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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 571-1 : 1997 The Eu
2、ropean Standard EN 571-1 : 1997 has the status of a British Standard ICS 19.100 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing Part 1. General principles BS EN 571-1 : 1997 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directi
3、on of the Engineering Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 June 1997 BSI 1997 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference WEE/46 Draft for comment 91/82089 DC ISBN 0 580 27603 1 Amendments issued
4、since publication Amd. No.DateText affected Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee WEE/46, Non-destructive testing, upon which the following bodies were represented: Aluminium Federation Associated Office Technic
5、al Committee Association of Consulting Engineers BNF (Fulmer Materials Centre) British Airways British Chemical Engineering Contractors Association British Coal Corporation British Gas plc British Institute of Non-destructive Testing British Non-Ferrous Metals Association British Nuclear Fuels plc B
6、ritish Railways Board British Steel Industry Castings Technology International Electricity Association Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association Health and Safety Executive Institute of Physics Institute of Quality Assurance Light Metal Founders Association Lloyds Register of Shipping Mi
7、nistry of Defence National Radiological Protection Board Power Generation Contractors Association (PGCA) (BEAMA Ltd.) Railway Industry Association of Great Britain Royal Society of Chemistry Society of British Aerospace Companies Limited Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Limited Welding Ins
8、titute BS EN 571-1 : 1997 BSI 1997i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover National forewordii Foreword2 Text of EN 571-13 ii BSI 1997 BS EN 571-1 : 1997 National foreword This Part of BS EN 571 has been prepared by Technical Committee WEE/46 and is the English language version of EN
9、 571-1 Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing Part 1: General principles, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). EN 571-1 was produced as a result of international discussion in which the UK took an active part. BS EN 571-1 supersedes BS 6443 : 1984 which is withdrawn. Cro
10、ss-references Publication referred toCorresponding British Standard EN 473 : 1993BS EN 473 : 1993 Qualification and certification of NDT personnel General principles Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises
11、 a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite Europe en de Normalisation Europa isches Komitee fu r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 199
12、7 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref. No. EN 571-1 : 1997 E EUROPEAN STANDARDEN 571-1 NORME EUROPE ENNE EUROPA ISCHE NORM January 1997 ICS 19.100 Descriptors: Non-destructive tests, liquid penetrant tests, inspection methods, safety measures, procedure, characteristics, classifications, designati
13、on, macroscopic analysis English version Non-destructive testingPenetrant testing Part1: General principles Essais non destructifs Examen par ressuage Partie 1: Principes ge ne raux Zersto rungsfreie Pru fung Eindringpru fung Teil 1: Allgemeine Grundlagen This European Standard was approved by CEN o
14、n 1995-01-14. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be
15、 obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central
16、 Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Page 2 EN 571-1 :
17、 1997 BSI 1997 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138, Non-destructive testing, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsemen
18、t, at the latest by July 1997, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 1997. In the framework of its scope, Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 entrusted CEN/TC 138/WG 4, Liquid penetrant testing, to prepare this European Standard. EN 571 comprises a series of European
19、 Standards on penetrant testing which is made of the following: EN 571-1Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing Part 1: General principles EN 571-2Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing Part 2: Testing of penetrant materials EN 571-3Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing Part 3: Reference te
20、st blocks This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the f
21、ollowing countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Contents Page Foreword2 1Scope3 2Normative references3
22、 3Definitions3 4Safety precautions3 5General principles3 6Products, sensitivity and designation4 7Compatibility of testing materials with the part(s) to be tested5 8Test procedure5 9Test report8 Annexes A(normative) Main stages of the penetrant examination9 B(informative) Example of a test report10
23、Page 3 EN 571-1 : 1997 BSI 1997 1) In preparation. 1 Scope This standard defines a method of penetrant testing used to detect discontinuities, e.g. cracks, laps, folds, porosity and lack of fusion, which are open to the surface of the material to be tested. It is mainly applied to metallic materials
24、, but can also be performed on other materials, provided that they are inert to the test media and they are not excessively porous, examples of which are castings, forgings, welds, ceramics, etc. This standard is not intended to be used for acceptance criteria and gives no information relating to th
25、e suitability of individual test systems for specific applications nor requirements for test equipment. The term discontinuity is used here in the sense that no evaluation concerning acceptability or non-acceptability is included. Methods for determining and monitoring the essential properties of pe
26、netrant testing products to be used are specified in EN 571-2 and EN 571-3. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications ar
27、e listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 473Qualification an
28、d certification of NDT personnel General principles prEN 571-2Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing Part 2: Testing of penetrant materials1) prEN 571-3Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing Part 3: Reference test blocks1) prEN 956Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing Equipment prEN 1330-6
29、Non-destructive testing Terminology Part 6: Terms used in penetrant systems 1) prEN1956Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing Viewing conditions1) 3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard the definitions of prEN 1330-6 apply. 4 Safety precautions As penetrant
30、inspection techniques often require the use of harmful, flammable and/or volatile materials, certain precautions shall be taken. Prolonged or repeated contact of these materials with the skin or any mucous membrane should be avoided. Working areas shall be adequately ventilated and sited away from s
31、ources of heat, sparks and naked flames in accordance with local regulations. The penetrant testing products and equipment shall be used with care and always in compliance with the instructions supplied by the manufacturer. When using UV-A sources, care shall be taken to ensure that unfiltered radia
32、tion from the UV-A source does not directly reach the eyes of the operators. Whether it forms an integral part of the lamp or is a separate component, the UV-A filter shall always be maintained in good condition. There is legislation and regulations regarding health, safety, pollution and storage, e
33、tc. 5 General principles 5.1 Personnel The examination shall be carried out or supervised by competent personnel and, if required, qualified and certified according to EN 473 or to a system agreed upon by the contracting parties. 5.2 Description of the method Prior to penetrant testing the surface t
34、o be inspected shall be cleaned and dried. Then suitable penetrants are applied to the test area and enter into discontinuities open to the surface. After the appropriate penetration time has elapsed the excess penetrant is removed from the surface and the developer applied. This absorbs the penetra
35、nt that has entered and remains in the discontinuities and may give a clearly visible enhanced indication of the discontinuity. Should complementary non-destructive testing be required, the penetrant inspection shall be performed first unless agreed upon between the contracting parties so as not to
36、introduce contaminants into open discontinuities. If penetrant inspection is used following another non-destructive testing technique, the surface shall be cleaned carefully to remove contaminants before application. Page 4 EN 571-1 : 1997 BSI 1997 Table 1. Testing products PenetrantExcess penetrant
37、 removerDeveloper TypeDesignationMethod DesignationFormDesignation I II III Fluorescent penetrant Colour contrast penetrant Dual purpose (fluorescent colour contrast penetrant) A B C D E Water Lipophilic emulsifier 1 Oil-based emulsifier 2 Rinsing with running water Solvent (liquid) Hydrophilic emul
38、sifier 1 Optional prerinse (water) 2 Emulsifier (water-diluted) 3 Final rinse (water) Water and solvent a b c d e Dry Water soluble Water suspendable Solvent-based (non-aqueous wet) Water or solvent based for special application (e.g. peelable developer) NOTE. For specific cases, it is necessary to
39、use penetrant testing products complying with particular requirements with regards to flammability, sulfur, halogen and sodium content and other contaminants, see prEN 571-2. 5.3 Process sequence The sequence of operations is illustrated for the general case in annex A. Testing generally proceeds th
40、rough the following stages: a) preparation and precleaning (see 8.2); b) application of penetrant (see 8.3); c) excess penetrant removal (see 8.4); d) application of developer (see 8.5); e) inspection (see 8.6); f) recording (see 8.7); g) postcleaning (see 8.8). 5.4 Equipment The equipment for carry
41、ing out penetrant testing depends on the number, size and shape of the parts to be tested. For the requirements of equipment, see EN 956. 5.5 Effectiveness The effectiveness of the penetrant testing depends upon many factors such as: a) types of penetrant materials and testing equipment; b) surface
42、preparation and condition; c) material under examination and expected discontinuities; d) temperature of the test surface; e) penetration and development time; f) viewing conditions, etc. 6 Products, sensitivity and designation 6.1 Product family Various test systems exist in penetrant testing. A pr
43、oduct family is understood as a combination of the following penetrant testing materials: penetrant, excess penetrant remover and developer. When tested in accordance with prEN 571-2 the penetrant and excess penetrant remover shall be from one manufacturer. Only approved product families shall be us
44、ed. 6.2 Testing products The testing products are given in table 1. 6.3 Sensitivity The sensitivity level of a product family shall be determined using reference block 1 as described in prEN 5713. The assessed level always refers to the method used for type testing of the approved product family. 6.
45、4 Designation The approved product family to be used for penetrant testing is given a designation comprising the type, the method and the form for the testing products, and a figure which indicates the sensitivity level achieved by testing with the reference block 1 as described in prEN 571-3. Examp
46、le Designation of an approved product family comprising fluorescent penetrant (I), water as excess penetrant remover (A) and a dry powder developer (a), and a system sensitivity of level 2 is the following penetrant testing system when using prEN 571-1 and prEN 572-2 giving the example: product fami
47、ly EN 571-IAa-2. Page 5 EN 571-1 : 1997 BSI 1997 7 Compatibility of testing materials with the part(s) to be tested 7.1 General The penetrant testing products shall be compatible with the material to be tested and the use for which the part is designed. 7.2 Compatibility of penetrant testing product
48、s The penetrant testing materials shall be compatible with each other. Penetrant materials from different manufacturers shall not be mixed during the initial filling of the facility. Dragout losses shall not be replaced using penetrant materials from different manufacturers. 7.3 Compatibility of pen
49、etrant testing materials with parts under examination 7.3.1 In most cases the compatibility of products can be assessed prior to use by means of the corrosion test detailed in prEN 571-2. 7.3.2 The chemical or physical properties of some non-metallics can be adversely affected by penetrant testing materials; their compatibility has to be established before inspecting parts manufactured from, and assemblies that include, such materials. 7.3.3 In situations where contamination might occur, it is essential to en