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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS IEC 61865:2001 Overhead lines Calculation of the electrical component of distance between live parts and obstacles Method of calculation ICS 29.240.20 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 11:
2、53:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS IEC 61865:2001 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Electrotechnical Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 March 2002 BSI 29 Ma
3、rch 2002 ISBN 0 580 39248 1 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim IEC 61865:2001 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PEL/11, Overhead lines, which has the responsibility to: A list of organi
4、zations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. From 1 January 1997, all IEC publications have the number 60000 added to the old number. For instance, IEC 27 has been renumbered as IEC 60027-1. For a period of time during the change over from one numbering system t
5、o the other, publications may contain identifiers from both systems. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Corresponden
6、ce Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of it
7、self confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and
8、 promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the IEC title page, pages 2 to 23 and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. D
9、ateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 11:53:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI NORME INTERNATIONALE CEI IEC INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 61865 Premire dition First edition 2001-07 Lignes ariennes Calcul de la composante lectrique de la distance entre les parties sou
10、s tension et les obstacles Mthode de calcul Overhead lines Calculation of the electrical component of distance between live parts and obstacles Method of calculation Numro de rfrence Reference number CEI/IEC 61865:2001 BS IEC 61865:2001 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 11:53:26
11、 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61865 IEC:2001 3 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 3 INTRODUCTION . 5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references. 7 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 7 3.1 Definitions 7 3.2 Symbols 9 4 Approach used to derive the electrical distance . 10 5 Overvoltages 11 5.1 Classification of ov
12、ervoltages . 11 5.2 Temporary overvoltages . 11 5.3 Slow-front overvoltages 12 5.4 Fast-front overvoltages . 12 6 Required withstand voltage of the air gap 13 6.1 General. 14 6.2 Calculation of the required withstand voltage 16 7 Calculation of the distance associated with the overvoltages . 17 Anne
13、x A (informative) Relationship between U50 and the gap length, d . 18 Annex B (informative) Example of the calculation of the electrical component . 20 Bibliography. 23 Table 1 Slow-front waves: probability of discharge 14 Table 2 Fast-front waves: probability of discharge. 15 Table B.1 Summary of t
14、he results 22 BS IEC 61865:2001 BSI 29 March 20022 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 11:53:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61865 IEC:2001 5 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION OVERHEAD LINES CALCULATION OF THE ELECTRICAL COMPONENT OF DISTANCE BETWEEN LIVE PAR
15、TS AND OBSTACLES METHOD OF CALCULATION FOREWORD 1)The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote international co-operation on all q
16、uestions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may partici
17、pate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement b
18、etween the two organizations. 2)The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested National Committees. 3)The documents
19、 produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the form of standards, technical specifications, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National Committees in that sense. 4) In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees
20、 undertake to apply IEC International Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) The IEC provides no marking
21、procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any equipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards. 6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. The IEC shall not be
22、held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 61865 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 11: Overhead lines. The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDISReport on voting 11/161/FDIS11/162/RVD Full information on the voting f
23、or the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Annexes A and B are for information only. BS IEC 61865:2001 BSI 29 March 20023 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffield
24、un, na, Sun Nov 26 11:53:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61865 IEC:2001 7 The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until 2005-11. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed; withdrawn; replaced by a revised edition, or amended. BS IEC
25、 61865:2001 BSI 29 March 20024 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 11:53:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61865 IEC:2001 9 INTRODUCTION The minimum distances to be maintained between overhead line conductors and objects close to them are usually specified in national
26、standards or regulations. Such minimum distances normally comprise an electrical distance, i.e. an air insulation distance which prevents an electrical discharge between the conductors and other objects, even when there are overvoltages present on the overhead line conductors; an additional distance
27、 to account for an extreme range of certain conditions (such as human activities, sizes of objects that may normally come under a line, movement of conductors due to temperature, load or environmental conditions) plus a safety margin to allow for uncertainties. It is important that the two distances
28、 are specified correctly. The method presented in this International Standard for calculating the electrical distance is mainly for use when reviewing or revising existing electrical distances (for example, to add new voltage levels). The method uses the overvoltages which occur on the lines togethe
29、r with the prevailing atmospheric conditions (including the effects of altitude, etc.) to derive the electrical component of the distance. The method is especially suited to the case of slow- fronted waves but is extended to cover the case of fast-front waves and temporary overvoltages. BS IEC 61865
30、:2001 BSI 29 March 20025 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 11:53:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61865 IEC:2001 11 OVERHEAD LINES CALCULATION OF THE ELECTRICAL COMPONENT OF DISTANCE BETWEEN LIVE PARTS AND OBSTACLES METHOD OF CALCULATION 1 Scope This International S
31、tandard provides guidance for the calculation of electrical distances between live and earthed parts required to prevent air-gap breakdown which may endanger members of the public who legitimately come close to live parts. It is applicable only to overhead lines designed to operate at more than 45 k
32、V phase-to-phase a.c. It deals with the electrical component of distances between conductors and movable objects vehicles on the ground, vessels on water, persons on top of objects or on the ground, wildlife on the ground (but not airborne), etc. This standard does not deal with the following public
33、 and worker safety aspects: stationary objects structures beneath or next to lines, trees, ground contours, etc. These, in general, require consideration as to whether the structure can be climbed on, the extent to which the tree will grow, etc; minimum approach distance for live working, which is d
34、ealt with in IEC 61472; capacitive coupling or magnetic induction by overhead lines, such as voltages induced in vehicles under a line, or in pipelines buried alongside it; currents flowing in the ground that originate from lines and result in step and touch voltages around structures during line fa
35、ults or lightning strikes; flashover of line insulators or spark gaps, or a phase-to-phase discharge, resulting in audible and electrical noise and intense arcs; dielectric breakdown of the air between the conductors and the ground due to large fires beneath conductors; minimum electrical distances
36、required to prevent discharge to adjacent overhead power or communication circuits. This standard does not give the electrical distance requirements for the design of overhead line structures. Neither does it give the distance requirements for overhead line structures which need to be accessible to
37、workers while the line is energized (for example, distances to line workers or painters). Distances between conductors and the structure of the tower are normally chosen to meet the required operating reliability of the line. It is possible that this distance may not always be adequate to allow live
38、 working or, in some cases, access for workers to parts of the structure near to live conductors. BS IEC 61865:2001 BSI 29 March 20026 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 11:53:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61865 IEC:2001 13 2 Normative references The following nor
39、mative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standar
40、d are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standa
41、rds. IEC 60050(601):1985, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) Chapter 601: Generation, transmission and distribution of electricity General IEC 60050(604):1987, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) Chapter 604: Generation, transmission and distribution of electricity Operation
42、 IEC 60060-1:1989, High-voltage test techniques Part 1: General definitions and test requirements lEC 60071-1:1993, Insulation co-ordination Part 1: Definitions, principles and rules lEC 60071-2:1996, Insulation co-ordination Part 2: Application guide IEC 61472:1998, Live working Minimum approach di
43、stances Method of calculation 3 Terms, definitions and symbols For the purposes of this International Standard, certain definitions from IEC 60050(601) and IEC 60050(604) as well as the following definitions apply. 3.1 Definitions 3.1.1 nominal voltage of a system suitable approximate value of volta
44、ge used to designate or identify a system IEV 601-01-21 NOTE See also IEV 601-01-29: phase-to-phase voltage. 3.1.2 highest voltage of a system US highest value of operating voltage which occurs under normal operating conditions at any time and any point in the system IEV 601-01-23 NOTE 1 See also IE
45、V 601-01-29: phase-to-phase voltage. NOTE 2 Transient overvoltages due, for example, to switching operations and abnormal operation, as well as abnormal temporary variations of voltage, are not taken into account. BS IEC 61865:2001 BSI 29 March 20027 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun N
46、ov 26 11:53:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 61865 IEC:2001 15 3.1.3 temporary overvoltage oscillatory overvoltage (at power frequency) at a given location, of relatively long duration and which is undamped or weakly damped IEV 604-03-12, modified NOTE Temporary overvoltages usually ori
47、ginate from switching operations or faults (for example, sudden load rejection, single phase-to-earth faults and/or from non-linearities (ferro-resonance effects, harmonics). 3.1.4 fifty per cent disruptive discharge voltage peak value of an impulse test voltage having a 50 % probability of initiati
48、ng a disruptive discharge each time the dielectric testing is performed IEV 604-03-43 3.1.5 power-frequency withstand voltage r.m.s. value of sinusoidal power frequency voltage that the equipment can withstand during tests made under specified conditions and for a specified time IEV 604-03-40 3.1.6
49、lightning overvoltage transient overvoltage, the shape of which can be regarded for insulation coordination purposes as similar to that of the standard lightning impulse IEV 604-03-30 3.1.7 front of a voltage impulse that part of an impulse which occurs prior to the peak IEV 604-03-16 3.1.8 electrical distance Del reference distance which ensures that the electrical breakdown between any live part of the electrical installation to the bod