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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 1893:2008 Refractory products Determination of refractoriness under load Differential method with rising temperature ICS 81.080 ? Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 21/10/2008 04:36, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN ISO 1893:2008 This British Standard was publis
2、hed under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 August 2008 BSI 2008 ISBN 978 0 580 58031 4 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 1893:2008. It supersedes BS EN 993-8:1997 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation wa
3、s entrusted to Technical Committee RPI/1, Refractory products and materials. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its corre
4、ct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication DateComments Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 21/10/2008 04:36, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM E
5、N ISO 1893 June 2008 ICS 81.080Supersedes EN 993-8:1997 English Version Refractory products - Determination of refractoriness under load - Differential method with rising temperature (ISO 1893:2007) Produits rfractaires - Dtermination de laffaissement sous charge - Mthode diffrentielle avec lvation
6、de la temprature (ISO 1893:2007) Feuerfeste Erzeugnisse - Bestimmung des Erweichungsverhaltens unter Druck (Druckerweichen) - Differentialverfahren mit steigender Temperatur (ISO 1893:2007) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 May 2008. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELE
7、C Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any C
8、EN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CE
9、N members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sw
10、eden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Member
11、s. Ref. No. EN ISO 1893:2008: E Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 21/10/2008 04:36, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Foreword The text of ISO 1893:2007 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 33 “Refractories” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been tak
12、en over as EN ISO 1893:2008 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 187 “Refractory products and materials” the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December
13、2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2008. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent ri
14、ghts. This document supersedes EN 993-8:1997. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germa
15、ny, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 1893:2007 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 1893:2008 witho
16、ut any modification. BS EN ISO 1893:2008 Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 21/10/2008 04:36, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iii Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references. 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Principle. 1 5 Apparatus 2 6 Test piece 7 7 Procedure 8 8 Calculation of results .
17、8 9 Test report . 10 Annex A (normative) Measuring device below or above the furnace. 11 Bibliography. 12 BS EN ISO 1893:2008 Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 21/10/2008 04:36, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI blank Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 21/10/2008 04:36, Uncontrolled
18、Copy, (c) BSI 1 Refractory products Determination of refractoriness under load Differential method with rising temperature 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method for determining the deformation of dense and insulating shaped refractory products, when subjected to a constant load unde
19、r conditions of progressively rising temperature (or refractoriness under load), by a differential method. The test may be carried out up to a maximum temperature of 1 700 C. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated r
20、eferences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 3599, Vernier callipers reading to 0,1 and 0,05 mm IEC 60584-1, Thermocouples Part 1: References tables IEC 60584-2, Thermocouples Part 2: Toleranc
21、es 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 refractoriness under load measure of the behaviour of a refractory material subjected to the combined effects of load, rising temperature and time 4 Principle A cylindrical test piece is subj
22、ected to a specified constant compressive load and heated at a specified rate of temperature increase until a prescribed deformation or subsidence occurs. The deformation of the test piece is recorded as the temperature increases, and the temperatures corresponding to specified proportional degrees
23、of deformation are determined. BS EN ISO 1893:2008 Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 21/10/2008 04:36, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 2 5 Apparatus 5.1 Loading device 5.1.1 General The loading device shall be capable of applying a load centred on the common axis of the loading column, the te
24、st piece and the supporting column, and directed vertically along this axis at all stages of the test. The loading device consists of the items given in 5.1.2 to 5.1.4. A constant compressive load is applied in a downward direction from above the test piece which is resting directly or indirectly on
25、 a fixed base. The deformation of the test piece is measured by a device that passes either through the loading device or through an intermediate base. The text and Figures 1 and 2 show the measuring device passing through the base but, by interchanging the bored column and refractory plate with the
26、 unbored column and plate, the measuring device may pass through the loading device, as in Figure 3. Although both arrangements are within the scope of this International Standard, it is preferable that the measuring device be positioned below the assembly, as shown in Figure 2. The reasons for this
27、 are outlined in Annex A. 5.1.2 Fixed column The fixed column shall be at least 45 mm in external diameter and with an axial bore (see 5.1.5). 5.1.3 Moving column The moving column shall be at least 45 mm in external diameter. NOTE Arrangements can be made for the moving column to be fixed to the fu
28、rnace, and the combination of furnace and column then forms the moveable loading device. 5.1.4 Two discs The two discs shall be 5 mm to 10 mm thick, at least 50,5 mm in diameter and not less than the actual diameter of the test pieces, and shall be made of an appropriate refractory material compatib
29、le with the material under test. EXAMPLES High-fired mullite or alumina for alumino-silicate products or magnesia or spinel for basic products. These discs are placed between the test piece and the fixed and moving columns. The disc placed between the test piece and the fixed column (in the arrangem
30、ent shown in Figure 2) or between the test piece and the moving column (in the arrangement shown in Figure 3) shall have a central bore (see 5.1.5). The ends of the fixed and moving columns shall be plane and perpendicular to their axes; the faces of each disc shall be plane and parallel. If a chemi
31、cal reaction is expected between the discs and the test piece, a platinum or platinum/rhodium foil (0,2 mm thick) shall be placed between them. 5.1.5 Layout The arrangement of the two columns, the two discs, the platinum or platinum/rhodium foil if used, and the test piece is shown in Figure 1, whic
32、h also shows typical diameters of the bores in the fixed column and the disc between them. BS EN ISO 1893:2008 Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 21/10/2008 04:36, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 3 Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 moving column (5.1.3), ext. 45 min. 2 upper disc (5.1.4), ext. 5
33、0,5 min. 3 Pt-Rh foil, ext. 50,5*, int. 12 4 test piece (6.1), ext. 50 0,5, int. 12 min., 13 max. 5 Pt-Rh foil, ext. 50,5*, int. 10 6 lower disc (5.1.4), ext. 50,5 min., int. 10 7 fixed column (5.1.2), ext. 45 min., int. 20 min. 8 inner alumina tube (5.3.2), ext. 8*, int. 5* 9 central thermocouple (
34、5.4.1) 10 outer alumina tube (5.3.1), ext. 15*, int. 10 NOTE Typical dimensions are marked with an asterisk (*). Figure 1 Example of an arrangement of test piece, columns, discs and tubes BS EN ISO 1893:2008 Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 21/10/2008 04:36, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 4
35、 5.1.6 Load The columns and the discs shall be capable of withstanding the applied load up to the final test temperature without significant deformation. There shall be no reaction between the discs and the loading system. The material from which the discs are made shall have a T1 value greater than
36、, or equal to, the temperature at which the test material has a T5 value (see 8.5). 5.2 Furnace A furnace (preferably with its axis vertical) shall be used, capable of raising the temperature of the test piece to the final test temperature at the specified rate (see 7.3) in an atmosphere of air. The
37、 temperature of the region of the furnace occupied by the test piece, when at a stable temperature above 500 C, shall be uniform around the test piece (12,5 mm above and below) to within 20 C; this shall be verified by carrying out tests using the thermocouples located at different points on the cur
38、ved surface of the test piece. The furnace design should be such that the whole of the column assembly can be easily reached, either by movement of the supporting column or, if access into the furnace is restricted, by movement of the furnace itself. The assembly should be such that the test piece a
39、nd loading column stand vertically and coaxial with the support column when unrestrained. 5.3 Measuring device The measuring device shall consist of the items specified below. 5.3.1 Outer alumina tube, placed inside the fixed column to abut on the lower side of the lower disc and free to move within
40、 the fixed column (see also 5.3.3). 5.3.2 Inner alumina tube, placed inside the outer alumina tube and passing through the bores in the lower disc and in the test piece to abut on the lower face of the upper disc, and free to move within the outer alumina tube, the lower disc and the test piece (see
41、 also 5.3.3). 5.3.3 The alumina tubes shall be capable of withstanding, without significant distortion, the load imposed on them by the measuring instrument at all temperatures up to the final test temperature. The two possible arrangements of the two tubes, the two discs and test pieces are shown i
42、n Figure 2 and Figure 3. Where the measuring instrument is mounted above the test piece, as shown in Figure 3, adequate precautions should be taken to protect the instrument from the effects of heat rising from the furnace. 5.3.4 Appropriate measuring instrument (for example a dial-gauge or length t
43、ransducer connected to an automatic recording system), fixed to the end of the outer tube (5.3.1) and actuated by the inner tube (5.3.2). The sensitivity of the measuring device shall be at least 0,005 mm. BS EN ISO 1893:2008 Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 21/10/2008 04:36, Uncontroll
44、ed Copy, (c) BSI 5 Key 1 moving column 2 upper disc 3 central thermocouple 4 control thermocouple 5 test piece 6 lower disc 7 inner alumina tube 8 outer alumina tube 9 fixed column 10 measuring instrument Figure 2 Test apparatus Measuring instrument below test piece BS EN ISO 1893:2008 Licensed Copy
45、Chinese University of Hong Kong, 21/10/2008 04:36, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 6 Key 1 inner alumina tube 2 outer alumina tube 3 moving column 4 upper disc 5 central thermocouple 6 control thermocouple 7 test piece 8 lower disc 9 fixed column Figure 3 Test apparatus Measuring instrument above test pi
46、ece BS EN ISO 1893:2008 Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 21/10/2008 04:36, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 7 5.4 Temperature-measurement devices 5.4.1 Central thermocouple, passing through the inner alumina tube (5.3.2) of the dilatometer, with its junction at the mid-point of the test piece
47、, for measuring the temperature of the test piece at its geometric centre. 5.4.2 Control thermocouple, which shall be placed in a sheath and situated outside the test piece (see Figures 2 and 3), for regulating the rate of rise of temperature. NOTE For certain furnace constructions, it may be advisa
48、ble to place the thermocouple nearer to the heating elements. 5.4.3 The thermocouples (5.4.1 and 5.4.2) shall be made from platinum and/or platinum-rhodium wire, and shall be compatible with the final test temperature. They shall be in accordance with IEC 60584-1 and IEC 60584-2. The accuracy of the
49、 thermocouples shall be checked on a regular basis. The central thermocouple may be connected to a continuous-recording device which may form part of a temperature/displacement-recording system. In this case, calibration of the instrumentation shall be carried out regularly. 5.5 Vernier callipers Callipers which are capable of measuring to 0,1 mm, in accordance with ISO 3599, shall be used. 6 Test piece 6.1 The test piece shall be a cylind