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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 10211-2:2001 Th
2、e European Standard EN ISO 10211-2:2001 has the status of a British Standard ICS91.120.10 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Thermal bridges in building construction Calculation of heat flows and surface temperatures Part 2: Linear thermal bridges Licensed Copy: s
3、heffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 03:06:55 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Committee for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on
4、 15 May 2001 BSI 05-2001 ISBN 0 580 32642 X BS EN ISO 10211-2:2001 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim EN ISO 10211-2:2001 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entru
5、sted by Technical Committee B/540, Energy performance of materials, components and buildings, to Subcommittee B/540/1, European Standards for thermal insulation, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enq
6、uiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The
7、 British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled International Standards Correspondence Index, or by using the Find facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A Briti
8、sh Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front
9、 cover, an inside front cover, the EN ISO title page, pages 2 to 19 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 03:06:55 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN S
10、TANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 10211-2 March 2001 ICS 91.120.00 English version Thermal bridges in building construction - Calculation of heat flows and surface temperatures - Part 2: Linear thermal bridges (ISO 10211-2:2001) Ponts thermiques dans les btiments - Calcul des flux therm
11、iques et des tempratures superficielles - Partie 2: Ponts thermiques linaires (ISO 10211-2:2001) Wrmebrcken im Hochbau - Berechnung der Wrmestrme und Oberflchentemperaturen - Teil 2: Linienfrmige Wrmebrcken (ISO 10211-2:2001) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 July 1999. CEN members ar
12、e bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to
13、the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status
14、 as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDI
15、ZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2001 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 10211-2:2001 E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffield
16、un, na, Mon Nov 20 03:06:55 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 2 EN ISO 10211-2:2001 Page CONTENTS Foreword3 Introduction3 1Scope4 2Normative references4 3Definitions, symbols and units4 4Rules for modelling6 5Calculation values10 6Calculation method10 7Input and output data12 Annex A(i
17、nformative)Determination of temperature weighting factors for three boundary temperatures14 Annex B(informative)Simplified method for the calculation of internal surface temperatures at intersecting linear thermal bridges15 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 03:06:55 GMT+00:00 20
18、06, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 3 EN ISO 10211-2:2001 Foreword The text of EN ISO 10211-2:2001 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 89 “Thermal performance of buildings and building components“, the secretariat of which is held by SIS, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC
19、163 “Thermal insulation“, subcommittee 2 “Calculation methods“. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2001, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest
20、by December 2001. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Nether
21、lands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. This standard consists of two parts. The title of part 1 is “Thermal bridges in building construction - Calculation of heat flows and surface temperatures - Part 1: General methods“. This standard is one of a series of stand
22、ards on calculation methods for the design and evaluation of the thermal performance of buildings and building components. Introduction Part 1 of this standard gives general methods for the calculation of heat flows and surface temperatures of thermal bridges of arbitrary shape and with an arbitrary
23、 number of boundary conditions. This part deals with linear thermal bridges bounded by two different thermal environments. For the calculation of surface temperatures, a third boundary temperature applies only if the thermal bridge is in thermal contact with the ground. A linear thermal bridge can b
24、e represented by its cross-section, which provides the basis for a two-dimensional geometrical model. As the two-dimensional model is a simplification of the real construction, the calculation results are approximations of the results calculated with a three-dimensional model according to EN ISO 102
25、11-1:1995. The errors due to this simplification are related to the length of the linear thermal bridge which is often not specified. The calculation methods given in part 2 are termed “Class B“ methods in order to distinguish them from the “Class A“ methods given in part 1. Although similar calcula
26、tion procedures are used, the procedures are not identical for the calculation of heat flows and of surface temperatures. Part 2 of this standard lays down criteria which have to be satisfied in order that a calculation method for linear thermal bridges can be described as being “Class B“. Part 2 ca
27、n be used for the calculation of the linear thermal transmittance of the linear thermal bridge. Part 2 does not provide reliable results for the assessment of surface condensation. Although accurate internal surface temperatures can be calculated with a two dimensional model, the actual minimum surf
28、ace temperature can be lower,as a result of other linear or point thermal bridges in the vicinity. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 03:06:55 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 4 EN ISO 10211-2:2001 At the intersection of two or three linear thermal bridges a drop o
29、f the internal surface temperature occurs. A method to calculate the lower limiting value of the temperature factor at the intersection is given in annex B. 1Scope This part 2 of the standard gives the specifications for a two-dimensional geometrical model of a linear thermal bridge for the numerica
30、l calculation of: -the linear thermal transmittance of the linear thermal bridge; -the lower limit of the minimum surface temperatures. These specifications include the geometrical boundaries and subdivisions of the model, the thermal boundary conditions and the thermal values and relationships to b
31、e used. The standard is based upon the following assumptions: - steady-state conditions apply; - all physical properties are independent of temperature; - there are no heat sources within the building element; - only one internal thermal environment applies; - one or two external thermal environment
32、s apply. A second external thermal environment only applies when surface temperatures are calculated and the soil is a part of the geometrical model. In that case the temperature at the horizontal cut- off plane in the soil is the second external thermal environment. 2Normative references This Europ
33、ean Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications
34、 apply to this standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN ISO 7345Thermal insulation - Physical quantities and definitions (ISO7345:1987) EN ISO 10211-1:1995Thermal bridge
35、s in building construction - Heat flows and surface temperatures - Part 1: General calculation methods (ISO 10211-1:1995) 3Terms, definitions, symbols and units 3.1Terms and definitions For the purposes of this standard the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 7345, EN ISO 10211-1:1995 and the foll
36、owing apply. 3.1.1 linear thermal bridge thermal bridge with a uniform cross-section along one of the three orthogonal axes Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 03:06:55 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 5 EN ISO 10211-2:2001 3.1.2 2-D flanking element part of a two-d
37、imensional (2-D) geometrical model which, when considered in isolation, consists of plane, parallel material layers 3.1.3 2-D central element part of a 2-D geometrical model which is not a 2-D flanking element Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 03:06:55 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontroll
38、ed Copy, (c) BSI Page 6 EN ISO 10211-2:2001 F1 to F4 have constant cross-sections. C is the remaining part. Figure 1 - 2-D model with four flanking elements and a central element Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 03:06:55 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 7 EN ISO
39、10211-2:2001 3.2Symbols and units SymbolPhysical quantityUnit L2D Rt Rse Rsi U b Rsi 3D Rsi 2D Rsi 1D g l q Rsi linear thermal coupling coefficient surface to surface thermal resistance external surface resistance internal surface resistance thermal transmittance ground floor width temperature facto
40、r at the intersection of linear thermal bridges temperature factor of a linear thermal bridge temperature factor of a plane building element with uniform thermal resistance temperature weighting factor length density of heat flow rate Celsius temperature thermal conductivity temperature difference r
41、atio heat flow rate linear thermal transmittance W/(mK) mK/W mK/W mK/W W/(mK) m - - - - m W/m C W/(mK) - W W/(mK) Subscripts eexternal iinternal ssurface llength Superscripts 1Drefers to a one-dimensional geometrical model 2Drefers to a two-dimensional geometrical model 3Drefers to a three-dimension
42、al geometrical model 4Rules for modelling 4.1Cut-off planes of the geometrical model The geometrical model includes the 2-D central element, the 2-D flanking elements and, where appropriate, the subsoil. The geometrical model is delimited by cut-off planes. Cut-off planes shall be positioned as foll
43、ows: - at least 1 m from the central element if there is no nearer symmetry plane (see Figure 2); - at a symmetry plane if this is less than 1 m from the central element (see Figure 3); - in the ground according to Table 1 (see Figure 4). Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 03:06:
44、55 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 8 EN ISO 10211-2:2001 Dimensions in millimetres Figure 2 - Location of cut-off planes at least 1 m from the central element Dimensions in millimetres Figure 3 - Example of a construction with linear thermal bridges at fixed distances W, showing symm
45、etry planes which can be used as cut-off planes Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 03:06:55 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 9 EN ISO 10211-2:2001 Table 1 - Location of cut-off planes in the subsoil (foundations, ground floors, basements) DirectionDistance to centr
46、al element Surface temperature calculations, see Figure 4a) Heat flow calculations, see Figure 4b) Horizontal inside the building at least 1 m0,5 b 1) Horizontal outside the buildingsame distance as inside the building 2,5 b 1) Vertical below ground level 3 m2,5 b 1) Vertical below floor level 2) 1
47、m- 1)If the value of b is not given the default value b = 8 m shall be applied. 2)This value applies only if the level of the floor under consideration is more than 2 m below the ground surface. Dimensions in millimetresDimensions in metres Figure 4a) - Soil dimensions forFigure 4b) - Soil dimension
48、s for calculation of surface calculation of heat flow temperatures Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 03:06:55 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 10 EN ISO 10211-2:2001 4.2Adjustments to dimensions Adjustments to the dimensions of the geometrical model with respect t
49、o the geometry as specified in the architectural drawing are only allowed if they have no significant influence on the result of the calculation; this can be assumed if the conditions of 5.2.1 of EN ISO 10211-1:1995 are satisfied. Point thermal bridges that may be part of the architectural drawing (e.g. screws) should be ignored. The thermal effect of distributed point thermal bridges should be incorporated into the thermal conductivity of the material layers according to clause 5 of EN ISO 10211-1:1995. 4.3Auxiliary planes Pla