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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 61788-5:2001 Superconductivity Part 5: Matrix to superconductor volume ratio measurement Copper to superconductor volume ratio of Cu/Nb-Ti composite superconductors The European Standard EN 61788-5:2001 has the status of a British Standard ICS 29.050 ? Licensed Copy: sheffield
2、un sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 09 04:26:52 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 61788-5:2001 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 13 March 2003 BSI 13 March 2003 ISBN 0 580 41382 9 National foreword This British Standard i
3、s the official English language version of EN 61788-5:2001. It is identical with IEC 61788-5:2000. There has been no UK participation in the preparation of this document. This standard is published as part of the UKs obligation to give the status of a national standard to all standards prepared by C
4、ENELEC. Any enquiries on the text should be sent to the Head of Standards International content. From 1 January 1997, all IEC publications have the number 60000 added to the old number. For instance, IEC 27-1 has been renumbered as IEC 60027-1. For a period of time during the change over from one nu
5、mbering system to the other, publications may contain identifiers from both systems. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Corres
6、pondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not o
7、f itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 15 and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since pu
8、blication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 09 04:26:52 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARDEN 61788-5 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORMApril 2001 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisat
9、ion Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels 2001 CENELEC -All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 61788-5:2001 E ICS 29.050 English version Superco
10、nductivity Part 5: Matrix to superconductor volume ratio measurement - Copper to superconductor volume ratio of Cu/Nb-Ti composite superconductors (IEC 61788-5:2000) Supraconductivit Partie 5: Mesure du rapport volumique matrice/supraconducteurs - Rapport volumique cuivre/supraconducteur des composi
11、tes supraconducteurs au Cu/Nb-Ti (CEI 61788-5:2000) Supraleitfhigkeit Teil 5: Messung des Verhltnisses von Matrixvolumen zu Supraleitervolumen - Verhltnis von Kupfervolumen zu Supraleitervolumen von Cu/Nb Ti-Verbundsupraleitern (IEC 61788-5:2000) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 200
12、0-12-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be
13、obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the
14、Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerlan
15、d and United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 09 04:26:52 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Foreword The text of document 90/81/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 61788-5, prepared by IEC TC 90, Superconductivity, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was
16、 approved by CENELEC as EN 61788-5 on 2000-12-01. The following dates were fixed: latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement(dop) 2001-10-01 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN
17、 have to be withdrawn(dow) 2003-12-01 Annexes designated “normative“ are part of the body of the standard. Annexes designated “informative“ are given for information only. In this standard, annexes A and ZA are normative and annexes B to D are informative. Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC. _ Endor
18、sement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 61788-5:2000 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. _ Page 2 EN 617885:2001 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 09 04:26:52 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 68718-CEI 5:0200(E) 3 CONT
19、ENTS Page INTRODUCTION.4 Clause 1Scope.5 2Normative references .5 3Terminology .5 4Principle.6 5Chemicals 6 6Apparatus.6 7Measurement procedure.7 8Calculation of results9 9Precision and accuracy of the test method10 10Test report10 Annex A (normative) Copper to superconductor volume ratio copper mas
20、s method11 Annex B (informative) Specific mass of Nb-Ti 12 Annex C (informative) Mechanical removal of insulating cover materials 13 Annex D (informative) Second etch of specimen 14 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications
21、 .15 Page 3 EN 617885:2001 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 09 04:26:52 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 4 8716-8 5 CEI:02(00)E INTRODUCTION The copper to superconductor volume ratio of composite superconductors is used mainly to calculate the critical current density of
22、 superconducting wires. The test with the method given in this International Standard may be used to provide part of the information needed to determine the suitability of a specific superconductor. Moreover, this method is useful for quality control, acceptance or research testing if the precaution
23、s given in this standard are observed. The test method given in this International Standard is based on the condition that the specific mass of Nb-Ti is known. If the specific mass of Nb-Ti and/or the fraction of Nb barrier are unknown, another method to determine the copper to superconductor volume
24、 ratio of composite superconductors is described in annex A. Page 4 EN 617885:2001 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 09 04:26:52 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 68718-CEI 5:0200(E) 5 SUPERCONDUCTIVITY Part 5: Matrix to superconductor volume ratio measurement Copper to su
25、perconductor volume ratio of Cu/Nb-Ti composite superconductors 1 Scope This part of IEC 61788 covers a test method for the determination of copper to super- conductor volume ratio of Cu/Nb-Ti composite superconducting wire. This test method is intended for use with Cu/Nb-Ti composite superconductin
26、g wires with a cross-sectional area of 0,1 mm2 to 3 mm2, a diameter of the Nb-Ti filament(s) of 2 m to 200 m, and a copper to superconductor volume ratio of 0,5 or more. The Cu/Nb-Ti composite test conductor discussed in this method has a monolithic structure with a round or rectangular cross-sectio
27、n. This test method is carried out by dissolving the copper with nitric acid. Deviations from this test method that are allowed for routine tests and other specific restrictions are given in this standard. Cu/Nb-Ti conductors beyond the limits in the cross-sectional area, the filament diameter and t
28、he copper to superconductor volume ratio could be measured with this present method with an anticipated reduction in precision. Other, more specialized, specimen test geometries may be more appropriate for conductors beyond the limits and have been omitted from this present standard for simplicity a
29、nd to retain precision. The test method given in this standard is expected to apply to other superconducting composite wires after some appropriate modifications. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions
30、of this part of IEC 61788. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of IEC 61788 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the normative docume
31、nt indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IEC 60050-815:2000, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) Part 815: Super- conductivity 3 Term
32、inology For the purposes of this part of IEC 61788, the definitions given in IEC 60050-815 and the following definition are applicable. 3.1 copper to superconductor volume ratio the ratio of the area of the copper stabilizing material to the area without copper consisting of Nb-Ti filaments and thei
33、r Nb barriers. Page 5 EN 617885:2001 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 09 04:26:52 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 6 8716-8 5 CEI:02(00)E 4 Principle The test method utilizes the nature of the Cu/Nb-Ti composite superconducting wire whereby the copper dissolves in nitric
34、 acid solution but the Nb-Ti filaments and Nb barriers do not. After measuring its mass, dip the specimen in the nitric acid solution to dissolve only the copper. Then measure the mass of the remaining Nb-Ti filaments and their Nb barriers. Convert the ratio of masses to the ratio of volumes by divi
35、ding the respective masses of the copper and filaments by the respective specific mass of the copper and filaments. 5 Chemicals The following chemicals shall be prepared for sample preparation. ? Nitric acid solution consisting of nitric acid (a mass fraction of 50 % to 65 % recommended) and distill
36、ed water ? Organic solvent ? Degreasing solvent ? Ethyl alcohol ? Distilled (pure) water NOTE When nitric acid of more than a mass fraction of 65 % is used, the acid shall be diluted with distilled water within the range of the above content. 6 Apparatus Draft chamber Balance A balance should have a
37、 measuring resolution of 0,1 mg. Dryer or drying oven A dryer or a drying oven shall be used for evaporating moisture after washing the specimen. ? 300-ml beaker ? Watch-glass ? Plastic tweezers ? Filter papers ? Thermometer Rubber gloves, protection spectacles and draft chamber Rubber gloves and pr
38、otection spectacles shall be used for protecting the human body from the harmful acid liquid or fumes. The dissolution of the specimen shall be performed in a draft chamber in order to protect the human body. Page 6 EN 617885:2001 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 09 04:26:52 GMT+0
39、0:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 68718-CEI 5:0200(E) 7 7 Measurement procedure 7.1 Quantity of specimen Take a specimen of around 1 g to 10 g in mass from the base test material. 7.2 Removal of insulating cover material An appropriate organic solvent, which does not erode the copper, shall be u
40、sed to remove any insulating cover material of the specimen. Finally, it shall be visually checked that the insulating cover material no longer remains. 7.3 Cleaning A degreaser shall be used to remove oil and/or grease traces from the specimen, whose cover material has been removed. It shall then b
41、e cleaned with pure water. Finally, the degreased specimen shall be dipped in ethyl alcohol to replace the water. Cleaning without using ethyl alcohol is an alternative, by using the drying process described in 7.4. 7.4 Drying The clean specimen shall be placed on a watch-glass and dried fully in a
42、dryer or a drying oven at a temperature of 60 C or lower. When cleaning the specimen is carried out without ethyl alcohol, the specimen shall be dried fully in a dryer or a drying oven at a temperature of 100 C. 7.5 Measurement of specimen mass When the specimen is cooled down to 35 C or lower, its
43、mass shall be measured on a sheet of weighing paper, using a balance, to an accuracy of 0,1 mg. 7.6 Repetition of mass measurement After completion of this mass measurement (first measurement), remove the specimen from the balance. To assure that the specimen has been fully dried, the mass of the sp
44、ecimen shall be measured again about 10 min after the first measurement (second measurement). The difference in mass between the first and second measurements shall be within 0,5 %. If this difference is within 0,5 %, the average of the two measurements shall be regarded as the mass of the specimen.
45、 If the difference in mass is more than 0,5 %, cleaning of the specimen with ethyl alcohol and drying of the specimen shall be repeated as described in 7.3, 7.4, 7.5 and 7.6 until the difference in mass of the two measurements is within 0,5 %. As soon as this part of the method is qualified by a suc
46、cessful repetition, the second mass measurement can be omitted in subsequent measurements. However, periodic re-qualification shall be performed every six months or after changes in equipment or personnel. Page 7 EN 617885:2001 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 09 04:26:52 GMT+00:0
47、0 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 8 8716-8 5 CEI:02(00)E 7.7 Dissolving copper The copper shall be dissolved from the specimen in the following manner. Put approximately 150 ml of the nitric acid solution in a 300 ml beaker. Tie a knot in the specimen to help retain all of the filaments upon comple
48、tion of the etch. In the draft chamber, while maintaining the temperature of the nitric acid solution between 20 C and 50 C, the whole specimen shall be dipped in the nitric acid solution for 30 min to 1 h to completely dissolve the copper of the specimen. It shall be checked visually that the coppe
49、r has been completely dissolved. For wires with filaments less than 10 ?m, a second etch according to annex D is recommended to assure a complete copper dissolution. Note that a fresh nitric acid solution shall be used for each specimen that is etched. NOTE 1 When copper is dissolved in the nitric acid solution, nitrite gas is generated. Because the nitric acid and the nitrite gas are harmful to the human body, use all