2001 Contents Page Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 1Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 1.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 1.2 Requirement for use of the Calculation method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 1.3 Validity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16、. . . . . . . . . .5 2Normative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 3Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17、. . . .7 3.1 Use of figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 3.2 Subscripts and special marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
18、 3.3 Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 3.4 Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、12 4Calculation parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4.1 Flange parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4.2 Bolt
20、parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 4.3 Gasket parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 5Internal f
21、orces (in the joint) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 5.1 Applied loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 5.2 Compliance of
22、 the joint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 5.3 Minimum forces necessary for the gasket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 5.4 Internal forces in assembly c
23、ondition (I = 0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 5.5 Internal forces in subsequent conditions (I = 1, 2, .) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 6Checking of the admissibility of the load ratio . . . . .
24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 6.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 6.2 Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 6.3 Gasket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 6.4 Integral flange and collar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 6.5 Blank flange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 6.6 Loose flange with collar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Annex A (informative) Requirement for limitation of non-uniformity of gasket stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Annex B (informative) Dimensions of standard metric bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Annex C (informative) Scatter of bolting-up methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Annex D (informative) Assembly using torque wrench . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 A
29、nnex E (informative) Flange rotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Annex F (informative) Diagram of calculation sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Annex G (informative) Joints w
30、ith spacer seated flanges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or other provisions of the PED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Page 3 EN 1591-1:2001 Foreword This European Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 74 “Flanges a
32、nd their joints“, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2001, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by Octo
33、ber 2001. This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. This European Standard is considered as a supporting standard to other application and product standards which in themselves support an essential safety
34、 requirement of a New Approach Directive and will appear as a normative reference in them. For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this standard. EN 1591 consists of two parts: EN 1591-1 Flanges and their joints Design rules for gasketed circular
35、 flange connections Part 1: Calculation method ENV 1591-2 Flanges and their joints Design rules for gasketed circular flange connections Part 2: Gasket parameters The Calculation method satisfies both leaktightness and strength criteria. The behaviour of the complete flanges- bolts-gasket system is
36、considered. Parameters taken into account include not only basic ones such as: fluid pressure; material strength values of flanges, bolts and gaskets; gasket compression factors; nominal bolt load; but also: possible scatter due to bolting up procedure; changes in gasket force due to deformation of
37、all components of the joint; influence of connected shell or pipe; effect of external axial forces and bending moments; effect of temperature difference between bolts and flange ring Calculation for sealing performance is based on elastic analysis of the load/deformation relations between all parts
38、of the flange connection, corrected by a possible plastic behaviour of the gasket material. Calculation for mechanical resistance is based on (plastic) limit analysis of the flange-shell combination. Both internal and external loads are considered. Load conditions covered include initial assembly, h
39、ydrostatic test, and all significant subsequent operating conditions. The calculation steps are broadly as follows: 1) First, the required minimum initial bolt load (to be reached at bolting-up) is determined, so that in any subsequent specified load condition, the residual force on the gasket will
40、never be less than the minimum mean value required for the gasket (value is gasket data from ENV 1591-2, for instance). The determination of this load is iterative, because it depends on the effective gasket width, which itself depends on the initial bolt load. 2) Then, the internal forces that resu
41、lt from the selected value of initial bolt load are derived for all load conditions, and the admissibility of combined external and internal forces is checked as follows: bolting-up condition: the check is performed against the maximum possible bolt force that may result from the bolting-up procedur
42、e; test and operating conditions: checks are performed against the minimum necessary forces, to ensure that the connection will be able to develop these minimum forces without risk of yielding, except in highly localized areas. Higher actual initial bolting results in (limited) plastic deformation i
43、n subsequent conditions (test, operation). Page 4 EN 1591-1:2001 But the checks so defined assure that these deformations will not reduce the bolt force to a value less than the minimum required. If necessary, the flange rotations may be estimated in all load conditions, using annex E, and the value
44、s obtained, compared with the relevant gasket limits which could apply. Checks for admissibility of loads imply safety factors which are those applied to material yield stress or strength in the determination of the nominal design stresses used in the Calculation method. NOTE Where flanges are used
45、to comply with other codes the Calculation method does not specify values for nominal stresses. Nevertheless, since all significant design parameters are accounted for, the use of low safety factors is made possible by special use of nominal design stresses: for assembly conditions the nominal desig
46、n stresses have the same values as for the hydraulic pressure tests (normally higher than for operating conditions); the nominal design stresses for the bolts are determined by the same rules as relevant for the flange and shell material e.g. same safety factor on yield stress. The minimum force req
47、uired on the gasket for leak tightness considerations may be established by two different ways: 1) Use of tabulated gasket factors, for example those given in ENV 1591-2, which are based on industrial experience and correspond to mainly gas and steam leak rates. 2) Derivation from measured leak rate
48、 versus gasket stress data, if available for the gasket, for example as in ENV 1591-2. This permits design to be based on any specified maximum leak rate. The use of this Calculation method is particularly useful for joints where the bolt load is monitored when bolting up. The greater the precision
49、of this, the more benefit can be gained from application of the Calculation method. In the present stage of development, the Calculation method is not applicable to joints with narrow metal-to-metal contact (with the exception of joints with spacer seated flanges (see annex G), or to joints whose rigidity varies appreciably across gasket width. A chart illustrating the calculation process is given in annex F. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countrie