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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 10545-4:1997 Ceramic tiles Part 4: Determination of modulus of rupture and breaking strength The European Standard EN ISO 10545-4:1997 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.100.20 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 03:09:06 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontr
2、olled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN ISO 10545-4:1997 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 November 1997 BSI 04-2000 The following BSI referenc
3、es relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference B/539 Draft for comment 92/15378 DC ISBN 0 580 28657 6 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee B/539, Ceramic tiles and other rigid tiling, upon which th
4、e following bodies were represented: Association of Building Engineers British Adhesives and Sealants Association British Ceramic Research Ltd. British Ceramic Tile Council Building Research Establishment Chartered Institute of Building Concrete Society Construction Confederation Consumer Policy Com
5、mittee of BSI Contract Flooring Association Federation of Master Builders Federation of Resin Formulators and Applicators Health and Safety Executive Institute of Clerks of Works of Great Britain London Underground Ltd. Mortar Producers Association National Federation of Clay Industries National Fed
6、eration of Terrazzo, Marble and Mosaic Specialists National Master Tile Fixers Association National Tile, Faience and Mosaic Fixers Society Natural Slate Quarries Association Royal Institute of British Architects Stone Federation Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy
7、: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 03:09:06 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN ISO 10545-4:1997 BSI 04-2000i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover National forewordii Foreword2 1Scope3 2Normative reference3 3Definitions3 4Principle3 5Apparatus3 6Test specimens4
8、7Procedure4 8Expression of results5 9Test report6 Figure 13 Figure 25 Table 1 Diameter of rods, thickness of robber and length l4 Table 2 Minimum number of test specimens4 List of referencesInside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 03:09:06 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled
9、 Copy, (c) BSI BS EN ISO 10545-4:1997 ii BSI 04-2000 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee B/539 and is the English language version of EN ISO 10545-4:1997 Ceramic tiles Part 4: Determination of modulus of rupture and breaking strength, published by the Eur
10、opean Committee for Standardization (CEN). It is technically equivalent to ISO 10545-4:1994, published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It supersedes BS 6431-12:1983, which will be withdrawn when Parts 1 to 16 of BS EN ISO 10545 have all been published. This Part of BS EN
11、 ISO 10545 was originally drafted by CEN/TC 67, Ceramic tiles, as EN 100, published in 1982, and confirmed in 1991. Subsequently the European Standard was revised by ISO as a Part of ISO 10545, which has now been approved by CEN as a Part of EN ISO 10545. The editorial modifications mentioned in the
12、 EN ISO foreword have been made in this BS EN ISO text. The technical changes from the method described in BS 6431-12 are as follows. Before subjecting the test specimens to three-point loading, they are dried as before to constant mass. This revision states explicitly that they have to be cooled to
13、 room temperature before loading. The breaking load and the breaking strength are reported in addition to the modulus of rupture. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compl
14、iance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Cross-reference Publication referred toCorresponding British Standard ISO 48:1994BS 903 Physical testing of rubber Part A26:1995 Method for determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD and 100 IRHD) Summa
15、ry of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN ISO title page, pages 2 to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment
16、table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 03:09:06 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 10545-4 July 1997 ICS 91.100.20Supersedes EN 100:1991 Descriptors: Ceramics, tiles, tests, determinatio
17、n, break strength, modulus of rupture English version Ceramic tiles Part 4: Determination of modulus of rupture and breaking strength (ISO 10545-4:1994) Carreaux et dalles cramiques Partie 4: Dtermination de la rsistance la flexion et de la force de rupture (ISO 10545-4:1994) Keramische Fliesen und
18、Platten Teil 4: Bestimmung der Biegefestigkeit und der Bruchlast (ISO 10545-4:1994) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1997-05-01. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a nat
19、ional standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in a
20、ny other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germ
21、any, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1997 CEN A
22、ll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 10545-4:1997 E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 03:09:06 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN ISO 10545-4:1997 BSI 04-2000 2 Foreword The text of the Int
23、ernational Standard from Technical Committee ISO/TC 189, Ceramic tiles, of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has been taken over as a European Standard by Technical Committee CEN/TC 67, Ceramic tiles, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard supersedes E
24、N 100:1991. EN ISO 10545 consists of the following Parts, under the common title Ceramic tiles. Part 1: Sampling and basis for acceptance; Part 2: Determination of dimensions and surface quality; Part 3: Determination of water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent relative density and bulk density
25、; Part 4: Determination of modulus of rupture and breaking strength; Part 5: Determination of impact resistance by measurement of coefficient of restitution; Part 6: Determination of resistance to deep abrasion for unglazed tiles; Part 7: Determination of resistance to surface abrasion for glazed ti
26、les; Part 8: Determination of linear thermal expansion; Part 9: Determination of resistance to thermal shock; Part 10: Determination of moisture expansion; Part 11: Determination of crazing resistance for glazed tiles; Part 12: Determination of frost resistance; Part 13: Determination of chemical re
27、sistance; Part 14: Determination of resistance to stains; Part 15: Determination of lead and cadmium given off by glazed tiles; Part 16: Determination of small colour differences; Part 17: Determination of coefficient of friction. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standa
28、rd, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 1998, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 1998. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are
29、 bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IS
30、O 10545-4:1994 has been approved by CEN as a European Standard without technical modifications, but with the following editorial modifications: Existing ISO textISO text modified Clause 1, NOTE 1“ISO 13006 . on these products.” Clause 1, NOTE 1Delete the note. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun,
31、 na, Mon Nov 20 03:09:06 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN ISO 10545-4:1997 BSI 04-20003 1 Scope This part of ISO 10545 defines a test method for determining the modulus of rupture and breaking strength of all ceramic tiles. 2 Normative reference The following standard contains provision
32、s which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 10545. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 10545 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of app
33、lying the most recent edition of the standard indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 48:1994, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD and 100 IRHD). 3 Definitions For the purposes of t
34、his part of ISO 10545, the following definitions apply. 3.1 breaking load force, expressed in newtons, necessary to cause the test specimen to break, as read from the pressure gauge 3.2 breaking strength force, expressed in newtons, obtained by multiplying the breaking load by the ratio (span betwee
35、n support rods)/(width of the test specimen) 3.3 modulus of rupture quantity, expressed in newtons per square millimetre, obtained by dividing the calculated breaking strength by the square of the minimum thickness along the broken edge 4 Principle Determination of the breaking load, breaking streng
36、th and modulus of rupture of a tile by applying a force at a definite rate to the centre of the tile, the point of application being in contact with the proper surface of the tile. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Drying oven, capable of being operated at (110 5) C. Microwave, infrared or other drying systems may be
37、 used provided that it has been determined that equal results are obtained. 5.2 Recording pressure gauge, accurate to 2,0 %. Figure 1 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 03:09:06 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN ISO 10545-4:1997 4 BSI 04-2000 Table 1 Diameter of rods,
38、 thickness of rubber and length l (see Figure 2) 5.3 Two cylindrical support rods, made of metal, the parts in contact with the test specimens being covered with rubber having a hardness of (50 5) IRHD, measured in accordance with ISO 48. One rod shall be slightly pivotable (see Figure 1) and the ot
39、her shall be slightly rotatable about its own axis. (See Table 1 for relevant dimensions.) 5.4 Central cylindrical rod, of the same diameter as the support rods (5.3) and covered with a similar rubber, for transmission of the load F. This rod shall also be slightly pivotable (see Figure 1). (See Tab
40、le 1 for relevant dimensions.) 6 Test specimens 6.1 Select the specimens at random from the lot to be tested. Whenever possible, whole tiles shall be tested. However, it may be necessary to cut exceptionally large tiles (that is, those greater than 300 mm in length) and some non-rectangular shapes i
41、n order to fit them in the apparatus. Rectangular test specimens of the largest possible size shall then be cut, having their centres coinciding with the centres of the tiles. In case of doubt, results obtained using whole tiles shall always be preferred to results obtained with cut tiles. 6.2 The m
42、inimum number of test specimens for each sample is given in Table 2. 7 Procedure 7.1 Remove any loosely adhering particles from the back of each test specimen with a stiff brush. Dry each test specimen in the oven (5.1) maintained at (110 5) C until constant mass is reached; i.e. when the difference
43、 between two successive weighings at intervals of 24 h is less than 0,1 %. The test specimens may be cooled in the closed oven or in a desiccator over silica gel or another suitable desiccant, but not an acid, until they reach room temperature. Test specimens shall be tested not later than 3 h after
44、 they have reached room temperature. 7.2 Place a test specimen on the support rods (5.3), with the glazed or proper surface uppermost so that the test specimen projects by a length l (see Table 1 and Figure 2) beyond each support rod. 7.3 In the case of reversible tiles, such as unglazed ceramic mos
45、aic tiles, it does not matter which side of the tile is uppermost. For extruded tiles, place the test specimen so that the projecting ribs are at right angles to the support rods. For all other rectangular tiles, place the test specimens so that the longer side is at right angles to the support rods
46、. 7.4 For tiles with a relief surface, place a second layer of rubber, of the appropriate thickness given in Table 1, on the central rod (5.4) in contact with the relief surface. 7.5 Position the central rod equidistant between the support rods. Apply the load evenly in such a way as to obtain a rat
47、e of increase of stress of (1 0,2) N/mm2 per second; the actual rate per second can be calculated by equation (2) given in clause 8. Note the breaking load F. Table 2 Minimum number of test specimens Dimensions in millimetres Dimension of tile Diameter of rodThickness of rubber Overlap of tile beyon
48、d the edge supports dtl W 95205 110 95 but W 48102,5 0,55 48 but W 1851 0,22 Dimension of tile Minimum number of test specimens mm W 487 48 but W 1810 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 03:09:06 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN ISO 10545-4:1997 BSI 04-20005 8 Express
49、ion of results Use only the results for test specimens that break within a central portion of length equivalent to the diameter of the central rod to calculate the average breaking strength and the average modulus of rupture. A minimum of five acceptable results is necessary to calculate the average value. If there are fewer than five acceptable results, a second sample shall be tested consisting of twice the number of tiles. A minimum of 10 acceptable results is then required to calculate the