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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 61078:1994 BS 5760-9: 1992 IEC 1078:1991 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Reliability of systems, equipment and components Part 9: Guide to the block diagram technique The European Standard EN 61078:1993 has the status of a British Standard UDC 621.3-192:658.562 Licensed Copy: sh
2、effieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 09 14:45:33 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5760-9:1992 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Quality, Management and Statistics Standards Policy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and
3、comes into effect on 15 October 1999 BSI 02-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference QMS/23 Special announcement in BSI News September 1991 ISBN 0 580 21224 6 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard w
4、as entrusted by the Quality, Management and Statistics Standards Policy Committee (QMS/-) to Technical Committee QMS/23, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association for Consumer Research (ACRE) Association of Consulting Engineers British Gas plc British Railways Board Cable and Wir
5、eless plc City University Civil Aviation Authority Cranfield Information Technology Institute Cranfield Institute of Technology Design Council EEA (the Association of Electronics, Telecommunications and Business Equipment Industries) Electricity Association Electronic Components Industry Federation
6、Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association GAMBICA (BEAMA Ltd.) Institute of Petroleum Institute of Quality Assurance Institution of Electrical Engineers Institution of Plant Engineers Ministry of Defence National Computing Centre Ltd. Railway Industry Association of Great Britain Safety
7、and Reliability Society Society of British Aerospace Companies Limited Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Limited United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority University of Technology, Loughborough Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments 8152April 1994Indicated by a sideline in th
8、e margin Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 09 14:45:33 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5760-9:1992 BSI 02-1999i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover National forewordii Foreword2 Introduction3 1Scope3 2Normative references3 3Definitions3 4Symbols3 5A
9、pplicability3 6System fault definitions and reliability requirements3 6.1General considerations3 6.2Detailed considerations4 7Elementary models4 7.1Developing the model4 7.2Evaluating the model7 8More complex models8 8.1General procedures8 8.2Models with common blocks12 8.3m out of n models (non-ide
10、ntical items)14 8.4Method of reduction15 9Extension of reliability block diagram methods to availability calculations16 9.1Introduction16 9.2Assumptions16 9.3Examples16 9.4Conclusions and general remarks16 Annex A (normative) Symbols and abbreviations18 Annex B (informative) Summary of formulae20 An
11、nex ZA (normative) Other international publications quoted in this standard with the references of the relevant European publications22 Figure 15 Figure 25 Figure 35 Figure 45 Figure 55 Figure 66 Figure 76 Figure 86 Figure 97 Figure 108 Figure 119 Figure 129 Figure 1310 Figure 1412 Figure 1512 Figur
12、e 1614 Figure 1715 Figure 18a15 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 09 14:45:33 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5760-9:1992 ii BSI 02-1999 Page Figure 18b15 Figure 1917 Table 111 Table 211 Table 313 List of referencesInside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffiel
13、dun, na, Thu Nov 09 14:45:33 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5760-9:1992 BSI 02-1999 iii National foreword This Part of BS 5760 has been prepared under the direction of the Quality, Management and Statistics Standards Policy Committee. It is identical with IEC 1078:1991 Analysis techni
14、ques for dependability Reliability block diagram method, published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). In 1993 the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) accepted IEC 1078:1991 as European Standard EN 61078:1993. As a consequence of implementing the Eur
15、opean Standard this British Standard is renumbered as BS EN 61078 and any reference to BS 5760-9 should be read as a reference to BS EN 61078. Nine Parts of this standard have been published and these may be summarized as follows: Part 0: Introductory guide to reliability. This Part provides guidanc
16、e to directors of companies who need to know why reliability is important to them, to engineers not trained in quality and reliability to show how reliability should influence their technical decision making, and to middle management not specialized in engineering, to explain how measures to achieve
17、 reliability should be integrated with other aspects of project management to give optimum results. Part 1: Guide to reliability and maintainability programme management. This Part discusses the essential features of a comprehensive reliability and maintainability programme for the planning, organiz
18、ation, direction and control of resources to produce systems, equipment and components which will be reliable and maintainable. It includes consideration of the specification and assessment of reliability and maintainability and of arrangements for the collection of reliability data. Part 2: Guide t
19、o the assessment of reliability. This Part recommends general procedures for the assessment of reliability of hardware systems and contains guidance for the reliability practitioner on the quantitative and statistical aspects of reliability, such as reliability modelling, the provision of data, and
20、the concepts of redundancy and simulation. Part 3: Guide to reliability practices: examples. This part contains authentic practical examples illustrating the principles established in Part 1 and Part 2 of BS 5760. Part 4: Guide to specification clauses relating to the achievement and development of
21、reliability in new and existing items. This Part provides more detailed guidance on the specification of reliability. Part 5: Guide to failure modes, effects and criticality analysis (FMEA and FMECA). This Part describes failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) and failure modes, effects and critic
22、ality analysis (FMECA), and gives guidance on the application of these techniques. Part 6: Guide to programmes for reliability growth. This Part describes procedures to expose and remove weaknesses in hardware and software items in order to achieve acceptable reliability in a product. It explains ba
23、sic concepts, management and test procedures and describes techniques for analysis and correction of failures. Part 7: Guide to fault tree analysis. This Part describes fault tree analysis and gives guidance on the application of this technique which may be used to identify factors affecting the rel
24、iability, performance and safety characteristics of a system. Part 9: Guide to the block diagram technique. This Part describes the use of the block diagram technique for modelling and evaluating the reliability of both elementary and more complex systems. The extension of the method to calculate av
25、ailability is also outlined. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 09 14:45:33 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5760-9:1992 iv BSI 02-1999 Further Parts are envisaged in order to provide guidance on other techniques of reliability management. At present three further Parts
26、 are in the process of being drafted, and these are as follows. Part 81): Guide to the assessment of reliability of systems containing software. This Part will provide guidance on the assessment of reliability of systems containing software. Part 10: Guide to reliability testing. Part 11: Guide to t
27、he collection of reliability, maintainability, availability and maintenance support data from the field. NOTE 1This British Standard makes reference to BS 4778, the Quality Vocabulary, and in particular to BS 4778-3, a glossary which contains definitions relating to reliability concepts applicable t
28、o the guide and it is essential that these definitions and concepts should be fully understood if this guide is to be interpreted correctly. For this reason it is recommended that BS 4778 should be read in conjunction with BS 5760. NOTE 2Chapter 191 of IEC 50, the International Electrotechnical Voca
29、bulary, now deprecates the use of the terms “failure modes and effects analysis” and “failure modes, effects and criticality analysis” and favours the use of “fault modes and effects analysis” and “fault modes, effects and criticality analysis” respectively. However, the older terms have been retain
30、ed in BS 5760-5 in order to align it with the current version of IEC 812 which has been adopted by CEN. Guidance on specific aspects of maintainability is provided in the various Parts of BS 6548 Maintainability of equipment. Textual error. In 8.2, in the antepenultimate line of the final paragraph,
31、 “et” should read “and”. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages
32、 This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, the EN title page, pages 2 to 22, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the in
33、side front cover. 1) Currently published as a Draft for Development, DD 198:1991. Cross-reference International standardCorresponding British Standard IEC 50(191):1990BS 4778 Quality vocabulary Section 3.2:1991 Glossary of international terms (Identical) Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, T
34、hu Nov 09 14:45:33 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 61078 October 1993 UDC 621.3-192:658.562 Descriptors: Dependability, analysis technique, reliability block diagram, availability, system English version Analysis techniques for dependab
35、ility Reliability block diagram method (IEC 1078:1991) Techniques danalyse de la sret de fonctionnement Mthode du diagramme de fiabilit (CEI 1078:1991) Techniken fr die Analyse der Zuverlssigkeit Verfahren mit dem Zuverlssigkeitsblockdiagramm (IEC 1078:1991) This European Standard was approved by CE
36、NELEC on 1993-09-22. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national stand
37、ards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and noti
38、fied to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland an
39、d United Kingdom. CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B-1050 Brussels 1993 Copyright reserved to CENELEC members Ref. No. EN 61078:199
40、3 E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 09 14:45:33 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 61078:1993 BSI 02-1999 2 Foreword The CENELEC questionnaire procedure, performed for finding out whether or not the International Standard IEC 1078:1991 could be accepted without textual
41、 changes, has shown that no common modifications were necessary for acceptance as a European Standard. The reference document was submitted to the CENELEC members for formal vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 61078 on 22 September 1993. The following dates were fixed: Annexes designated “normati
42、ve” are part of the body of the standard. Annexes designated “informative” are given only for information. In this standard, Annex A and Annex ZA are normative and Annex B is informative. latest date of publication of an identical national standard(dop) 1994-09-01 latest date of withdrawal of confli
43、cting national standards(dow)1994-09-01 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 09 14:45:33 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 61078:1993 BSI 02-19993 Introduction Different analytical methods of dependability analysis are available, of which the Reliability Block Diagram (RBD
44、) is one. The purposes of each method and their individual or combined applicability in evaluating the reliability and availability of a given system or component should be examined by the analyst prior to starting work on the RBD. Consideration should also be given to the results obtainable from ea
45、ch method, data required to perform the analysis, complexity of analysis, and other factors identified in this standard. 1 Scope This International Standard describes procedures for modelling the dependability of a system and for using the model in order to calculate reliability and availability mea
46、sures. A standard set of symbols related to reliability parameters is given in Annex A. Some formulae are given in Annex B. 2 Normative references The following normative document contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the
47、time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All normative documents are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the normative document listed below. Members of I
48、EC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IEC 50 (191):1990, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV), Chapter 191: Dependability and quality of service. 3 Definitions Terms and definitions are in accordance with the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (I
49、EV), Chapter 191. 4 Symbols Symbols and abbreviations are given in Annex A. 5 Applicability An RBD is a pictorial representation of a systems reliability performance. It shows the logical connection of (functioning) components needed for system success. The modelling techniques described are intended to be applied primarily to systems without repair and where the order in which failures occur does not matter. For systems where the order of failures must be taken into account or where repairs are to be carried out, other modelling te