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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 1562:1995 Dental casting gold alloys The European Standard EN ISO 1562:1995 has the status of a British Standard Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 15 11:12:01 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN ISO 1562:1995 This British Standard, having bee
2、n prepared under the direction of the Health and Environment Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 October 1995 BSI 11-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference CH/51 Draft for comment 92/54
3、795 DC ISBN 0 580 24597 7 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee CH/51, Prosthodontic and orthodontic materials, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Dental Hospitals of the United Kin
4、gdom British Ceramic Research Limited British Dental Association British Dental Trade Association British Institute of Surgical Technologists British Orthodontic Society British Society for Restorative Dentistry British Society for the Study of Prosthetic Dentistry British Society of Periodontology
5、Dental Laboratories Association Limited Dental Materials Panel Department of Health Gypsum Products Development Association Institute of Materials Institute of Physics Ministry of Defence Orthodontic Technicians Association Royal Society of Medicine Society of University Dental Instructors Amendment
6、s issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 15 11:12:01 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN ISO 1562:1995 BSI 11-1999i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover National forewordii Foreword2 Introduction3 1Scope3 2Norm
7、ative references3 3Classification3 4Requirements3 5Sampling3 6Preparation of test specimens3 7Testing4 8Information and instructions4 9Marking5 Annex A (normative) Corrosion test Static immersion test6 Figure 1 Test specimen with conical shoulders5 Figure 2 Test specimen with radius shoulders5 Table
8、 1 Mechanical properties4 List of referencesInside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 15 11:12:01 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN ISO 1562:1995 ii BSI 11-1999 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CH/51 and is th
9、e English language version of EN ISO 1562:1995 Dental casting gold alloys, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). It is identical with ISO 1562:1993, published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It supersedes BS 4425:1988 which is withdrawn. A Britis
10、h Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Cross-references Publication referred toCorrespon
11、ding British Standard ISO 3696:1987BS 3978:1987 Specification for water for laboratory use Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN ISO title page, pages 2 to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see co
12、pyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 15 11:12:01 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 1562 Fe
13、bruary 1995 ICS 11.060.20Supersedes EN 21562:1989 Descriptors: Dentistry, dental materials, alloys, gold, requirements, testing, marking English version Dental casting gold alloys (ISO 1562:1993) Alliages dor dentaires couler (ISO 1562:1993) Dental-Goldgulegierungen (ISO 1562:1993) This European Sta
14、ndard was approved by CEN on 1995-01-12. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning suc
15、h national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language
16、and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Unite
17、d Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1995 All rights of reproduction and communication in any form and by any means reserved in all countries to CEN and its members
18、 Ref. No. EN ISO 1562:1995 E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 15 11:12:01 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN ISO 1562:1995 BSI 11-1999 2 Foreword This European Standard has been taken over by Technical Committee CEN/TC 55, Dentistry, from the work of ISO/TC 106, Dentist
19、ry, of the International Standardization Organization (ISO). The test was submitted to the Updating Questionnaire Procedure (UQ) and approved as a European Standard. This European Standard replaces EN 21562:1989. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publ
20、ication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 1995, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 1995. In accordance with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, B
21、elgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 15 11:12:01 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN ISO 1562:1995 BSI 11-199
22、93 Introduction Specific quantitative and qualitative requirements for freedom from biological hazard are not included in this International Standard but it is recommended that, in assessing possible biological or toxicological hazards, reference should be made to ISO/TR 7405:1984, Biological evalua
23、tion of dental materials, or any more recent edition. 1 Scope This International Standard gives the classification of, and specifies requirements and test methods for gold-based dental casting alloys with a content of at least 75 % (m/m) of gold and platinum group metals. It applies to casting alloy
24、s suitable for the fabrication of dental restorations and appliances. It does not apply to alloys intended for use as the substructure of a metallo-ceramic restoration, which is covered by ISO 9693; nor does it apply to dental casting alloys with noble metal content of 25 % up to but not including 7
25、5 %, which are covered by ISO 8891. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and
26、 parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 3696:1987, Water for analytical l
27、aboratory use Specification and test methods. ISO 6892:1984, Metallic materials Tensile testing. 3 Classification For the purposes of this International Standard, dental casting gold alloys are classified, according to their physical properties and the application for which they are recommended, as
28、follows: 4 Requirements 4.1 Chemical composition Dental casting gold alloys shall contain at least 65 % (m/m) of gold, and at least 75 % (m/m) of gold and platinum group metals. NOTE 1Suitable platinum group metals are platinum, palladium, iridium, ruthenium and rhodium. The percentage of each of th
29、e constituents in the alloy shall be within 0,5 % (m/m) of the values stated on the package label or insert see 9.2 c). If there are any hazardous constituents, their percentage shall not exceed the amount indicated on the outer package see 9.2 j). Standard analytical procedures shall be used for de
30、termining the composition. 4.2 Biocompatibility See the Introduction for guidance on biocompatibility. 4.3 Mechanical properties The mechanical properties of the different types of alloys shall comply with the requirements specified in Table 1. Testing shall be carried out in accordance with 7.2 and
31、 7.3. 4.4 Density The density of the alloy as delivered shall be within 0,5 g/cm3 of the value stated on the package label or insert see 9.2 g). Standard test procedures shall be used for checking this requirement. 5 Sampling The sample shall be adequate to prepare the specimens as required in 6.2 a
32、nd Annex A, and shall be from one batch. Further samples and packaging materials shall be made available for inspection in accordance with 7.1. 6 Preparation of test specimens 6.1 General Prepare the test specimens by the lost wax process of investment casting generally employed in a dental laborato
33、ry, following the manufacturers instructions for use. After casting, carefully separate the sprues and remove any casting beads, fins, etc. Type 1:low-strength for castings subject to very slight stress, e.g. inlays; Type 2:medium-strength for castings subject to moderate stress, e.g. inlays and onl
34、ays; Type 3:high-strength for castings subject to high stress, e.g. onlays, thin cast backings, pontics, full crowns and saddles; Type 4:extra-high-strength for castings subject to very high stress and thin cross-section, e.g. saddles, bars, clasps, thimbles, unit casings and partial denture framewo
35、rks. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 15 11:12:01 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN ISO 1562:1995 4 BSI 11-1999 Replace any test specimens with visible defects. 6.2 Specimens for tensile testing For tensile testing in accordance with 7.2 and 7.3, prepare six specimens
36、which comply with Figure 1 or Figure 2, cast and finished in accordance with 6.1. Soften the specimens in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. If the alloy is hardenable, prepare a further six specimens and harden these in accordance with the manufacturers instructions see 8.1 d). NOTE 2T
37、est specimens normally require no further finishing after the treatment described above. 7 Testing 7.1 Visual inspection Visually inspect to check that requirements specified in clauses 8 and 9 have been met. 7.2 Proof stress of non-proportional elongation Determine the 0,2 % proof stress of non-pro
38、portional elongation in accordance with ISO 6892 on the test specimens cast and conditioned in accordance with 6.1 and 6.2. Load the test specimens in tension in a universal mechanical testing instrument at a crosshead speed of (1,5 0,5) mm/min up to the fracture point of the specimens. Determine th
39、e values from the resultant stress-strain curves at the 0,2 % offset level and calculate the proof stress on the basis of the original cross-sectional area. If four or more specimens are found to comply with 4.3, calculate the proof stress as the mean of the values of those specimens, and report to
40、the nearest 5 MPa. If fewer than four specimens comply with the requirements specified in 4.3, repeat the test. If again fewer than four specimens comply with the requirements specified in 4.3, the alloy does not pass the test. 7.3 Percentage elongation after fracture Determine the percentage elonga
41、tion after fracture in accordance with ISO 6892. If four or more specimens are found to comply with 4.3, calculate the elongation as the mean of the values of those specimens, and report to the nearest 1 %. If fewer than four specimens comply with the requirements specified in 4.3, repeat the test.
42、If again fewer than four specimens comply with the requirements specified in 4.3, the alloy does not pass the test. 8 Information and instructions 8.1 Information The following information shall be included in the package or accompanying literature: a) 0,2 % proof stress and elongation according to
43、4.3, and Vickers hardness HV5/30; b) recommended casting temperature; c) recommended heat treatment for softening; d) if applicable, recommended heat treatment for hardening; e) recommendations for brazing. 8.2 Processing instructions Exact instructions for use shall be made available to the purchas
44、er by the distributor and/or manufacturer. 8.3 Hazardous elements If the alloy contains more than 0,1 % of nickel, or more than 0,02 % of cadmium or beryllium or any other hazardous elements, this shall be clearly stated on the package and adequately detailed instructions regarding precautions shall
45、 be given in the package or accompanying literature. Table 1 Mechanical properties Type Proof stress of non-proportional elongation, Rpo,2 Percentage elongation after fracture N/mm2 a% StateState softenedhardenedsoftenedhardened min.max.min.min.min. 18018018 218024012 324012 4300400103 a 1 N/mm2 = 1
46、 MPa Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 15 11:12:01 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN ISO 1562:1995 BSI 11-19995 9 Marking 9.1 Alloy The ingots or other form in which the alloy is supplied shall be clearly marked to identify the manufacturer or supplier, and the alloy. 9
47、.2 Package The label or insert of the package shall be marked at least with the following information: a) manufacturers or distributors name or trademark, and address; b) designation or trade name of the alloy; c) composition percentages by mass of all constituents greater than 1 % (m/m) in the allo
48、y; d) colour of the alloy; e) type of the alloy, in accordance with the classification given in clause 3; f) melting range solidus and liquidus temperatures of the alloy, in degrees Celsius; g) density of the alloy, in grams per cubic centimetre; h) lot or batch number a serial number or combination
49、 of letters and numbers which refer to the manufacturers records for that particular lot or batch of the alloy; i) minimum net mass, in grams; j) if the alloy contains hazardous elements (see 8.3), the manufacturer or supplier shall include a clearly visible warning on the package, identifying by name the constituents concerned and the amounts used. Figure 1 Test specimen with conical shoulders Figure 2 Test specimen with radius shoulders Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 15 11:12:01 GMT+00:00