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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD AEROSPACE SERIES BS ISO 1
2、4953:2000 ICS 49.140 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Space systems Structural design Determination of loading levels for static qualification testing of launch vehicles Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 14:38:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled
3、 Copy, (c) BSI This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 June 2000 BSI 06-2000 ISBN 0 580 34583 1 BS ISO 14953:2000 Amendments issued since publication
4、Amd. No.DateComments National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 14953:2000 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee ACE/68, Space systems and operations, which has the responsibility to: aid enqui
5、rers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations re
6、presented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled International Standards Correspon
7、dence Index, or by using the Find facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of it
8、self confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii and iii, a blank page, pages 1 to 4, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the
9、document was last issued. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 14:38:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Reference number ISO 14953:2000(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14953 First edition 2000-05-01 Space systems Structural design Determination of loading levels for static
10、 qualification testing of launch vehicles Systmes spatiaux Conception des structures Dtermination des niveaux de chargement pour un essai statique de qualification des vhicules lanceurs Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 14:38:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 149
11、53:2000(E) ii? Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 14:38:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 14953:2000(E) ?iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of p
12、reparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental,
13、in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft Inter
14、national Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this Internationa
15、l Standard may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 14953 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20,Aircraft and space vehicles, Subcommittee SC 14,Space systems and operations. Licensed Copy:
16、 sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 14:38:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 14:38:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI INTERNATIONAL STANDARD?ISO 14953:2000(E) ?1 Space systems Structural design Determination of loading
17、 levels for static qualification of launch vehicles 1?Scope This International Standard specifies a procedure for determining the loading level of a qualification test of a launch vehicle structure and takes into account all the minimum allowable strength characteristics necessary for these structur
18、es. This International Standard establishes the required resistance necessary for all mass-produced items to comply with product assurance criteria. 2?Terms and definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 external mechanical loading sys
19、tem of forces and moments external to a structure and brought to bear on that structure 2.2 safety factor J coefficient by which a limit load is multiplied 2.2.1 yield strength safety factor JE ratio of the yield load of the material to the limit load NOTE?This coefficient is applicable only to meta
20、l structures. 2.2.2 ultimate safety factor JR ratio of the allowable ultimate load to the limit load 2.3 overload excess of internal distributed load used for certain calculations to account for design 3?Design of loading levels 3.1? General Qualification tests shall be conducted on a flight-type st
21、ructure. Because such structures are unlikely to include minimum values for all allowable characteristics, the loads used for design shall be corrected before use in Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 14:38:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 14953:2000(E) 2? qualif
22、ication tests. All areas of the launch-vehicle flight structure shown to be critical in probable failure modes shall be considered for the following correction which shall be used to determine qualification test loading. 3.2? Calculation of qualification test loading The corrected external loading,
23、PQ, (force, moment, pressure) used for qualification tests shall be calculated from the following equation: PPJ Q?lim?C ? where Plimis the external loading limit corresponding to the of the highest stress combination of external loads likely to occur simultaneously while in service (value used for d
24、esign); JCis the corrected safety factor (see 3.3). 3.3? Corrected safety factor The corrected factor,JC, is given by the following equation: J JK?K?K KK T C adj ? ? ? min ? where: J?is the safety factor used for design (either for yield or for ultimate conditions); Kminis the correction factor for
25、thickness (see 3.4.1); Kadjis the correction factor for adjacent structures (see 3.4.2); KTis the correction factor for thermal gradients (see 3.4.3); K?is the correction factor for temperature (see 3.4.4); K?is the correction factor for the moduli (see 3.4.5). 3.4? Correction factors 3.4.1?Correcti
26、on factor for thickness,Kmin This factor takes into account the influence of the minimum thickness on the structure resistance; it is defined as the ratio of the thickness of the test specimen to the minimum allowable manufacturing thickness. This correction factor is applicable only to metal struct
27、ures. For other structures, useKmin= 1. 3.4.2?Correction factor for adjacent structures,Kadj 3.4.2.1?Generally speaking during static qualification tests, the influence of adjacent structures should be simulated. In this case, takeKadj= 1. 3.4.2.2?When the influence of adjacent structures cannot be
28、simulated correctly by the test facility, use a correction factorKadj. The authority in charge of the structure shall deduce this factor by comparing results of two calculations made from the theoretical model. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 14:38:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrol
29、led Copy, (c) BSI ISO 14953:2000(E) ?3 3.4.2.3?Make the first calculation using boundary conditions of the test configuration and yields and for each area, determine the stress ?test. 3.4.2.4?Make the second calculation using boundary conditions of the flight configuration and yields and determine t
30、he stress ?flight. In both calculations, the configuration shall include the local stiffness of interfaces without overload. 3.4.2.5?The factor Kadjis determined by: KK adj flight test overload ? ? ? whereKoverloadis the overload factor used for designW1. If, as a resultKadj? 1, useKadj= 1. 3.4.3?Co
31、rrection factor for thermal gradients,KT This factor is the ratio of the increase in stress resulting from the effect of the local thermal gradient to the stress corresponding to a zero thermal gradient. 3.4.4?Correction factor for temperature,K? This factor takes into account the effect of temperat
32、ure on the characteristics of the material; it is defined as the ratio of the value of the characteristic considered at the operating temperature of the flight structure to its value at the test temperature: K C C ? ? ? ? , , flight test where C?,flightis a characteristic at the operating temperatur
33、e; C?,testis a characteristic at the test temperature. 3.4.5?Correction factor for the moduli,K? This factor takes into account the effect of Youngs modulus, allowable stresses, and geometry on the wrinkling strength, compression strength, and tensile strength of the structure at the ambient tempera
34、ture. For a characteristicCiacting in a given failure mode: K f C f C i i ? ? () () , , min test where Ci,minis the minimum allowable value of the characteristic Ciat ambient temperature (20 C); Ci,testis the value of characteristic Cifor the specimen subjected to the test at 20 C; f(Ci)?is the func
35、tion which translates the effect of the given characteristics in the failure mode considered. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 14:38:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 14953:2000(E) 4? EXAMPLE: f(C1) =C1 2, if the structure strength is proportional to the square
36、of C 1 in the failure mode considered. If several characteristics C1, C2, ., Cn, act in the failure mode considered, they will give the following equation: K f C f C f C f C f C f C n n ? ? ? ? () () )() () test?test?test 1 1 2 2 ,min , ,min , ,min , ( () NOTE?With metal structures, the minimum thic
37、kness is the minimum allowable manufacturing thickness. 3.5? Comparison of results If the results of calculations of stress made for test conditions are significantly different from those made for flight conditions or if the corrected safety factor, JC, reaches a non-credible value, other specific m
38、odes of tests and correction of design loads, i.e. other than those proposed in this International Standard, may be used if they have been already established, justified and previously used. 3.6? Implementation of this International Standard The corrected external loading shall be determined for all
39、 the areas of the flight-type structure considered as critical according to calculations in view of probable failure modes. The lowest value of PQshall be selected for qualification tests. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 14:38:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Lice
40、nsed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 14:38:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 14953:2000 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
41、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BSI British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the internatio
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