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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 61280-4-4:2006 Fibre optic communication subsystem test procedures Part 4-4: Cable plants and links Polarization mode dispersion measurement for installed links The European Standard EN 61280-4-4:2006 has the status of a British Standard ICS 33.180.01 ? Licensed Copy: sheffiel
2、dun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 13 06:56:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 61280-4-4:2006 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2006 BSI 2006 ISBN 0 580 48382 7 National foreword This British Standard is the of
3、ficial English language version of EN 61280-4-4:2006. It is identical with IEC 61280-4-4:2006. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee GEL/86, Fibre optics, to Subcommittee GEL/86/3, Fibre optic systems and active devices, which has the responsibility to: A list
4、of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standa
5、rds Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard
6、does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European develo
7、pments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 67 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication
8、 Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 13 06:56:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 61280-4-4 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM April 2006 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation E
9、lectrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels 2006 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 61280-4-4:2006 E ICS 33.180.01 English version Fibre
10、optic communication subsystem test procedures Part 4-4: Cable plants and links - Polarization mode dispersion measurement for installed links (IEC 61280-4-4:2006) Procdures dessai des sous-systmes de tlcommunication fibres optiques Partie 4-4: Installation de cbles et liens - Mesure de la dispersion
11、 de mode polarisation pour les liaisons installes (CEI 61280-4-4:2006) Prfverfahren fr Lichtwellenleiter- Kommunikationsuntersysteme Teil 4-4: Kabelnetze und bertragungsstrecken - Messung der Polarisationsmodendispersion von installierten bertragungsstrecken (IEC 61280-4-4:2006) This European Standa
12、rd was approved by CENELEC on 2006-02-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concernin
13、g such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its
14、own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvi
15、a, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 13 06:56:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Foreword The text of document 86C/683
16、/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 61280-4-4, prepared by SC 86C, Fibre optic systems and active devices, of IEC TC 86, Fibre optics, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 61280-4-4 on 2006-02-01. The following dates were fixed: latest date by which the EN has
17、to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2006-12-01 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2009-02-01 Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC. _ Endorsement notice The text of the I
18、nternational Standard IEC 61280-4-4:2006 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated: IEC 60793-1-48 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60793-1-48:2003 (not modified). IEC 6129
19、0-11-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61290-11-1:2003 (not modified). IEC 61290-11-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61290-11-2:2005 (not modified). _ 2 EN 61280-4-4:2006 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 13 06:56:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI CONTENTS 3 EN 61280-4-4:2006 1 Scope 5 2
20、Normative references .6 3 Symbols and abbreviated terms 6 4 Background on PMD properties.7 5 Measurement methods .8 5.1 Methods of measuring PMD .8 5.2 Reference test method.12 6 Apparatus.12 6.1 Light source and polarizers12 6.2 Input optics .13 6.3 Cladding mode stripper13 6.4 High-order mode filt
21、er13 6.5 Output positioner.13 6.6 Output optics.13 6.7 Detector 14 6.8 Computer 14 6.9 Means to reduce the effects of amplified spontaneous emission .14 7 Sampling and specimens 14 8 Procedure 14 9 Calculation or interpretation of results.14 10 Documentation .15 10.1 Information required for each me
22、asurement .15 10.2 Information to be available.15 11 Specification information.15 Annex A (normative) Fixed analyzer method.16 Annex B (normative) Stokes parameter evaluation method .23 Annex C (normative) Interferometric method.30 Annex D (normative) Stokes parameter evaluation method using back-re
23、flected light 40 Annex E (normative) Modulation phase-shift method.42 Annex F (normative) Polarization phase shift method53 Annex G (informative) PMD determination by Method C61 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications67 B
24、ibliography .65 Figure A1 Block diagrams for fixed analyzer .16 Figure A2 Example of the R-function for the fixed analyzer method .18 Figure A3 PMD by Fourier analysis 21 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 13 06:56:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 4 EN 61280-4-4:2006 Fi
25、gure B1 Block diagram for Method B using a narrowband (tuneable laser) source.23 Figure B2 Block diagram for Method B using a broadband (ASE) source .23 Figure C1 Generic set-up for Method C (INTY) .30 Figure C2 Schematic diagram for Method C (TINTY).31 Figure C3 Typical data obtained by Method C (T
26、INTY)33 Figure C4 Schematic diagram for Method C (GINTY) 34 Figure C5 Typical random-mode-coupling data obtained by Method C (GINTY) .37 Figure C6 Typical mixed-mode-coupling data obtained by Method C (GINTY)38 Figure D1 Layout for Method D.40 Figure E1 Basic apparatus .42 Figure E2 Apparatus layout
27、 for polarization modulation.46 Figure E3 Mueller states on Poincar sphere49 Figure E4 DGD versus wavelength.50 Figure E5 DGD in histogram format51 Figure F1 Block diagram for Method F (polarization phase shift method) .53 Figure F2 DGD versus wavelength for a random mode coupling device.57 Table E1
28、 Example of Mueller set49 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 13 06:56:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI FIBRE OPTIC COMMUNICATION SUBSYSTEM TEST PROCEDURES Part 4-4: Cable plants and links Polarization mode dispersion measurement for installed links 1 Scope This part of
29、IEC 61280 provides uniform methods of measuring polarization mode dispersion (PMD) of single-mode installed links. An installed link is the optical path between transmitter and receiver, or a portion of that optical path. These measurements may be used to assess the suitability of a given link for h
30、igh bit rate applications or to provide insight on the relationships of various related transmission attributes. The principles of this document are aligned with those of the optical fibre and optical fibre cable test method, IEC 60793-1-48 (see Bibliography), which focuses on aspects related to the
31、 measurement of factory lengths. Instead, this document focuses on the measurement methods and requirements for measuring long lengths that might be installed and that might also include other optical elements, such as amplifiers, DWDM components, multiplexers, etc. PMD is a statistical parameter. T
32、he reproducibility of measurements depends on the particular method, but is limited also by the PMD level of the link. Gisin 35) derived a theoretical limit to this reproducibility, by assuming an infinite range of measured wavelengths and ideal measurement conditions. NOTE 1 Test methods for factor
33、y lengths of optical fibres and optical fibre cables are given in IEC 60793-1-48. NOTE 2 Test methods for optical amplifiers are given in IEC 61290-11-1 and IEC 61290-11-2. NOTE 3 Test methods for passive optical components are given in IEC 61300-3-32. NOTE 4 Guidelines for the calculation of PMD fo
34、r links that include components such as dispersion compensators or optical amplifiers are given in IEC 61282-3. With the exception of Method D, all methods in this document may be used to measure the PMD in the gain band of links that include pumped optical amplifiers. For these links, amplified spo
35、ntaneous emission (ASE) noise can generate depolarized spectral energy in the neighbourhood of the measurement wavelength. This will, in general, reduce the accuracy of the measurement. For Methods A, B, C, E and F, this effect can be moderated by implementing an optical or electrical filter at the
36、receive end. However, optical filtering will not remove the ASE right under the signal spectrum. The accuracy will then be limited by a lower degree of polarization (DOP), if the spectral width of the filter cannot be sufficiently reduced as with a broadband source. Lower DOP may require the signal
37、to be integrated longer to be meaningful or the result will become too noisy and interpretation will be erroneous. None of the methods is suitable for measuring the PMD of links with polarization dependent loss (PDL) in excess of 10 dB. Links with PDL values less than 1 dB can be measured with reaso
38、nable accuracy. Measurement accuracy may be compromised by the presence of PDL in excess of 1 dB. _ 5) Figures in square brackets refer to the bibliography. 5 EN 61280-4-4:2006 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 13 06:56:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 2 Normative refe
39、rences The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60793-1-44: Optical fibres Part 1-44:
40、Measurement methods and test procedures Cut- off wavelength 3 Symbols and abbreviated terms c Velocity of light in vacuum (299792458 m/s) h Coupling length L Length of the link c t Optical source coherence time (Method C) Wavelength increment (step size) Optical frequency increment (step size) Optic
41、al source spectral width or linewidth (FWHM unless noted otherwise) Rotation angle on Poincar sphere Differential arrival times of different polarization components. min Minimum value that can be measured Differential group delay value Average DGD over a wavelength range or PMDaverage value 1/2 RMS
42、DGD over a wavelength range or PMDRMS value max Maximum value that can be measured Angular frequency variation in Method B Test wavelength used to measure PMD 0 Central wavelength of the light source v Optical light frequency R Second moment of Fourier transform data 0 RMS width of the squared autoc
43、orrelation envelope x RMS width of the squared cross-correlation envelope RMS width of interferogram Angular optical frequency ASE Amplified spontaneous emission DGD Differential group delay DOP Degree of polarization DUT Device under test FA Fixed analyzer 6 EN 61280-4-4:2006 Licensed Copy: sheffie
44、ldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 13 06:56:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI FET Field effect transistor FWHM Full-width half-maximum GINTY General interferometric analysis I/O Input-output JME Jones matrix eigenanalysis LED Light emitting diode MPS Modulation phase shift PDL Polarization de
45、pendent loss PIN (diode) Positive insulated negative PMD Polarization mode dispersion PPS Polarization phase shift PSA Poincar sphere analysis PSP Principal SOP RBW Resolution bandwidth RMS Root mean-square SOP State of polarization SPE Stokes parameter evaluation TINTY Traditional interferometric a
46、nalysis 4 Background on PMD properties PMD causes an optical pulse to spread in the time domain. This dispersion could impair the performance of a telecommunications system. The effect can be related to differential phase and group velocities and corresponding arrival times, , of different polarizat
47、ion components of the signal. For a sufficiently narrowband source, the effect can be related to a differential group delay (DGD), , between pairs of orthogonally polarized principal states of polarization (PSP) at a given wavelength. For broadband transmission, the delays bifurcate and result in an
48、 output pulse that is spread out in the time domain. In this case, the spreading can be related to the root-mean square (RMS) of DGD values. In long fibre spans, DGD varies randomly both in time and wavelength since it depends on the details of the birefringence along the entire fibre length. It is
49、also sensitive to time-dependent temperature and mechanical perturbations on the fibre. For this reason, a useful way to characterize PMD in long fibres is in terms of the expected value, , or the mean DGD over wavelength. In principle, the expected value does not undergo large changes for a given fibre from day to day or from s