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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 12794:2000 ICS 13.
2、280; 17.240 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Nuclear energy Radiation protection Individual thermoluminescence dosemeters for extremities and eyes Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:39:59 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI This Bri
3、tish Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 April 2000 BSI 04-2000 ISBN 0 580 34678 1 BS ISO 12794:2000 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments N
4、ational foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 12794:2000 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee NCE/2, Health physics instrumentation, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand th
5、e text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this com
6、mittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled International Standards Correspondence Index, or by us
7、ing the Find facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
8、from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 20, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issue
9、d. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:39:59 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Reference number ISO 12794:2000(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12794 First edition 2000-02-15 Nuclear energy Radiation protection Individual thermoluminescence dosemeters for extremities and
10、eyes nergie nuclaire Radioprotection Dosimtres individuels thermoluminescents pour yeux et extrmits Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:39:59 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 12794:2000(E) ii? Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:39:59 GMT+00:
11、00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 12794:2000(E) ?iii Contents?Page Foreword.iv Introduction.v 1?Scope 1 2?Normative references1 3?Terms and definitions .2 4?Units5 5?General test conditions.5 6?Classification5 7?Performance requirements.6 8?Test methods6 9?Certification6 Annex A (normative) Re
12、ference conditions and standard test conditions.8 Annex B (normative) Confidence limits9 Annex C (normative) Performance tests.12 Annex D (informative) Determination of evaluated value (E) from readout values 17 Annex E (normative) Conversion tables.18 Bibliography20 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheff
13、ieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:39:59 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 12794:2000(E) iv? Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally car
14、ried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
15、 ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical comm
16、ittees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights.
17、ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. InternationalStandardISO 12794waspreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC 85,Nuclearenergy, Subcommittee SC 2,Radiation protection. Annexes A, B, C and E form integral parts of this International Standard. Annex D is for info
18、rmation only. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:39:59 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 12794:2000(E) ?v Introduction This International Standard covers dosemeters for the eyes and extremities. This International Standard should be used in conjunction with IEC 10
19、66:1991, which provides performance criteria and tests for thermoluminescence dosimetry systems comprising dosemeters, readers, ancillary equipment and procedures for converting light output into dose, for the assessment of personal or environmental doses, excluding extremities.Italsoincludessomeper
20、formancecriteriaandtestsforthermoluminescentdetectorsand thermoluminescence dosemeters where these criteria are dependent on the characteristics of the detectors or dosemeters, rather than on the reader or ancillary equipment. This document was prepared and discussed by Working Group WG 7 of ISO/TC8
21、5/SC2 following meetings in Paris in August 1988, Moscow in May 1990, Rome in November 1991, Paris in September 1992 and London in October 1993. It was not possible to hold a WG meeting in Orlando in October 1994. The draft was agreed at the Paris meeting by the working group and circulated by the S
22、ecretariat as a CD. A further meeting of the WG was held in London in October but the results of the voting were not available until later in October 1995. A final draft, dated February 1996, incorporating comments included with the results of the voting on ISO/CD (WI 7-2.07.1), circulated as ISO/TC
23、85/SC2 N 475 in October 1993, was agreed by WG 7 in Albuquerque in February 1996. The comments following circulation as a DIS were considered by the WG in July 1997 and this International Standard incorporates those that were agreed upon. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:39:
24、59 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:39:59 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI INTERNATIONAL STANDARD?ISO 12794:2000(E) ?1 Nuclear energy Radiation protection Individual thermoluminescence dosemeters for extremities and eyes 1
25、?Scope ThisInternationalStandardprovidesperformancecriteriaandtestsfordeterminingtheperformanceof thermoluminescence dosemeters intended to be used for the measurement of radiation doses to the eyes and extremities (fingers, and limbs defined as hands, feet, forearms including the elbow, and leg inc
26、luding the patella), for photons from 15 keV to 3 MeV and beta radiation from 0,5 MeV to 3 MeV. It is conditional upon the use of an appropriate reader, procedures and ancillary equipment. It does not cover information access and data processing. This International Standard provides performance crit
27、eria and tests for dosemeters intended to measure dose equivalent at depths of 7 mg?cm?2in tissue for fingers and limbs and 300 mg?cm?2in tissue for the eyes, including provision for the use of dosemeters only intended to be used once. Appropriate phantoms and dose conversion coefficients are recomm
28、ended but others are not precluded. In all cases, performance is assessed under laboratory conditions which may not adequately simulate conditions actually experienced in personal dosimetry. For example, it may be necessary to sterilize dosemeters for medical applications. Therefore, caution is nece
29、ssary in applying the results of these performance tests in real situations. 2?Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or rev
30、isions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the norm
31、ative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 31-0,Quantities and units Part 0: General principles. ISO 4037-3:1999,X and gamma reference radiation for calibrating dosemeters and doserate meters and for determining their
32、 response as a function of photon energy Part 3: Calibration of area and personal dosemeters and the measurement of their response as a function of energy and angle of incidence. ISO 6980,Reference beta radiations for calibrating dosimeters and dose-rate meters and for determining their response as
33、a function of beta-radiation energy. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:39:59 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 12794:2000(E) 2? 3?Terms and definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 thermoluminesce
34、nce radiothermoluminescence TL property exhibited by certain substances, namely the emission of light, which is induced by irradiation when the substance is heated following exposure to ionizing radiation or UV NOTE?Strictly speaking, the property should be referred to as radiothermoluminescence but
35、 the abbreviated form thermoluminescence is usually adequate. 3.2 thermoluminescent material TL material substance exhibiting the property of thermoluminescence 3.3 thermoluminescent detector TL detector detector specified quantity of TL material, or such material incorporated with other non-lumines
36、cent material into a matrix, defined by mass, shape or size or the mass of material incorporated in the matrix 3.4 thermoluminescence dosemeter TL dosemeter dosemeter passive device consisting of one or more TL detectors, which may be mounted in a holder (appropriate for the application), intended t
37、o be worn on a persons body or placed in an environment for the purpose of assessing the appropriate dose equivalent at or near the position where it is placed 3.5 thermoluminescence dosemeter reader TL dosemeter reader reader instrument used to measure the light emitted from the detectors in thermo
38、luminescence dosemeters; consisting essentially of a heating device, a light measuring device and the associated electronics 3.6 extremity dosemeter dosemeter intended to be worn on the finger or limb hands, feet, forearms (including the elbow), and lower leg (including the patella) 3.7 eye dosemete
39、r dosemeter intended to be worn near the eyes 3.8 reusable dosemeter dosemeter intended to be reused, as opposed to one which is discarded after one use NOTE?When used in medical applications, appropriate sterilization may be necessary. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:39:59
40、 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 12794:2000(E) ?3 3.9 batch collection of detectors or dosemeters made to a specific design or specification and intended to have the same performance characteristics consistent with the appropriate requirements of this International Standard 3.10 annea
41、ling controlled thermal treatment of a TL detector or dosemeter during or after readout 3.11 prepare reprepare normal treatment of annealing, cleaning, etc. which the dosemeters or detectors are intended to be subjected to in routine use 3.12 readout process of measuring the light emitted when a TL
42、detector or dosemeter is heated in a reader 3.13 readout value m value indicated by a TL reader after readout of a detector or dosemeter expressed in units appropriate to the output of the reader 3.14 absorbed dose D quotient ofd?by dm, where d? is the mean energy imparted by ionizing radiation to m
43、atter of mass dm. NOTE 1?The special name for the unit of absorbed dose is gray (Gy) (1 Gy = 1 Jkg?1). In this International Standard, absorbed doses are specified in grays. NOTE 2?Where no ambiguity could be involved, the term “absorbed dose“ is abbreviated to “dose“. 3.15 kerma K quotient ofd?trby
44、 dm, where d?tris the sum of the initial kinetic energies of all the charged ionising particles liberated by uncharged ionising particles in a matter of mass dm: K m ? d d tr ? (1) 3.16 dose equivalent H product of DandQ at the point of interest in tissue where D is the absorbed dose and Q is the qu
45、ality factor: H = DQ ?(2) NOTE?The SI unit for both D andHis joule per kilogram. The special name for the unit of dose equivalent is the sievert (Sv): (1 Sv = 1 Jkg?1). 3.17 personal dose equivalent Hp(d) dose equivalent in soft tissue below a specified point at an appropriate depth, d NOTE?The SI u
46、nit for Hp(d) is joule per kilogram. The special name is sievert (Sv) (1 Sv = 1 Jkg?1). Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:39:59 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 12794:2000(E) 4? 3.18 evaluated value E value of the quantity of interest, e.g. dose equivalent (H),
47、air kerma (Ka), free-air absorbed dose (Da),obtained by applying the appropriate evaluation coefficient (Fe) to the readout value or values (m) 3.19 conventional true value C best estimate of the quantity of interest at the point of measurement, e.g. dose equivalent (H), air kerma (Ka), free air abs
48、orbed dose (Da) NOTE?This is a widely used standardized term. The grammatically correct synonymous term is Conventionally True Value. 3.20 evaluation coefficient Fe factor or collection of factors, used to convert the readout value or values, (m), to the evaluated value of interest (E) NOTE?See anne
49、x D. 3.21 residue readout signal obtained on second readout following normal readout and annealing procedures 3.22 conversion coefficient Fe factor used to convert from air kerma or free-air absorbed dose to the corresponding dose equivalent NOTE?See annex E. 3.23 response R quotient of the evaluated value and the conventional true value 3.24 self-irradiation irradiation of the detector due to radioactive impurities contained in the dosemeter holder or detector itself 3.25 phantom specified object used to simulate the human body or parts thereof in te